L38: Pelvis I Flashcards
Body walls are heterogeneous stratifications of different _____?
Tissue layers
Pelvis is?
Dorsal, ventral, and lateral walls of pelvic cavity
Perineum?
Caudal wall of the pelvic cavity
What is boney pelvis consists of?
2 coxal bones + sacrum + 3-7 caudal vertebrae
What is pelvic girdle composed of?
2 coxal bones
What is coxal bone composed of?
ilium + pubis + ischium
Pelvic inlet vs pelvic outlet?
Pelvic inlet: pelvic entrance on border
Pelvic outlet: space used to peritoneal
Coxal bones act as external ____?
Hallmarks
Sacral tuber is known as point of the ____?
Croup
Coxal tuber is known as point of the __?
Hip
Ischial tuber is known as the point of the ____?
Butt
Acetabulum is called the _____joint?
Coxofemoral
Boney pelvis results from the contribution of which 4 joints?*
- Sacro-iliac joint
- Pubic symphysis
- Acetabulum
- Intervertebral joints (sacral and caudal vertebrae)
The diarthrosis of sacro-iliac joint has _____ movement.
Limited
Sacro-iliac joint reinforced by several ligaments? (4)
- Ventral sacro-iliac ligament
- Dorsal sacro-iliac ligament
- Lateral sacro “ “
- Sacrotuberous ligament
Amphiarhtrosis of pubic symphysis acts as?
acts as “glue” of 2 coxal bones
The sacrotuberous ligament in large animals is what?
The most lateral layer of the pellvic wall, medial the gluteal muscles
In pelvis, most outer wall is the ?
Sacrotuberous ligament, which is narrow band of tissue
The element that constitutes joint of horse tail include what two structures?
intervertebral discs and connective tissue sheath
The muscules of pelvic roof is called?
Sacrocaudalis ventralis
The pelvic diaphragm has 2 muscles- what are they?
- Levator ani
- Coccygeus
The muscles of the pelvic floor (ungulates) is what?
Obturator inernus
in the sacrocaudalis ventralis, there are two portions (depressors of the tail)- what are they?
- Lateralis (long depressor of tail)
2. Medialis (short depressor of tail)
What do the depressors of the tail do and what are they innervated by?
Flexion and lateral movements of the tail; caudal spinal nerve
In pelvic diaphragm in ungulates, there are two structures (movement of tail) what are they and what is their mode of action?
- Coccygeus: flexion and lateral movements of the tail
2. Levator ani: reduce partial prolapse of anus at defecation
In pelvic diaphragm in ungulates, there are two structures (movement of tail) what are they each innervated by?
- Coccygeus- Caudal rectal and pudendal nerves
- Levator ani- Caudal rectal and pudendal nerves
What is the obturator internus innervated by and what is its action?
Innervated by ischiatic nerve
Action: rotates femur laterally
The levator ani of canivorans have what 3 bands in the levator ani? *
- Iliococcygeus
- Pubococcygeus
- Puborectalis
The levator ani of canivorans are innervated by what nerves?
Caudal rectal and pudendal nerves
The levator ani of canivorans’ action is what?
Flex tail laterally or ventrally (1and2 of 3 bands) and reduce partial prolapse of anus at defecation
What is the perineal membrane?
A membrane of strong fibrous tissue that extends from the borders of the ischial arch to the vestibule or penis bulb to anchor them
What is the origin of the perineal membrane? Attachment? (2)
Border of schial arch
- Attachment: cranial surface of vaginal vestibule, penis bulb
The coccygeous of carvinorans is innervated by what and what is its action?
Innervated by caudal rectal and pudendal nerves
Action: flex tail laterally or ventrally
The pelvis contains the terminal parts of the __, ___, and ___?
Digestive, urinary and reproductive systems
In the pelvis which structure is part of the digestive system? (1)
Rectum
In the pelvis which structures are part of the urinary system? (3)
Ureter, bladder, urethra
In the pelvis which structures are part of the FEMALE repro system? (2)
uterus, vagina
In the pelvis which structures are part of the MALE repro system? (2)
Ducuts deferens, Accessory sex glands
The peritoneal ligament covers what?
Walls to the visceral
Pouch-like extensions form at the _____wall of the peritoneal ‘balloon’
Caudal
The viscera of what area are covered by adventitia?
Retroperitoneal
In the perotineal space, there are 4 pouches- list the four pouches and what structures are associated with those pouches.
- Sacro-rectal pouch
- Mesorectum
- Recto-genital pouch
- Genital folds
- Vesico-genital pouch
- Lateral ligaments of bladder
- Vesico-pubic pouch
- Middle ligament of bladder
The parietal blood supply of the DOG occurs from dorsal (2) and ventral arteries (1)- what are they?
Dorsal arteries: caudal gluteal a and median sacral a
Ventral: Internal pudendal a.
The visceral blood supply of DOG is from what artery?
Internal pudendal a
The parietal blood supply of the HORSE occurs from dorsal (2) and ventral arteries (1)- what are they?
Dorsal arteries: caudal gluteal a and median sacral a
Ventral: Internal pudendal a.
The visceral blood supply of HORSE is from what artery?
Internal pudendal a
Differences of pelvis supply btwn horse and dog- median sacral a? (horse)
In horse, it emerges from the internal iliac a (right or left)
Differences of pelvis supply btwn horse and dog- lt. caudal gluteal a.? (horse)
In horse, it gets covered by deep gluteal m.
Differences of pelvis supply btwn horse and dog- lt. obturator a? (dog)*
In dog. it is absent*
Differences of pelvis supply btwn horse and dog- Lt umbilical a? (horse)
In horse, it emerges from the internal pudendal a (or the internal iliac a)
Differences of pelvis supply btwn horse and dog- lt uterine a.? (horse)
In horse, it emerges from the external iliac a
Innervation of the pelvis is responsible by? *
Pelvic plexus*
Regional non-innervating nerves are all from? *
Lumbosacral plexus
The lymph of the pelvic viscera drains to the___ and ___?
internal ileac and sacral nodes
Rectal palpation in Large animals purpose?
- Clinical examination of intestines
- Reproductive diagnosis
Rectal palpation in small animals purpose?
- Clinical examination of anus and rectum
- clinical examination of reproductive tract
- Examination of boney pelvis
Purpose of clinical examination of intestines in large animals during rectal palpation?
Distension and impaction
Purpose of reproductive diagnosis in large animal rectal palpation?
Female: pregnancy, ovarian status, repro tract pathologies
Male: integrity of accessory sex glands and prostate massage for semen collection
Purpose of clinical examination of anus and rectum in small animal rectal palpation?
Integrity of rectum walls and mucosa, tone of anal sphincter and expression of anal sacs
Purpose of clinical examination of repro tract in small animal rectal palpation?
Pathologies in vagina or prostate
