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Dig > L21: Nutrition 1 > Flashcards

L21: Nutrition 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the examples of nutrients

A 
Proteins 
Fats 
Carbohydrate 
Water
Minerals
Vitamins
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2
Q

What is the basal metabolic rate

A

Number of calories needed at rest for body to function

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3
Q

What is the thermic effect of food

A

Energy required for the digestion and absorption of food

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4
Q

What are the 3 main processes that require energy

A

Basal metabolic rate
Thermic effect of food
Physical activity

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5
Q

What are the U.K. guideline daily amount of calorie intake for males and females

A

Males: 2500 kcal
Female: 2000 kcal

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6
Q

What are the types of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

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7
Q

What happens to fructose and galactose

A

Converted to glycogen and stored in the liver

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8
Q

Which hormone allows the uptake of glucose

A

Insulin

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9
Q

Which organ is glucose important for

A

The brain

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10
Q

How is glucose absorbed by the brain

A

Blood brain barrier

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11
Q

What is the process called that converts glucose to glycogen

A

Glycogenesis

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12
Q

What is the process called that converts glycogen back into the glucose

A

Glycogenolysis

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13
Q

How does a high glycaemic index affect digestion and absorption

A

Increase digestion and absorption

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14
Q

What are the factors that affect glycemic index

A

White will have high GI

Wholegrain will have low GI

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15
Q

What are the 3 types of fat found in the diet

A

Triglyceride
Phospholipids
Cholesterol

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16
Q

What are the 2 types fatty acids

A

Essential fatty acids

Non-essential fatty acids

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17
Q

What are the importance of essential fatty acids

A

Used in metabolic processes

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18
Q

What are non essential fatty acids used for

A

Calories at rest

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19
Q

From carbohydrates, proteins and fat which provides the most energy

A

Fat

20
Q

What are the functions of fat

A 
Source of energy but not for brain 
Part of cell membrane 
Protection 
Insulation 
Satiety: more fat you have reduces hunger 
Fat soluble vitamins 
Energy storage
21
Q

Which process metabolises fat

A

Beta oxidation

22
Q

What product does beta oxidation do and what happens to it

A

Acetly coa which continues the Krebs cycle

23
Q

Which source of food has a lot of protein

A

Animal meat than plants

24
Q

Can proteins in animal and vegetable be stored from one meal

A

No, excess amino acids cannot be stored

25
Q

How does grain interfere with the iron absorption

A

Phytates interfere iron absorption

26
Q

In which circumstance would you need to eat more protein

A

Pregnancy
Growth
Recovery

27
Q

Which circumstance take away protein from the body

A

Starvation
Trauma
Tissue destruction

28
Q

What are the protein function

A

Create an amino acid pool
Manufacture new protein
Build new tissue
Oxidised to produce energy in starvation or type 1 diabetes

29
Q

How is protein metabolised

A

Protein is Brocken down into amino acids
Amino acids are converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis
glucose enters the Krebs cycle

30
Q

What happens to the molecules in the fed state

A

Fats
Glucose
Amino acids

All are stored

31
Q

In the fasted state what happens to protein

A

They are converted to glucose

32
Q

In order list the highest fuel storage to lowest

A

Fat
Glycogen
Proteins

33
Q

Why is the energy of fat to get slow

A

Gat need a lot oxygen which makes the process slow

34
Q

Which 3 major organs is free fatty acid used for

A

Heart
Kidney
Liver

35
Q

What are the disadvantages of using fatty acids than glucose

A

More oxygen required
Beta oxidation generates superoxide
Rate of ATP generation is slower

36
Q

In prolonged excercise what is the source of energy

A

Glucose

Fat

37
Q

In short duration of excercise what is the source of energy

A

Glucose

38
Q

What are dietary fibres

A

Non-starch polysaccharides

39
Q

Are dietary fibres digestable

A

No

40
Q

What are the 2 types of dietary fibres

A

Insoluble

Soluble

41
Q

What condition does insoluble dietary fibre prevent

A

Constipation because it provides the bulk

42
Q

What does soluble fibre do

A

Absorb water and soften the stool

43
Q

What are the benefits of dietary fibre

A

Reduces dumping syndrome

Reduces bowel cancer risk

44
Q

What are micromolecules

A

Vitamins

Minerals

45
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin B complex

Vitamin c

46
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin A,E,D,K

47
Q

What are the minerals found within the body

A 
Fe
Ca
Mg
Na
K 
Zn

Dig (20 decks)

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