L36: Bee Health: Veterinary roles and relevance for people/animals/ environment

Question 1

What are the two types of pollination?

Answer 1

Biotic or abiotic

Question 2

How many pollinator species are there in the UK?

Answer 2

1500

Question 3

What % bee calorie intake is from crops that don’t require pollination?

Answer 3

90%

Question 4

What is a reason propolis is used?

Answer 4

Antibacterial

Question 5

What is the native range of the honey bee?

Answer 5

Europe and Africa

Question 6

Which areas has the honey bee been cultivated to?

Answer 6

Whole world

Question 7

How many queen bees are there in each colony?

Answer 7

At least one

Question 8

How many eggs does the queen bee lay per day?

Answer 8

3500

Question 9

How is the queen different from the others?

Answer 9

Diet different and epigenetic effects, but genetically the same

Question 10

Over how many days do larvae hatch?

Answer 10

Three

Question 11

After how long do larvae hatch?

Answer 11

Three weeks

Question 12

How many larvae hatch per day?

Answer 12

3-4000

Question 13

Which chambers are at the bottom of the hive?

Answer 13

Nest box and brood chamber (where the queen lives)

Question 14

What is above the nest box and brood chamber?

Answer 14

Queen excluder

Question 15

What is above the queen excluder?

Answer 15

The supers where the honey is stored

Question 16

What % of UK honey is imported?

Answer 16

95%

Question 17

Which kind of honey bee does V destructor affect?

Answer 17

Asian

Question 18

When did V destructor arrive in the UK?

Answer 18

1992

Question 19

Which countries have been affected by V destructor?

Answer 19

Worldwide

Question 20

How does V destructor cause damage in bees?

Answer 20

Drinks haemolymph, injects viruses, suppresses immune function

Question 21

What causes chronic bee paralysis?

Answer 21

RNA virus

Question 22

How does chronic bee paralysis spread?

Answer 22

Injection, mechanical, faeco-oral, transovarial

Question 23

What are symptoms of type 1 chronic bee paralysis?

Answer 23

Trembling, crawling in grass, flightless, on top bars

Question 24

What are symptoms of type 2 chronic bee paralysis?

Answer 24

Black robbers, mal noir, hairless, black, shiny/greasy, nibble wings

Question 25

Which departments oversees the National Bee Unit?

Answer 25

APHA

Question 26

Which bee diseases are notifiable?

Answer 26

American foulbrood and european foulbrood

Question 27

What causes American foulbrood?

Answer 27

Paenibacillus larvae infecting bee larvae at 1-3 days

Question 28

How do you diagnose American foulbrood?

Answer 28

Stick test - larvae go stringy

Question 29

What does a nest infected by American foulbrood look like?

Answer 29

Lots of holes and sunken wax caps

Question 30

How long can American foulbrood wait for another colony to infection?

Answer 30

35 years

Question 31

How is American and european foulbrood transmitted?

Answer 31

Robbing honey, swarming, drifting, honey

Question 32

How can you control american foulbrood?

Answer 32

Burning

Question 33

What year did the american foulbrood active control programme begin?

Answer 33

1942

Question 34

What age larve does european foulbrood affect?

Answer 34

4-5 days

Question 35

What happens to the larvae infected by european foulbrood?

Answer 35

Infects gut, loses segmentation, forms a puddle, dries and forms a scale

Question 36

How can you tell the different between american and european foulbrood?

Answer 36

European happens before capping, American after

Question 37

Which countries have european foulbrood?

Answer 37

Worldwide

Question 38

What eventually kills the larve in european foulbrood?

Answer 38

Starvation rather than toxicity due to the gut effect

Question 39

What are three ways to treat european foulbrood?

Answer 39

Burn, oxytetracycline, move to new clean nest box (shook swarm)

Question 40

What % recurrence next year does oxytetracycline give?

Answer 40

22%

Question 41

What % recurrence next year does moving give?

Answer 41

4%

Question 42

Which two species cause Nosemosis?

Answer 42

N apis and N ceranae

Question 43

What does N apis cause?

Answer 43

Dysentery

Question 44

What does N ceranae cause?

Answer 44

Low honey production and high losses

Question 45

What is a notifiable pest in bees?

Answer 45

Hive beetles

Question 46

Which countries can trade honey?

Answer 46

EU approved

Question 47

Who must the establishment be registered with when trading honey?

Answer 47

The competent authority of the exporting country

Question 48

What must accompany honey when it is traded?

Answer 48

A health certificate

Question 49

Where must traded honey undergo vet checks?

Answer 49

At a Border Inspection Post