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VPH > L19&L20: Welfare at stunning and slaughter of red and white meat species > Flashcards

L19&L20: Welfare at stunning and slaughter of red and white meat species Flashcards

1
Q

What was used to stun animals before a captive bolt stunner?

A

Poleaxe

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2
Q

What can you use for slaughter in hard to reach areas?

A

Mobile slaughter unit

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3
Q

What is used to stun poultry?

A

Cash poultry killer

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4
Q

How do fish stunning machines work?

A

Percussive blow to the head

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5
Q

What is used to kill day-old chicks?

A

Argon machines

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6
Q

What 4 things must humane slaughter be?

A

Painless, instant, no avoidable distress, no perception of impending death

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7
Q

In order of most-least, which animals are slaughtered in the UK?

A

Chickens, fish, sheep, pigs, cattle

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8
Q

How many animals are killed per second in the UK?

A

32

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9
Q

What are the three permitted methods of stunning?

A

Mechanical (percussive), electrical, gas mixtures

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10
Q

When is bleeding necessary after stunning?

A

If carcase is for consumption

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11
Q

Why does stunning include anything causing instant death?

A

Stunning = loss of consciousness and sensibility

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12
Q

What is the difference in “simple stunning”?

A

Does not result in instant death

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13
Q

Why is percussive stunning only temporary?

A

Causes concussion

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14
Q

Why do captive bolts require pitting/bleeding?

A

Only stun, not kill

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15
Q

Whch animals can cause problems during captive-bolt stunning?

A

Aged, especially pigs and horned sheep

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16
Q

Are captive bolts classed as firearms?

A

Yes

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17
Q

What are the 6 signs of an effective stun?

A

Collapses immediately and stops breathing, front legs and neck extended, hind legs flexed into lower abdomen, fixed expression, no corneal reflex, relaxed lower jaw with tongue out

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18
Q

Which are the only animals you can do pithing on?

A

Not destined for human or animal consumption

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19
Q

What species can you use head-only tongs and head-to-body stun/kill equipment on?

A

Pigs and sheep

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20
Q

Which voltages can head-only tongs be?

A

Low or high

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21
Q

Which species can you use fully automatic stun equipment on?

A

Pigs and cattle

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22
Q

Which voltages can fully automatic and head-to-body stun/kill equipment be?

A

High only

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23
Q

What are the three stages of an electric stun?

A

Tonic, clonic, recovery

24
Q

How long does the tonic phase last?

A

5-20s

25
Q

What 4 things happen during the tonic phase?

A

Collapses and become rigid, no rhythmic breathing, head raised, forelegs extended and hindlegs flexed

26
Q

What are four signs of the clonic phase?

A

Gradual muscle relaxation, paddling/kicking, downward eyeballs, urination/defecation

27
Q

How long does recovery take?

A

60-90s

28
Q

What are four signs of the recovery phase?

A

Normal breathing, response to painful stimuli, visually aware, attempts to stand

29
Q

What is the problem with cutting the carotid/jugular?

A

Too slow - recovery may have already started

30
Q

What is the advantage of chest sticking?

A

Faster

31
Q

What has been used to anaesthetise pigs since the 1950s?

A

CO2

32
Q

What is the use of gas to stun pigs known as?

A

Controlled atmosphere stunning

33
Q

How long does it take for pigs to become unconscious on CO2?

A

15s

34
Q

What gases can you use to stun pigs?

A

Argon, nitrogen, CO2

35
Q

Which species is CO2 used in?

A

Pigs and poultry

36
Q

What concentration CO2 is used?

A

90% and above

37
Q

What is excitation period like for CO2 stunning?

A

Slow

38
Q

What kind of carcase do you get after CO2 stun?

A

Relaxed

39
Q

What is an advantage and disadvantage of CO2 stunning?

A

High quality meat but high capital investment

40
Q

What is LAPS?

A

Low atmosphere pressure stunning

41
Q

How does LAPS work?

A

Vacuum pump reduces O2 tension to cause progressive anoxia

42
Q

After how long is EEG activity totally suppressed in LAPS?

A

60s

43
Q

How long is the carcase insensible in LAPS?

A

40s

44
Q

What happens to the animal during LAPS?

A

Heart rate decreases, then ataxia, then convulsions

45
Q

Is insensitivity before or after convulsions in LAPS?

A

Before

46
Q

Which arteries are severed during slaughter?

A

Carotid or brachiocephalic trunk

47
Q

How soon must bleeding be done?

A

15 seconds

48
Q

What happens if sticking is delayed?

A

Compromises meat quality

49
Q

What weight birds can have manual dislocation?

A

Less than 3kg

50
Q

How many birds per day can one person neck?

A

70

51
Q

Which weight birds can have mechanical dislocation?

A

Less than 5kg

52
Q

How soon must emergency killing be done?

A

ASAP

53
Q

What 4 things must be present in an abattoir?

A

SOPs, slaughter licenses, CCTV, Animal Welfare Officer

54
Q

Which abattoirs don’t need an AWO?

A

Less than 1000 units per year

55
Q

How long is grandfather rights for certificates of competence?

A

Three years

56
Q

Which certificates does the animal welfare officer need?

A

Certificates of competence for the operations they oversee

57
Q

In what 4 situations do slaughter regulations not apply?

A

Scientific experiments, hunting/recreation, cultural/sporting events, poultry/rabbits/hares slaughtered for consumption by their owner

VPH (32 decks)

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