L16 & 17 : corynrbacterium and actinomyetes

Question 1

spore forming aerobic gram positive bacteria :

spore forming anaerobic gram positive bacteria :

non spore forming non-filimentous gram positive bacteria :

non-spore forming filimentous aerobic gram positive bacteria :

non spore forming filimentous anaerobic bacteria:

Answer 1

bacillus

clostredium

corynebacterium . listria

nocardia

actinomyces

Question 2

whats inside the swollen end of C. diphtherea ?

Answer 2

phosphate polymers : volutin , ernst babe granules , metachromatic granules

Question 3

who are the hosts of C. diphtherea ?

Answer 3

humans

Question 4

where does C.diphtherea infection often stem from ?

Answer 4

carries

Question 5

how is C. diphtheria transmitted?

Answer 5

inhilation or contact

Question 6

what does C.diphtherieas exotoxin do to cells ?

Answer 6

prevent protein synthesis (coded by bacteriophage , beta phage toxin synthesized during lysogenic phase )

Question 7

which bacteria produces a pseudo membrane in local inflammation on the mucosal surface of the throat ?

Answer 7

C. diphtherea , membrane can cause airway obstruction if it reaches the larynx

Question 8

Diffusion of C.diphtherea exotoxin into blood can result in :”

Answer 8

myocarditis
peripheral neuritis
paralysis of arms and legs
visual disturbances

Question 9

how is active immunity prophylaxis against C. diphtherea achieved ?

Answer 9

formol toxoid + pertissis vaccine + tetanus toxoid ( DTaP)

Question 10

how is passive immunity against C. diphtherea achieved ?

Answer 10

by giving anti-toxin serum

Question 11

which bacteria is described as the transitional form between bacteria and fungi ?

Answer 11

Actinomycetes

Question 12

under what aerobic conditions does actinomycetes grow?

Answer 12

anerobic / microaerophillic

Question 13

actinomycetes are non acid fast

Answer 13

fr

Question 14

where is actinomycetes normally present ?

Answer 14

oral cavity ( A. israelli)
vagina
intestinal mucosa

Question 15

which organism has a sunshine ray like apperance under microscope?

Answer 15

Actinomycetes

Question 16

chronic granulomatous infection ;

Answer 16

actinomycosis

Question 17

what can cause an actinomycetes infection?

Answer 17

trauma , foreign bodies , or poor oral hygiene

Question 18

dental disease/ surgery or chronic mastoiditis can cause which type of actinomycosis ?>

Answer 18

cervicofacial actinomycosis

Question 19

how does farmers lung happen
?

Answer 19

hypersensitivity pneumonitis : imhilation of mouldy hay (actinomyces)

Question 20

whats the most common source of systemic and CNS nocardia infection?

Answer 20

nocardia asteroids (80% non cutaneous )

Question 21

whats the most virulent and most resistant form of nocardia ?

Answer 21

nocardia farcinica

Question 22

which type of nocardia affects the skin , and cutaneous lymphocutaneous tissue ?

Question 23

which type of nocardia affects the skin , and cutaneous lymphocutaneous tissue ?

Answer 23

nocardia brasiliensis

Question 24

which bacteria is partially acid fast ?

Answer 24

nocardia

Question 25

what are some factors that may predispose a patient to nocardia infection?

Answer 25

pre-existing lung disease (COPD)
chronic steroid use
transplant recipient
HIV / AIDS

Question 26

What illnesses can be caused by nocardia ?

Answer 26

lungs : pneumonia
skin : ulcer , nodules
cns : brain abscess
eyes : keroitis

Question 27

how does disseminated nocardia spread?

Answer 27

from lung to other organs through blood stream

Question 28

what is the source of nocardia ?

Answer 28

mud , compost , and rotting vegetables

Question 29

how is nocardia spread?

Answer 29

inhalation
innoculation into wound ( madura foot - actinomycotic mycetoma )

brain abscess

kidney infections