L32: Anatomy Foregut I

Question 1

What are the three parts of the organization of the gut?

Answer 1

1. Foregut 2. Midgut 3. Hindgut

Question 2

In the FOREGUT, what is the blood, innervation and lymph going to?

Answer 2

Stomach, liver, gall bladder, spleen, pancreas, *1/5 duodenum

Question 3

In the MIDGUT, what is the blood, innervation and lymph going to?

Answer 3

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, cecum, asc. & 2/3 transverse colon

Question 4

In the HINDGUT, what is the blood, innervation and lymph going to?

Answer 4

1/3 transverse colon, desc. & sigmoid colons, rectum

Question 5

Spleen is actually a ______ structure, but receives forgut neurovasculature and lymphatic drainage.

Answer 5

Lymphatic

Question 6

What is the function of the Stomach?

Answer 6

• Food reservoir
• Break up food (rhythmic segmentation) & mix w/ gastric juices
• Intiate protein digestion

Question 7

What is the Body of the stomach?

Answer 7

Portion of stomach that has the largest diameter, largest dilation

Question 8

What are the greater and lesser curvature of the stomach associated with?

Answer 8

Greater and lesser omentum

Question 9

What are gastric folds (or rugae) important for?

Answer 9

Food ingestion, SA

Question 10

What is the function of the Margo plicatus of the stomach?

Answer 10

Divides glandular frm on-glandular region

Question 11

Angle of esophagus in the orse is held responsible for its’ reputed inability to ____.

Answer 11

Vomit

Question 12

Forestomach / Proventriculus = ____ + _____ + ______; All of these are the ____ portion of the stomach

Answer 12

Rumen + Reticulum + Omasum;

Non-glandular

Question 13

What is the pathway through the stomach of ruminants?

Answer 13

Rumen + Reticulum –> Omasum –> Abomasum

Question 14

Rumen and reticulum together reduce tough ingesta by processes of ______.

Answer 14

Microbial fermentation

Question 15

Microorganisms produce __ which breaks down __ into VFAs

Answer 15

Cellulase ; cellulose

Question 16

Layers of the equine rumen and reticulum? (4 layers top to bottom)

Answer 16

Gas bubble

coarse forage (“floating mat”)

Finely ground material

Liquid zone

Question 17

What are the 2 omasal contractions?

Answer 17

1. Squeezes ingesta from the omasal canal into the recesses between the laminae
2. Mass contraction

Question 18

During omasal contraction, squeezing fluid from material within the recess is _______________________________________?

Answer 18

A process essential to the continuing movement of ingesta to the abomasum- some absorption is continued in the omasum

Question 19

What is exclusive about a NEWBORN rumen? What happens instead?

Answer 19

Nonfunctional; reticular fold/ groove shunts milk from esophagus to abomasum

Question 20

The reticulo-omasal orifice is an opening to the __?

Answer 20

Abomasum

Question 21

What is the glandular mucosal lining?

Answer 21

Comparable to the simple stomach of other mammals

Question 22

What is the entrance of the abomasum?

Answer 22

Omasoabomal orific- pylorus leads to the duodenum

Question 23

What is the Torus pyloricus?

Answer 23

Sphincter muscle controlling the release of material

Question 24

Why is the 1st part of the duodenum important?*

Answer 24

Receives material from MULTIPLE organs, liver, and pancreas

Question 25

1st Part of Duodenum receives bile from liver/gallbladder and pancreative juices from pancreas via what things for each?

Answer 25

From liver/gallbladder via common bile duct

From pancreas via main and accessory pancreatic ducts

Question 26

What do the common bile ducts and main panreatic duct meet and drain into where?

Answer 26

Duodenum at major duodenal papilla

Question 27

What is exclusive about the liver? (gland)

Answer 27

Largest gland

Question 28

What are the 5 functions of the liver?

Answer 28

1. Carbohydrate, protein, fat metab
2. Forms bile
3. Destroys old RBCs (hemoglobin excreted as bilirubin in bile)
4. Vitamin storage (mostly fat storage)
5. Iron storage

Question 29

What is the visceral surface vs diaphragmatic surface of the canine liver?

Answer 29

Visceral surface is facing the inside whereas the Diaphragmatic surface is covered over by the dome of the diaphragm

Question 30

What does the hepatoduodenal ligament attach to in the lesser omentum? What does it contain*?

Answer 30

Liver to the duodeum; Contains the portal vein, hepatic artery, and the bile duct*

Question 31

What is significant about the equine liver? Why is this?

Answer 31

THERE IS NO GALLBLADDER; Widened bile duct delivers bile to duodenum (SI)- bile flows constantly.. which is why horses are often fed in multiple small feedings

Question 32

Portal system drains gastrointestinal components (bottom to top):

Answer 32

Guts –> portal vein –> liver (detox, process) –> Inferior Vena cava

Question 33

Flow of blood and bile in liver consists of a portal triad- what three things make up this portal triad?*

Answer 33

1. Hepatic a. branch
2. Portal v. branch
3. Bile ductule

Question 34

Once the liver has processed blood, that blood is returned the _____- in between, the portal triad drains into smaller and smaller drainages which is derivative of portal triad; This is true of every ___ across species; the key players are ____

Answer 34

Caudal vena cava;

lobes;

hepatocytes

Question 35

What do hepatocytes produce?

Answer 35

Bile and detoxifies blood

Question 36

What does the central vein transport?

Answer 36

Transports clean blood to hepatic vein

Question 37

Bile flows from hepatocytes into bile canliculi to interlobular biliary ducts and then into the bile duct in the ________

Answer 37

Extrahepatic portal triad