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ANAT FINALS > L39: Pelvis II > Flashcards

L39: Pelvis II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the urinary organs and waht do they do?

A

Kidneys- secrete urine
Ureters- convey the urine
Bladder- store and discharge urine
Urethra- discharge the urine

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2
Q

What is the function of the kidney (3)?

A
  1. Filter the plasma in a 2-step process to reabsorb useful substances
  2. Concentrate waste substances for elimination
  3. Produce and release renin and erythropoietin
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3
Q

What are the structures of the kidney?

A
  • Capsule
    Parenchyma
    Cortex and Medulla
    Inner and outer zone
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4
Q

What shape do most mammmals kidneys partake?

A

Multilobular shape

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5
Q

In cattle, describe kidney?

A

Multilobar with lobar surface; one lobe is called renal lobe

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6
Q

In pig, describe kidney?

A

Multipyramidal with smooth surface; each is renal pyramid

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7
Q

In dog, describe kidney?

A

Unipyramidal with smooth surface

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8
Q

Blood supply to kidneys consists of what 4 structures?

A

1 Renal a
2 Renal v
3 Ureter
4 Renal pelvis

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9
Q

What is the renal pelvis?

A

Enlargement that results from the union of the calices and provides the origin for the ureter

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10
Q

What is function of ureters?

A

Convey urine from kidneys to bladder; extends from hilum to kidney

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11
Q

What is the urinary bladder?

A

A muscular and distensible sac that collects urine for its later convenient disposal

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12
Q

What does the urethra do?

A

Discharges urine (& semen in male)

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13
Q

What are the reproductive functions in males? (2)

A

Production of sperm

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14
Q

What are the repro functions of females? (6)

A
  • Production of oocytes
  • Receipt of sperm
  • Providing of a suitable environment for fertilization
  • Nurture of the embryo and fetuses
  • Give birth
  • Nuture offspring
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15
Q

What are the internal organs of the female repro system? (4)

A
  1. Ovaries
  2. Uterine tubes (oviduct)
  3. Uterus
  4. Vagina
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16
Q

What are the external organs of the female repro system? (3)

A
  1. Vagina
  2. Vulva
  3. Mammary gland
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17
Q

What are the ovaries?

A

Produce hormones (estrogens and progesterone) and releases oocytes

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18
Q

What is exclusive about the ovaries amongst different species? (2)

A

The location and position varies between species

Size

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19
Q

In the ovaries, there are two important structures- what are they and what do they consist of?

A

Cortex- germ cells and somatic cells (granulosa and theca cells)

Medulla- CT, vessels, nerves

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20
Q

What is the ovulation fossa? (in regards to learning)

A

Ideal site of palpation of ovarian structures

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21
Q

In an ultrasonography of the ovarian structures, the Corpus luteum is ____ and follicle is _____? What do each represent?

A

CL: echoic- no fluid
Follicle: anechoic- fluid not tissue

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22
Q

What are the uterine tubes (oviduct) functions? (4)

A
  1. Collect the oocyte(s) after ovulation
  2. Transport gametes and store sperm
  3. Provide suitable conditions for fertilization and early embryo development
  4. Transport embryo(s) to the uterus
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23
Q

What are three things that make up the uterine tube?

A
  1. Infundibulum
  2. Ampulla
  3. Isthmus
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24
Q

Isthmus is a site of ____ in ____?

A

Sperm reservoir in uterus

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25
Q

Ampulla is a site of ___ in ___?

A

Fertilization in uterine tube

26
Q

Infundibulum is a site of _____ in ___?

A

Oocyte capture in Ovary

27
Q

What is the function of the uterus? (3)

A
  1. Transports and stores sperm
  2. Nutures embryo(s) and fetuse(s)
  3. Participates in birth
28
Q

What three parts make up the uterus?

A

Horns, body, cervix

29
Q

What uterus shape is found in rodents and rabbits?

A

Duplex

30
Q

What uterus shape is found in domestic mammals?

A

Bicornis

31
Q

What uterus shape is found in primates?

A

Simplex

32
Q

Uterus shape from species to species correlates with their ________. *

A

Litter size

33
Q

Uterus location depends on the structure / size of the _____.

A

Uterine horn

34
Q

What is the function of the cervix? (2)

A
  1. Stores sperm

2. Functions as tight barrier (except during estrus)

35
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterine wall of uterus?

A
  1. Perimetrium
  2. Myometrium
  3. Endometrum
36
Q

What make up the Myometrium uterine wall layer of the uterus? (3)

A
  • Longitudinal muscle
  • Connective tissue
  • Circular muscle
37
Q

What make up the Endometrium uterine wall layer of uterus? (2)

A
  • CT

- Epithelium

38
Q

In the bitch and cat, ligation of blood vessels in an OVARIECTOMY require removing which blood vessles?

A

Ovarian a and Uterine branch

39
Q

In the bitch and cat, ligation of blood vessels in an OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY require removing which blood vessles?

A

Ovarian a and Uterine a

40
Q

In the bitch and cat, ligation of blood vessels in an HYSTERECTOMY require removing which blood vessles?

A

Uterne branch and uterine a

41
Q

Ovariectomy in the cow require removing via?

A

Compression of blood vessels

42
Q

What is the vagina?

A

Copulatory organ that participates in birth and urination

43
Q

What are the external organs in the male repro system? (4)

A

Testes, epididymis, ductus deferens and penis

44
Q

What are the internal organs in the male repro system? (2)

A

Ductus deferens, Accessory sex glands

45
Q

Where is sperm stored?

A

Epididymis

46
Q

What is function of ductus deferens?

A

Convey sperm to the pelvic urethra

47
Q

What are 2 functions of the male pelvic urethra?

A
  1. Receive and mix secretions of sex accessory glands with sperm to form semen
  2. Convey semen (ejaculation) and urine (urination) to the penile urethra
48
Q

Which animal has an absence of ampullary gland?

A

Boar

49
Q

What male accessory sex gland do the cat and dog have an absense of?

A

Vesicular glands

50
Q

Which animal has an absence of bulbourethral gland?

A

Dog

51
Q

What do the male accessory glands do?

A

Produce the non-spermatic component of the semen and clean the urethra

52
Q

What are the male accessory sex gland depending in?

A

Androgens

53
Q

What male accessory glands are not palpable in the boar? (3)

A

Ampullary glands
Vesicular glands
Prostate

54
Q

Presence of normal functional glands, masculine behavior and phenotype in animals without scrotal testes may indicate ____ or _______.

A

Cryptorchidism or defective castration

55
Q

The location of ovaries in the bitch is where in relation to the pelvic unit?

A

Dorsal cranial to pelvic unit

56
Q

The location of ovaries in the sow is where in relation to the pelvic unit?

A

Middle ventral cranial to pelvic unit

57
Q

The location of ovaries in the mare is where in relation to the pelvic unit?

A

Dorsal cranial to pelvic unit

58
Q

The location of ovaries in the cow is where in relation to the pelvic unit?

A

Lower ventral cranial to pelvic unit

59
Q

What type of cervix does the bitch and mare have?

A

Muscular

60
Q

What type of cervix does the cow and sow have?

A

Fibrous

ANAT FINALS (19 decks)

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