L2:Microbial pathogenicity and host parasite relationships Flashcards
normal flora is also known as ___
commensals
what type of microbial flora occupies a particular location in the host despite diverse environmental conditions ?
resident indigenous flora
when can we say an infection has occurred?
when colonization and multiplication are present, with or without manifestation of disease
what is a secondary infection ?
an infection that occurs when hosts immunity is lowered by a primary infection
what is a focal infection ?
local infection - can lead to focal sepsis
what are subclinical infections ?
infections that are not apparent (atypical infections are infections where the characteristic manifestations are not present)
which type of bacteria can be infectious when ingested ?
salmonella typhi
what is a vector?
an animal that transfer infectious agent
what is a paradoxical infection ?
when microorganism is acquired from another organism
what are zoonosis infections ?
infections originating from non-human hosts
what are reservoir hosts ?
hots that carry parasite but do not have the disease themselves
how is virulence measured ?
by the number of organisms needed to cause disease
(The infectious dose ofShigellais <100 organisms, whereas the infectious dose ofSalmonellais to the order of 100,000 organisms.
)
what are endotoxins ?
integral parts of cell wall of bacteria ( gram -ve) that are made up of proteins , lipids , and lipopolysaccharides that are only released when cell is lysed
what are exotoxins ?
toxins produced in cells cytoplasm and secreted by bacteria ex: A-B toxins , bacterial cytolysis , and cytotoxins
Whats the difference between epidemic , endemic , and pandemic ?
an epidemic involves disease occurring in an area in numbers exceeding the normal expectancy
and endemic is the continuous persistent presence of a disease at a low level in a certain population
a pandemic is a widespread epidemic occurring throughout a country , continent , or globally
