L36: Bee Health: Veterinary roles and relevance for people/animals/ environment Flashcards
What are the two types of pollination?
Biotic or abiotic
How many pollinator species are there in the UK?
1500
What % bee calorie intake is from crops that don’t require pollination?
90%
What is a reason propolis is used?
Antibacterial
What is the native range of the honey bee?
Europe and Africa
Which areas has the honey bee been cultivated to?
Whole world
How many queen bees are there in each colony?
At least one
How many eggs does the queen bee lay per day?
3500
How is the queen different from the others?
Diet different and epigenetic effects, but genetically the same
Over how many days do larvae hatch?
Three
After how long do larvae hatch?
Three weeks
How many larvae hatch per day?
3-4000
Which chambers are at the bottom of the hive?
Nest box and brood chamber (where the queen lives)
What is above the nest box and brood chamber?
Queen excluder
What is above the queen excluder?
The supers where the honey is stored
What % of UK honey is imported?
95%
Which kind of honey bee does V destructor affect?
Asian
When did V destructor arrive in the UK?
1992
Which countries have been affected by V destructor?
Worldwide
How does V destructor cause damage in bees?
Drinks haemolymph, injects viruses, suppresses immune function
What causes chronic bee paralysis?
RNA virus
How does chronic bee paralysis spread?
Injection, mechanical, faeco-oral, transovarial
What are symptoms of type 1 chronic bee paralysis?
Trembling, crawling in grass, flightless, on top bars
What are symptoms of type 2 chronic bee paralysis?
Black robbers, mal noir, hairless, black, shiny/greasy, nibble wings
Which departments oversees the National Bee Unit?
APHA
Which bee diseases are notifiable?
American foulbrood and european foulbrood
What causes American foulbrood?
Paenibacillus larvae infecting bee larvae at 1-3 days
How do you diagnose American foulbrood?
Stick test - larvae go stringy
What does a nest infected by American foulbrood look like?
Lots of holes and sunken wax caps
How long can American foulbrood wait for another colony to infection?
35 years
How is American and european foulbrood transmitted?
Robbing honey, swarming, drifting, honey
How can you control american foulbrood?
Burning
What year did the american foulbrood active control programme begin?
1942
What age larve does european foulbrood affect?
4-5 days
What happens to the larvae infected by european foulbrood?
Infects gut, loses segmentation, forms a puddle, dries and forms a scale
How can you tell the different between american and european foulbrood?
European happens before capping, American after
Which countries have european foulbrood?
Worldwide
What eventually kills the larve in european foulbrood?
Starvation rather than toxicity due to the gut effect
What are three ways to treat european foulbrood?
Burn, oxytetracycline, move to new clean nest box (shook swarm)
What % recurrence next year does oxytetracycline give?
22%
What % recurrence next year does moving give?
4%
Which two species cause Nosemosis?
N apis and N ceranae
What does N apis cause?
Dysentery
What does N ceranae cause?
Low honey production and high losses
What is a notifiable pest in bees?
Hive beetles
Which countries can trade honey?
EU approved
Who must the establishment be registered with when trading honey?
The competent authority of the exporting country
What must accompany honey when it is traded?
A health certificate
Where must traded honey undergo vet checks?
At a Border Inspection Post
