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ANAT FINALS > L30: Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

L30: Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

4 features of Sacrum. Also, what is exclusive about the dog’s sacrum?

A
  1. Pelvic area
  2. ~3-5 fused vertebrae
  3. Articulate with ilium at SI joint (S1 sometimes also S2)
  4. Rest of vertebrae form roof of pelvic cavity

Dog: 3 vertebrae form one block

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2
Q

What the auricular surface articulate with?

A

Ilium on either side

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3
Q

What structure does the hamstring muscle attach to?

A

Tuber Ischiarum (ischium)

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4
Q

Where is the structure where umbilical cord attaches?

A

Umbilicus

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5
Q

What is the name of the surgical white line entering abdomen?

A

Linea alba

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6
Q

What are mammary glands? (2)

A
  • Modified, much enlarged sweat glands

- Evolutionary modified to produce colostrum

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7
Q

What is colostrum?

A
  • Modified milk produced immediately after parturition

- Has a role in the passive transfer of immunity to the newborn

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8
Q

What does each mammary gland have a compound of?

A
  • Each gland is a compound tubuloalveolar gland that consists of secretory units grouped into lobules defined by intervening connective tissue septa
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9
Q

What are features of supernumerary teats?

A
  • May be independent or attached to other, better developed glands
  • May interfere with milking
  • Often removed from the udders of cows and goats
  • NOT FUNCTIONAL*
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10
Q

What is the diaphragm a muscle of?

A

Abdomen

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11
Q

What is the function of the diaphragm?

A

Openings permit passage of blood and lymphatic vessels, esophagus and nerves between the abdomen and the thorax

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12
Q

The diaphragm consists of 3 major apertures. What are they and what do each permit passage of?

A
  1. Caval foramen
    - Caudal vena cava
  2. Esophageal hiatus
    - Esophagus
    - Vagal trunks
  3. Aortic hiatus
    - Aorta
    - Azygous Vein
    - Thoracic duct
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13
Q

Two groups of muscles of the abdominal wall- describe what specific muscles are in each group. What are they innervated by?

A
  1. Ventrolateral
    - External abdominal oblique, Internal abdominal
    oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominus
  2. Dorsal (sublumbar)
    - Psoas minor, psoas major, Quadratus lumborum

–> Both innervated by ventral rami

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14
Q

In regard to the muscles of abdominal wall, what is the function of all four of the ventrolateral muscles?

A
  • Compression of the abdominal viscera (abdominal press), aids in such vital functions as expiration, urination, defecation, and parturition
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15
Q

In regard to the muscles of abdominal wall, what is the function of specifically the External abdominal oblique, and rectus abdominus?

A
  • Flexion of the vertebral column when fellow muscles contract; lateral bending of the vertebral column (unilateral)
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16
Q

What is the inguinal ligament?

A

Free edge of the external abdominal obliques

17
Q

What is the superficial inguinal ring associated with and what is its function? (3)

A
  • Associated with the inguinal ligament
  • Opening between the abdominal and pelvic tendons of the external abdominal oblique
  • Exit from the canal
18
Q

What is the cremaster muscle?

A

A muscle slip detached from the internal oblique that passes onto the spermatic cord

19
Q

What is the transversus abdominis?

A

The deepest muscle of the lateral abdominal wall (flank)

20
Q

What is the common insertion for the abdominal muscles and the linea alba?

A

Prepubic tendon

21
Q

What is the transversalis fascia?

A

A lining of fascia deep to the transversus abdominis that contacts the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity

22
Q

In the rectus sheath of the abdominal wall, why is there a progressively weaker body wall caudal to the umbilicus and nearer to the pubis?

A

Caudally the aponeuroses of the internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis change their relative position to the rectus abdominis

23
Q

What is the prepubic tendon and happens to this in some pregnant females?

A
  • Common insertion for the abdominal muscles and the linea alba
  • Sometimes ruptures in pregnant females during late pregnancy from painful edema in front of the udder
24
Q

What is the deep inguinal ring? (3)

A
  • A boundary and not a distinct anatomical structure
  • Lies along the free caudal edge of the internal oblique muscle
  • Slit-like
  • Abdominal entrance
25
Q

What is the inguinal CANAL? Function?

A

A natural passageway from the abdominal cavity out to the abdominal wall
- Function: Transmits the testis in males during development

26
Q

Inguinal canal: Males vs both Male & Female (3)

A

Males only: Contains the spermatic cord and associated structures
Both genders transmits:
- External pudendal artery and usually vein
- Efferent vessels from the superficial inguinal lymph nodes
- Genitofemoral nerve

27
Q

What is an abdominal hernia?

A

A displacement and protrusion of part of an organ through the walls of the body cavity

28
Q

Two possible causes of abdominal hernia?

A

Can be congenital or acquired (trauma)

29
Q

2 main types of abdominal hernias?

A
  1. Umbilical- abdominal contents protrude into the overlying subcutaneous fascia
  2. Inguinal- abdominal contents pass through the inguinal canal and my project into the scrotum in males
30
Q

What innervates the abdominal wall? Explain.

A

Lumbar ventral rami: nerves pass through the transversus abdominis close to the tip of the transverse processes and then run deep to the internal oblique toward the ventral abdominal wall

31
Q

What do the lateral and ventral cutaneous branches supply?

A

Integument

32
Q

What are the nerves associated with the abdominal wall? *

A
  1. Last intercostal n
  2. Costoa-abdominal n.
  3. Iliohypogastric*
  4. Ilioinguinal n. *
  5. Genitofemoral n.*
33
Q

In the Iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, and genitofemoral n., where is the nerve located in a) species with 6 lumbar nerves, & b) speices with 7?

A 
- Iliohypogastric* 
   L1// L1 Cranial, L2 Caudal
- Ilioinguinal n. *
    L2// L3
- Genitofemoral n.*
     L3-L4// L3-L4
34
Q

What are the muscles of the dorsal abdominal wall? What is the action of each?

A
  1. Psoas major- Flex hip joint, draws pelvis limb forward
  2. Psoas minor- Flex the lumbar vertebral column
  3. Quadratus lumborum- Stabilize lumbar vertebral column; assist in lateral bending
35
Q

What is the blood supply of the abdominal wall? How is the blood supply split in goats?

A

Abdominal aorta;

In goats the aorta splits into common iliac aa. which split into the external and internal iliac aa.

ANAT FINALS (19 decks)

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