L39: Pelvis II Flashcards
What are the urinary organs and waht do they do?
Kidneys- secrete urine
Ureters- convey the urine
Bladder- store and discharge urine
Urethra- discharge the urine
What is the function of the kidney (3)?
- Filter the plasma in a 2-step process to reabsorb useful substances
- Concentrate waste substances for elimination
- Produce and release renin and erythropoietin
What are the structures of the kidney?
- Capsule
Parenchyma
Cortex and Medulla
Inner and outer zone
What shape do most mammmals kidneys partake?
Multilobular shape
In cattle, describe kidney?
Multilobar with lobar surface; one lobe is called renal lobe
In pig, describe kidney?
Multipyramidal with smooth surface; each is renal pyramid
In dog, describe kidney?
Unipyramidal with smooth surface
Blood supply to kidneys consists of what 4 structures?
1 Renal a
2 Renal v
3 Ureter
4 Renal pelvis
What is the renal pelvis?
Enlargement that results from the union of the calices and provides the origin for the ureter
What is function of ureters?
Convey urine from kidneys to bladder; extends from hilum to kidney
What is the urinary bladder?
A muscular and distensible sac that collects urine for its later convenient disposal
What does the urethra do?
Discharges urine (& semen in male)
What are the reproductive functions in males? (2)
Production of sperm
What are the repro functions of females? (6)
- Production of oocytes
- Receipt of sperm
- Providing of a suitable environment for fertilization
- Nurture of the embryo and fetuses
- Give birth
- Nuture offspring
What are the internal organs of the female repro system? (4)
- Ovaries
- Uterine tubes (oviduct)
- Uterus
- Vagina
What are the external organs of the female repro system? (3)
- Vagina
- Vulva
- Mammary gland
What are the ovaries?
Produce hormones (estrogens and progesterone) and releases oocytes
What is exclusive about the ovaries amongst different species? (2)
The location and position varies between species
Size
In the ovaries, there are two important structures- what are they and what do they consist of?
Cortex- germ cells and somatic cells (granulosa and theca cells)
Medulla- CT, vessels, nerves
What is the ovulation fossa? (in regards to learning)
Ideal site of palpation of ovarian structures
In an ultrasonography of the ovarian structures, the Corpus luteum is ____ and follicle is _____? What do each represent?
CL: echoic- no fluid
Follicle: anechoic- fluid not tissue
What are the uterine tubes (oviduct) functions? (4)
- Collect the oocyte(s) after ovulation
- Transport gametes and store sperm
- Provide suitable conditions for fertilization and early embryo development
- Transport embryo(s) to the uterus
What are three things that make up the uterine tube?
- Infundibulum
- Ampulla
- Isthmus
Isthmus is a site of ____ in ____?
Sperm reservoir in uterus
Ampulla is a site of ___ in ___?
Fertilization in uterine tube
Infundibulum is a site of _____ in ___?
Oocyte capture in Ovary
What is the function of the uterus? (3)
- Transports and stores sperm
- Nutures embryo(s) and fetuse(s)
- Participates in birth
What three parts make up the uterus?
Horns, body, cervix
What uterus shape is found in rodents and rabbits?
Duplex
What uterus shape is found in domestic mammals?
Bicornis
What uterus shape is found in primates?
Simplex
Uterus shape from species to species correlates with their ________. *
Litter size
Uterus location depends on the structure / size of the _____.
Uterine horn
What is the function of the cervix? (2)
- Stores sperm
2. Functions as tight barrier (except during estrus)
What are the 3 layers of the uterine wall of uterus?
- Perimetrium
- Myometrium
- Endometrum
What make up the Myometrium uterine wall layer of the uterus? (3)
- Longitudinal muscle
- Connective tissue
- Circular muscle
What make up the Endometrium uterine wall layer of uterus? (2)
- CT
- Epithelium
In the bitch and cat, ligation of blood vessels in an OVARIECTOMY require removing which blood vessles?
Ovarian a and Uterine branch
In the bitch and cat, ligation of blood vessels in an OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY require removing which blood vessles?
Ovarian a and Uterine a
In the bitch and cat, ligation of blood vessels in an HYSTERECTOMY require removing which blood vessles?
Uterne branch and uterine a
Ovariectomy in the cow require removing via?
Compression of blood vessels
What is the vagina?
Copulatory organ that participates in birth and urination
What are the external organs in the male repro system? (4)
Testes, epididymis, ductus deferens and penis
What are the internal organs in the male repro system? (2)
Ductus deferens, Accessory sex glands
Where is sperm stored?
Epididymis
What is function of ductus deferens?
Convey sperm to the pelvic urethra
What are 2 functions of the male pelvic urethra?
- Receive and mix secretions of sex accessory glands with sperm to form semen
- Convey semen (ejaculation) and urine (urination) to the penile urethra
Which animal has an absence of ampullary gland?
Boar
What male accessory sex gland do the cat and dog have an absense of?
Vesicular glands
Which animal has an absence of bulbourethral gland?
Dog
What do the male accessory glands do?
Produce the non-spermatic component of the semen and clean the urethra
What are the male accessory sex gland depending in?
Androgens
What male accessory glands are not palpable in the boar? (3)
Ampullary glands
Vesicular glands
Prostate
Presence of normal functional glands, masculine behavior and phenotype in animals without scrotal testes may indicate ____ or _______.
Cryptorchidism or defective castration
The location of ovaries in the bitch is where in relation to the pelvic unit?
Dorsal cranial to pelvic unit
The location of ovaries in the sow is where in relation to the pelvic unit?
Middle ventral cranial to pelvic unit
The location of ovaries in the mare is where in relation to the pelvic unit?
Dorsal cranial to pelvic unit
The location of ovaries in the cow is where in relation to the pelvic unit?
Lower ventral cranial to pelvic unit
What type of cervix does the bitch and mare have?
Muscular
What type of cervix does the cow and sow have?
Fibrous
