L21: Nutrition 1

Question 1

What are the examples of nutrients

Answer 1

Proteins 
Fats 
Carbohydrate 
Water
Minerals
Vitamins

Question 2

What is the basal metabolic rate

Answer 2

Number of calories needed at rest for body to function

Question 3

What is the thermic effect of food

Answer 3

Energy required for the digestion and absorption of food

Question 4

What are the 3 main processes that require energy

Answer 4

Basal metabolic rate
Thermic effect of food
Physical activity

Question 5

What are the U.K. guideline daily amount of calorie intake for males and females

Answer 5

Males: 2500 kcal
Female: 2000 kcal

Question 6

What are the types of carbohydrates

Answer 6

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

Question 7

What happens to fructose and galactose

Answer 7

Converted to glycogen and stored in the liver

Question 8

Which hormone allows the uptake of glucose

Answer 8

Insulin

Question 9

Which organ is glucose important for

Answer 9

The brain

Question 10

How is glucose absorbed by the brain

Answer 10

Blood brain barrier

Question 11

What is the process called that converts glucose to glycogen

Answer 11

Glycogenesis

Question 12

What is the process called that converts glycogen back into the glucose

Answer 12

Glycogenolysis

Question 13

How does a high glycaemic index affect digestion and absorption

Answer 13

Increase digestion and absorption

Question 14

What are the factors that affect glycemic index

Answer 14

White will have high GI

Wholegrain will have low GI

Question 15

What are the 3 types of fat found in the diet

Answer 15

Triglyceride
Phospholipids
Cholesterol

Question 16

What are the 2 types fatty acids

Answer 16

Essential fatty acids

Non-essential fatty acids

Question 17

What are the importance of essential fatty acids

Answer 17

Used in metabolic processes

Question 18

What are non essential fatty acids used for

Answer 18

Calories at rest

Question 19

From carbohydrates, proteins and fat which provides the most energy

Answer 19

Fat

Question 20

What are the functions of fat

Answer 20

Source of energy but not for brain 
Part of cell membrane 
Protection 
Insulation 
Satiety: more fat you have reduces hunger 
Fat soluble vitamins 
Energy storage

Question 21

Which process metabolises fat

Answer 21

Beta oxidation

Question 22

What product does beta oxidation do and what happens to it

Answer 22

Acetly coa which continues the Krebs cycle

Question 23

Which source of food has a lot of protein

Answer 23

Animal meat than plants

Question 24

Can proteins in animal and vegetable be stored from one meal

Answer 24

No, excess amino acids cannot be stored

Question 25

How does grain interfere with the iron absorption

Answer 25

Phytates interfere iron absorption

Question 26

In which circumstance would you need to eat more protein

Answer 26

Pregnancy Growth Recovery

Question 27

Which circumstance take away protein from the body

Answer 27

Starvation Trauma Tissue destruction

Question 28

What are the protein function

Answer 28

Create an amino acid pool Manufacture new protein Build new tissue Oxidised to produce energy in starvation or type 1 diabetes

Question 29

How is protein metabolised

Answer 29

Protein is Brocken down into amino acids Amino acids are converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis glucose enters the Krebs cycle

Question 30

What happens to the molecules in the fed state

Answer 30

Fats Glucose Amino acids All are stored

Question 31

In the fasted state what happens to protein

Answer 31

They are converted to glucose

Question 32

In order list the highest fuel storage to lowest

Answer 32

Fat Glycogen Proteins

Question 33

Why is the energy of fat to get slow

Answer 33

Gat need a lot oxygen which makes the process slow

Question 34

Which 3 major organs is free fatty acid used for

Answer 34

Heart Kidney Liver

Question 35

What are the disadvantages of using fatty acids than glucose

Answer 35

More oxygen required Beta oxidation generates superoxide Rate of ATP generation is slower

Question 36

In prolonged excercise what is the source of energy

Answer 36

Glucose | Fat

Question 37

In short duration of excercise what is the source of energy

Answer 37

Glucose

Question 38

What are dietary fibres

Answer 38

Non-starch polysaccharides

Question 39

Are dietary fibres digestable

Answer 39

No

Question 40

What are the 2 types of dietary fibres

Answer 40

Insoluble | Soluble

Question 41

What condition does insoluble dietary fibre prevent

Answer 41

Constipation because it provides the bulk

Question 42

What does soluble fibre do

Answer 42

Absorb water and soften the stool

Question 43

What are the benefits of dietary fibre

Answer 43

Reduces dumping syndrome | Reduces bowel cancer risk

Question 44

What are micromolecules

Answer 44

Vitamins | Minerals

Question 45

What are the water soluble vitamins

Answer 45

Vitamin B complex | Vitamin c

Question 46

What are the fat soluble vitamins

Answer 46

Vitamin A,E,D,K

Question 47

What are the minerals found within the body

Answer 47

``` Fe Ca Mg Na K Zn ```