L19&L20: Welfare at stunning and slaughter of red and white meat species

Question 1

What was used to stun animals before a captive bolt stunner?

Answer 1

Poleaxe

Question 2

What can you use for slaughter in hard to reach areas?

Answer 2

Mobile slaughter unit

Question 3

What is used to stun poultry?

Answer 3

Cash poultry killer

Question 4

How do fish stunning machines work?

Answer 4

Percussive blow to the head

Question 5

What is used to kill day-old chicks?

Answer 5

Argon machines

Question 6

What 4 things must humane slaughter be?

Answer 6

Painless, instant, no avoidable distress, no perception of impending death

Question 7

In order of most-least, which animals are slaughtered in the UK?

Answer 7

Chickens, fish, sheep, pigs, cattle

Question 8

How many animals are killed per second in the UK?

Answer 8

32

Question 9

What are the three permitted methods of stunning?

Answer 9

Mechanical (percussive), electrical, gas mixtures

Question 10

When is bleeding necessary after stunning?

Answer 10

If carcase is for consumption

Question 11

Why does stunning include anything causing instant death?

Answer 11

Stunning = loss of consciousness and sensibility

Question 12

What is the difference in “simple stunning”?

Answer 12

Does not result in instant death

Question 13

Why is percussive stunning only temporary?

Answer 13

Causes concussion

Question 14

Why do captive bolts require pitting/bleeding?

Answer 14

Only stun, not kill

Question 15

Whch animals can cause problems during captive-bolt stunning?

Answer 15

Aged, especially pigs and horned sheep

Question 16

Are captive bolts classed as firearms?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

What are the 6 signs of an effective stun?

Answer 17

Collapses immediately and stops breathing, front legs and neck extended, hind legs flexed into lower abdomen, fixed expression, no corneal reflex, relaxed lower jaw with tongue out

Question 18

Which are the only animals you can do pithing on?

Answer 18

Not destined for human or animal consumption

Question 19

What species can you use head-only tongs and head-to-body stun/kill equipment on?

Answer 19

Pigs and sheep

Question 20

Which voltages can head-only tongs be?

Answer 20

Low or high

Question 21

Which species can you use fully automatic stun equipment on?

Answer 21

Pigs and cattle

Question 22

Which voltages can fully automatic and head-to-body stun/kill equipment be?

Answer 22

High only

Question 23

What are the three stages of an electric stun?

Answer 23

Tonic, clonic, recovery

Question 24

How long does the tonic phase last?

Answer 24

5-20s

Question 25

What 4 things happen during the tonic phase?

Answer 25

Collapses and become rigid, no rhythmic breathing, head raised, forelegs extended and hindlegs flexed

Question 26

What are four signs of the clonic phase?

Answer 26

Gradual muscle relaxation, paddling/kicking, downward eyeballs, urination/defecation

Question 27

How long does recovery take?

Answer 27

60-90s

Question 28

What are four signs of the recovery phase?

Answer 28

Normal breathing, response to painful stimuli, visually aware, attempts to stand

Question 29

What is the problem with cutting the carotid/jugular?

Answer 29

Too slow - recovery may have already started

Question 30

What is the advantage of chest sticking?

Answer 30

Faster

Question 31

What has been used to anaesthetise pigs since the 1950s?

Answer 31

CO2

Question 32

What is the use of gas to stun pigs known as?

Answer 32

Controlled atmosphere stunning

Question 33

How long does it take for pigs to become unconscious on CO2?

Answer 33

15s

Question 34

What gases can you use to stun pigs?

Answer 34

Argon, nitrogen, CO2

Question 35

Which species is CO2 used in?

Answer 35

Pigs and poultry

Question 36

What concentration CO2 is used?

Answer 36

90% and above

Question 37

What is excitation period like for CO2 stunning?

Answer 37

Slow

Question 38

What kind of carcase do you get after CO2 stun?

Answer 38

Relaxed

Question 39

What is an advantage and disadvantage of CO2 stunning?

Answer 39

High quality meat but high capital investment

Question 40

What is LAPS?

Answer 40

Low atmosphere pressure stunning

Question 41

How does LAPS work?

Answer 41

Vacuum pump reduces O2 tension to cause progressive anoxia

Question 42

After how long is EEG activity totally suppressed in LAPS?

Answer 42

60s

Question 43

How long is the carcase insensible in LAPS?

Answer 43

40s

Question 44

What happens to the animal during LAPS?

Answer 44

Heart rate decreases, then ataxia, then convulsions

Question 45

Is insensitivity before or after convulsions in LAPS?

Answer 45

Before

Question 46

Which arteries are severed during slaughter?

Answer 46

Carotid or brachiocephalic trunk

Question 47

How soon must bleeding be done?

Answer 47

15 seconds

Question 48

What happens if sticking is delayed?

Answer 48

Compromises meat quality

Question 49

What weight birds can have manual dislocation?

Answer 49

Less than 3kg

Question 50

How many birds per day can one person neck?

Answer 50

70

Question 51

Which weight birds can have mechanical dislocation?

Answer 51

Less than 5kg

Question 52

How soon must emergency killing be done?

Answer 52

ASAP

Question 53

What 4 things must be present in an abattoir?

Answer 53

SOPs, slaughter licenses, CCTV, Animal Welfare Officer

Question 54

Which abattoirs don't need an AWO?

Answer 54

Less than 1000 units per year

Question 55

How long is grandfather rights for certificates of competence?

Answer 55

Three years

Question 56

Which certificates does the animal welfare officer need?

Answer 56

Certificates of competence for the operations they oversee

Question 57

In what 4 situations do slaughter regulations not apply?

Answer 57

Scientific experiments, hunting/recreation, cultural/sporting events, poultry/rabbits/hares slaughtered for consumption by their owner