L32: Anatomy Foregut I Flashcards
What are the three parts of the organization of the gut?
- Foregut 2. Midgut 3. Hindgut
In the FOREGUT, what is the blood, innervation and lymph going to?
Stomach, liver, gall bladder, spleen, pancreas, *1/5 duodenum
In the MIDGUT, what is the blood, innervation and lymph going to?
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, cecum, asc. & 2/3 transverse colon
In the HINDGUT, what is the blood, innervation and lymph going to?
1/3 transverse colon, desc. & sigmoid colons, rectum
Spleen is actually a ______ structure, but receives forgut neurovasculature and lymphatic drainage.
Lymphatic
What is the function of the Stomach?
- Food reservoir
- Break up food (rhythmic segmentation) & mix w/ gastric juices
- Intiate protein digestion
What is the Body of the stomach?
Portion of stomach that has the largest diameter, largest dilation
What are the greater and lesser curvature of the stomach associated with?
Greater and lesser omentum
What are gastric folds (or rugae) important for?
Food ingestion, SA
What is the function of the Margo plicatus of the stomach?
Divides glandular frm on-glandular region
Angle of esophagus in the orse is held responsible for its’ reputed inability to ____.
Vomit
Forestomach / Proventriculus = ____ + _____ + ______; All of these are the ____ portion of the stomach
Rumen + Reticulum + Omasum;
Non-glandular
What is the pathway through the stomach of ruminants?
Rumen + Reticulum –> Omasum –> Abomasum
Rumen and reticulum together reduce tough ingesta by processes of ______.
Microbial fermentation
Microorganisms produce __ which breaks down __ into VFAs
Cellulase ; cellulose
Layers of the equine rumen and reticulum? (4 layers top to bottom)
Gas bubble
coarse forage (“floating mat”)
Finely ground material
Liquid zone
What are the 2 omasal contractions?
- Squeezes ingesta from the omasal canal into the recesses between the laminae
- Mass contraction
During omasal contraction, squeezing fluid from material within the recess is _______________________________________?
A process essential to the continuing movement of ingesta to the abomasum- some absorption is continued in the omasum
What is exclusive about a NEWBORN rumen? What happens instead?
Nonfunctional; reticular fold/ groove shunts milk from esophagus to abomasum
The reticulo-omasal orifice is an opening to the __?
Abomasum
What is the glandular mucosal lining?
Comparable to the simple stomach of other mammals
What is the entrance of the abomasum?
Omasoabomal orific- pylorus leads to the duodenum
What is the Torus pyloricus?
Sphincter muscle controlling the release of material
Why is the 1st part of the duodenum important?*
Receives material from MULTIPLE organs, liver, and pancreas
1st Part of Duodenum receives bile from liver/gallbladder and pancreative juices from pancreas via what things for each?
From liver/gallbladder via common bile duct
From pancreas via main and accessory pancreatic ducts
What do the common bile ducts and main panreatic duct meet and drain into where?
Duodenum at major duodenal papilla
What is exclusive about the liver? (gland)
Largest gland
What are the 5 functions of the liver?
- Carbohydrate, protein, fat metab
- Forms bile
- Destroys old RBCs (hemoglobin excreted as bilirubin in bile)
- Vitamin storage (mostly fat storage)
- Iron storage
What is the visceral surface vs diaphragmatic surface of the canine liver?
Visceral surface is facing the inside whereas the Diaphragmatic surface is covered over by the dome of the diaphragm
What does the hepatoduodenal ligament attach to in the lesser omentum? What does it contain*?
Liver to the duodeum; Contains the portal vein, hepatic artery, and the bile duct*
What is significant about the equine liver? Why is this?
THERE IS NO GALLBLADDER; Widened bile duct delivers bile to duodenum (SI)- bile flows constantly.. which is why horses are often fed in multiple small feedings
Portal system drains gastrointestinal components (bottom to top):
Guts –> portal vein –> liver (detox, process) –> Inferior Vena cava
Flow of blood and bile in liver consists of a portal triad- what three things make up this portal triad?*
- Hepatic a. branch
- Portal v. branch
- Bile ductule
Once the liver has processed blood, that blood is returned the _____- in between, the portal triad drains into smaller and smaller drainages which is derivative of portal triad; This is true of every ___ across species; the key players are ____
Caudal vena cava;
lobes;
hepatocytes
What do hepatocytes produce?
Bile and detoxifies blood
What does the central vein transport?
Transports clean blood to hepatic vein
Bile flows from hepatocytes into bile canliculi to interlobular biliary ducts and then into the bile duct in the ________
Extrahepatic portal triad
