L33: Foregut II

Question 1

What are 4 functions of the gallbladder?

Answer 1

1. Bile storage (from liver) 2. Concentration - removal of H2O and electrolytes 3. Duodenum (and jejunum) release cholecystokinin that causes gallbladder to rhythmically contract and release bile into duodenum 4. Bile emulsifies fat

Question 2

What three ducts drain into the Bile duct?

Answer 2

1. Hepatic duct 2. Cystic duct 3. Hepatic duct

Question 3

Gallbladder is surrounded by _____

Answer 3

Lobes of liver

Question 4

What is significant about the Pancreas (gland)?

Answer 4

Smaller Gland

Question 5

Pancreas has 2 functions*- what is significant though?

Answer 5

1. As an EXOCRINE gland, produces a digestive juice that is discharged into duodenum through ducts- the juice contains enzymes that break down protein, carbs, and fats 2. As an ENDOCRINE gland, cell clumps scattered between exocrine acini called pancreatic islets, are the source of insulin, glucagon, and gastrin- important for carbohydrate metabolism BOTH ENDO AND EXOCRINE FUNCTIONS!!

Question 6

Pancreatic ducts form within the body of ___ and drains into the ____

Answer 6

Pancreas; Duodenum

Question 7

Pancreas is formed from fusion of the embryonic ducts of ventral and dorsal _________, which creates main and accessory pancreatic ____

Answer 7

PANCREATIC BUDS, which creates main and accessory pancreatic DUCTS

Question 8

What is the largest lymphoid organ?

Answer 8

Spleen

Question 9

What is the function of the spleen? (4)

Answer 9

1. Store RBCs and platelets 2. Destroy old RBCs 3. Filters foreign particles, bacteria, and phagocytic cells 4. Produce lymphocytes

Question 10

Spleen is an important ___________ in the dog or cat.

Answer 10

Blood reservoir

Question 11

On the spleen, the surface is _____, and the carniodorsal area is ___.

Answer 11

Visceral surface; bare

Question 12

The lower end of the spleen passes onto the ____ - risk of common abscesses and perforations

Answer 12

Reticulum

Question 13

What is splenomegaly?

Answer 13

Enlarged spleen- a symptom of another disease or condition, more common in dogs than cats

Question 14

What are signs of splenomegaly?

Answer 14

Diarrhea and vomiting, lack of appetite, abdominal pain, lethargy and weakness

Question 15

What are causes of splenomegaly?

Answer 15

Abdominal injury, hepatitis, infectious disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, bacterial infection, immune disorders

Question 16

Celiac supply in carnivorans: Celiac trunk (3), Splenic (2), left gastric (1), hepatic (3)

Answer 16

Celiac trunk: splenic, left gastric, hepatic Splenic: small pancreatic branches, left gastroepiploic Left gastric: esophageal Hepatic: hepatic arteries, right gastric, gastroduodenal (cranial pancreaticoduodenal, right gastroepiploic)

Question 17

What does the three in the celiac trunk go to?

Answer 17

• Splenic –> spleen - Hepatic aa –> liver & gallbladder - Esophageal –> esophagus

Question 18

Arterial supply to the stomach?

Answer 18

Greater curvature: right + left gastroepiploics ANASTOMASE Lesser curvature: right + left gastrics ANASTOMOSE (also short gastrics from splenic a)

Question 19

Venous drainage of foregut derivatives and spleen?

Answer 19

Question 20

Liver drains to caudal vena cava via _______

Answer 20

Hepatic Veins

Question 21

Portal (=hepatic portal) vein collects blood from the (3)

Answer 21

Gastroduodenal vein

Splenic vein

Crainial mesenteric vein

Question 22

Portal vein collects blood from the GASTRODUODENAL vein, one of three veins. What veins does this portion include? (2)

Answer 22

• Craniopancreatico-duodenal vein (left lobe of pancreas and duodenum)
• Right gastroepiploic vein (greater curvature of stomach)

Question 23

Portal vein collects blood from the SPLENIC vein, one of three veins. What veins does this portion include? (2)

Answer 23

• Left gastroepiploic vein (greater curvature of stomach)
• Pancreatics (right lobe of pancreas)

Question 24

The venous blood of the liver drains into the _______* via the hepatic veins

Answer 24

Caudal vena cava*

Question 25

The thorcic duct is exclusive because? Where does it drain and returns lymph to?

Answer 25

Largest lymphatic vessel of the lymphatic system- drains to the left brachioceophalic vein , returns lymph to the systemic drainage

Question 26

Autonomic Supple of Foregut- what axons contribute to this?

Answer 26

Postganglionic sympathetic and preganglionic parasympathetic axons

Question 27

How is the autonomic supply of the foregut distributed to the organs? What does this make up

Answer 27

Organs by traeling along the blood vessels= make up PERIARTERIAL PLEXUSES