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VPH > L36: Bee Health: Veterinary roles and relevance for people/animals/ environment > Flashcards

L36: Bee Health: Veterinary roles and relevance for people/animals/ environment Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of pollination?

A

Biotic or abiotic

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2
Q

How many pollinator species are there in the UK?

A

1500

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3
Q

What % bee calorie intake is from crops that don’t require pollination?

A

90%

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4
Q

What is a reason propolis is used?

A

Antibacterial

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5
Q

What is the native range of the honey bee?

A

Europe and Africa

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6
Q

Which areas has the honey bee been cultivated to?

A

Whole world

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7
Q

How many queen bees are there in each colony?

A

At least one

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8
Q

How many eggs does the queen bee lay per day?

A

3500

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9
Q

How is the queen different from the others?

A

Diet different and epigenetic effects, but genetically the same

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10
Q

Over how many days do larvae hatch?

A

Three

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11
Q

After how long do larvae hatch?

A

Three weeks

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12
Q

How many larvae hatch per day?

A

3-4000

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13
Q

Which chambers are at the bottom of the hive?

A

Nest box and brood chamber (where the queen lives)

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14
Q

What is above the nest box and brood chamber?

A

Queen excluder

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15
Q

What is above the queen excluder?

A

The supers where the honey is stored

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16
Q

What % of UK honey is imported?

A

95%

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17
Q

Which kind of honey bee does V destructor affect?

A

Asian

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18
Q

When did V destructor arrive in the UK?

A

1992

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19
Q

Which countries have been affected by V destructor?

A

Worldwide

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20
Q

How does V destructor cause damage in bees?

A

Drinks haemolymph, injects viruses, suppresses immune function

21
Q

What causes chronic bee paralysis?

A

RNA virus

22
Q

How does chronic bee paralysis spread?

A

Injection, mechanical, faeco-oral, transovarial

23
Q

What are symptoms of type 1 chronic bee paralysis?

A

Trembling, crawling in grass, flightless, on top bars

24
Q

What are symptoms of type 2 chronic bee paralysis?

A

Black robbers, mal noir, hairless, black, shiny/greasy, nibble wings

25
Q

Which departments oversees the National Bee Unit?

A

APHA

26
Q

Which bee diseases are notifiable?

A

American foulbrood and european foulbrood

27
Q

What causes American foulbrood?

A

Paenibacillus larvae infecting bee larvae at 1-3 days

28
Q

How do you diagnose American foulbrood?

A

Stick test - larvae go stringy

29
Q

What does a nest infected by American foulbrood look like?

A

Lots of holes and sunken wax caps

30
Q

How long can American foulbrood wait for another colony to infection?

A

35 years

31
Q

How is American and european foulbrood transmitted?

A

Robbing honey, swarming, drifting, honey

32
Q

How can you control american foulbrood?

A

Burning

33
Q

What year did the american foulbrood active control programme begin?

A

1942

34
Q

What age larve does european foulbrood affect?

A

4-5 days

35
Q

What happens to the larvae infected by european foulbrood?

A

Infects gut, loses segmentation, forms a puddle, dries and forms a scale

36
Q

How can you tell the different between american and european foulbrood?

A

European happens before capping, American after

37
Q

Which countries have european foulbrood?

A

Worldwide

38
Q

What eventually kills the larve in european foulbrood?

A

Starvation rather than toxicity due to the gut effect

39
Q

What are three ways to treat european foulbrood?

A

Burn, oxytetracycline, move to new clean nest box (shook swarm)

40
Q

What % recurrence next year does oxytetracycline give?

A

22%

41
Q

What % recurrence next year does moving give?

A

4%

42
Q

Which two species cause Nosemosis?

A

N apis and N ceranae

43
Q

What does N apis cause?

A

Dysentery

44
Q

What does N ceranae cause?

A

Low honey production and high losses

45
Q

What is a notifiable pest in bees?

A

Hive beetles

46
Q

Which countries can trade honey?

A

EU approved

47
Q

Who must the establishment be registered with when trading honey?

A

The competent authority of the exporting country

48
Q

What must accompany honey when it is traded?

A

A health certificate

49
Q

Where must traded honey undergo vet checks?

A

At a Border Inspection Post

VPH (32 decks)

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