L37,38 :pathogenic protazoans

Question 1

what is the active feeding stage of a protozoal parasite ?

Answer 1

trophozite

Question 2

what is the inactive form of a protozoal parasite ?

Answer 2

oocyst/cyst

Question 3

Entamoeba histolytica forms a cyst with how many nuclei ?

Answer 3

4

Question 4

which non-pathogenic amoeba inhabits the oral cavity ?

Answer 4

entamoeba gingivalis

Question 5

what are the presenting forms of entamoeba gingivalis ?

Answer 5

trophozite form only , no cyst

Question 6

how is entamoeba gingivalis transmitted?

Answer 6

kissing or sharing eating utensils

Question 7

entamoeba gingivalis is common in which group of people ?

Answer 7

people with poor oral hygiene and patients with periodontal disease . diseased periodontal tissue and associated actinomyces spp. provide a favorable environment for organism to develop

Question 8

flagellated aerotolerant protazoan in oral cavity :

Answer 8

trichomonas tenax

Question 9

presence of trichomonas tenax is considerably higher in __

Answer 9

patients with more dental calculus , coated tongue and poorly cleaned periodontal tissue

Question 10

what is the obly state of trichomonas tenax?

Answer 10

flagellated vegitative state

Question 11

intestinal protazoa ?

Answer 11

giardia lamblia

Question 12

what disease does giardia lamblia cause?

Answer 12

giardiosis: watery foul smelling diarrhea + malabsorbtion syndrome : steotorrhea

Question 13

smiling ghost appearance :

Answer 13

giardia lamblia

Question 14

lab diagnosis of cryptosporidium hominis ?

Answer 14

acid fast staining ,

direct flurescent antibody enzyeme

immunoassy for antigen detection

PCR

Question 15

Urogenital protozoans :

Answer 15

trichomonas vaginalis

Question 16

diseases caused by trichomonas vaginalis and route of transmission ?

Answer 16

trichomoniosis
foul smelling greenish vaginal discharge in women , asymptomatic in men

route of transmission : sexual contact

Question 17

what organism causes toxiplasmosis ?

Answer 17

toxoplasma gondii

Question 18

which microorganism has members of the Felidae family as their definitive hosts ?

Answer 18

toxoplasma gondii (oocyst shed in cats feces )

Question 19

malaria causing plasmodium spp.:

Answer 19

P.falciparum (potentially deadly )
P.vivax
P.malariae
P.ovale

Question 20

which malaria causing plasmodium species is potentially deadly ?

Answer 20

P. falciparum

Question 21

asexual schizogony and sexual gametogony of plasmodium species occurs in :

Answer 21

humans

Question 22

sexual sporogony of plasmodium spp. occurs in :

Answer 22

mosquitos

Question 23

relapse of plasmodium infection occurs due to :

Answer 23

hypnozoites in liver

Question 24

what is the infective form of plasmodium spp.;

Answer 24

sporozoites

Question 25

how are plasmodium spp. transmitted?

Answer 25

female anopheles mosquitoes

Question 26

complications of infection by plasmodium falciparum :

Answer 26

more infected RBCs - occlusion of organ capillaries by RBC

massive hemorrhages and necrosis

cerebral malaria

hemoglobinuria : black water fever ( can lead to acute renal failure)

Question 27

gametocyte of plasmodium falciparum shape:

trophozite shape:

Answer 27

bean of banana shaped

kinda like a smiling cell , ironic

Question 28

which organism causes seeping sickness ?

Answer 28

west African sleeping sickness : tryponosoma bruci Ambiense
east african sleeping sickness :tryponosoma bruci rhodesiense

Question 29

how is Trypanosoma brucei transmitted ?

Answer 29

tsetse fly bite . it injects metacyclic trypomastigotes into skin tissue

Question 30

trypomastigots is seen where in early stages and where in late stages?

Answer 30

early: blood
late : CSF

Question 31

Vector of Trypanosoma cruzi ?

Answer 31

kissing bug / reduviid / Triatoma , deposits trypomastigotes in feces near bite wound (in blood)— amastigotes intracellularly

Question 32

what disease does leishmania cause?

Answer 32

kala-azan (visceral leishmaniasis )–>sleenomegaly , muscle wasting , and hyperpigmented skin

Question 33

vector of leishmania donovani:

reservoir for leishmania donovani :

Answer 33

sandfly

dogs , foxes and rodents

Question 34

life cycle of leishmania donovani :

Answer 34

sand fly : promastigotes –> fly bites human —> promastigotes enter blood macrophages , forming amostigotes (intracellular in humans)