L02: Gross Anatomy Of The Digestive Tract And Peritoneal Coverings

Question 1

What are the 5 processes of the digestive system

Answer 1

Ingestion: take in food  
Digestion: breakdown food into smaller substances 
Absorption: food taken into the cells 
Assimilation: provide energy 
Egestion: removal of undigested food

Question 2

When the food is taken in which tube does it travel first

Answer 2

Oesophagus

Question 3

Where does the food go after the oesophagus

Answer 3

Stomach

Question 4

Where does the food go after the stomach

Answer 4

Small intestine

Question 5

Where does the food go after the small intestine

Answer 5

Large intestine

Question 6

What are the valves of the digestive sytem

Answer 6

Anal spinchter

Gastro-oesophageal sphincter

Question 7

What is the anatomical boundaries of the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 7

Superior border: diaphragm
Anterior border: 
superior: abdominal muscles 
inferior: anterior border of the bony pelvis 
Posterior border:
Superior: ribs and vertebral column 
Inferior: pelvic floor and perineum 
Lateral:
Supero-lateral : ribs 
Inferno-lateral: thigh

Question 8

What are the quadrants of the abdomen

Answer 8

Right upper
Left upper
Right lower
Left lower

Question 9

What is the linea alba

Answer 9

Point from xyphoid process and pubic symphisis

Question 10

What point does the horizontal line run through

Answer 10

The umbilicus

Question 11

Which major organs are in the right upper quadrant

Answer 11

Liver
Gallbladder
Duodenum
Common bile duct

Question 12

Which major organs are in the left upper quadrant

Answer 12

Pancreas
Stomach
Pancreatic duct

Question 13

Which major organs are in the right lower quadrant

Answer 13

Transverse colon 
Ascending colon 
Cecum 
Appendix 
Ileum

Question 14

Which major organs are in the left lower quadrant

Answer 14

Transverse colon 
Descending colon 
Anus 
Rectum 
Ileum

Question 15

What are the 9 abdominal regions

Answer 15

Right hypochondriac region 
Epigastric region 
Left hypochondriac region 
Right lumbar region 
Umbilical region 
Left lumbar region 
Right iliac region 
Hypogastric region 
Left iliac region

Question 16

What are the 2 horizontal lines called

Answer 16

Subcostal plane

Trans tubercular plane

Question 17

What are the point of reference for subcostal plane

Answer 17

Left to right rib cage 10 costal cartilage

Question 18

What is the point of reference for the trans-tubercular plane

Answer 18

Two tubercles of the iliac crest

Question 19

What are the layers of the abdominal wall from superficial to deep

Answer 19

Skin 
Campers fascia 
Scarpa fascia 
Superficial Investing deep fascia 
External oblique 
Intermediate Investing deep fascia 
Internal oblique 
Deep Investing deep fascia 
Transverse abdominis 
Endoabdominal fascia 
Extra peritoneal fat 
Parietal peritoneum

Question 20

Which fascia from campers or scarpa fascia contains fat

Answer 20

Camper fascia

Question 21

What is peritoneum

Answer 21

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 22

What are the 2 types of the peritoneum

Answer 22

Parietal

Visceral

Question 23

What are the 2 sacs in the peritoneal cavity

Answer 23

Greater sac

Lesser sac

Question 24

What is a clinical signifance of the lesser sac

Answer 24

Peptic ulcers can leak into the lesser sac

Question 25

Where does the lesser sac sit

Answer 25

Posterior to the stomach

Question 26

What leads into the lesser sac

Answer 26

The epiploic foramen of Winslow

Question 27

Where is the pancreas

Answer 27

Behind the lesser sac

Question 28

What does the parietal peritoneum cover

Answer 28

Lines the internal surface of the abdominal wall

Question 29

What does the visceral peritoneum cover

Answer 29

Visceral organs

Question 30

What nervous system is the parietal peritoneum innervated by

Answer 30

Sensory division of Somatic nervous system

Question 31

What is the visceral peritoneum innervated by

Answer 31

Sensory division of the autonomic nervous system

Question 32

What are retroperitoneal organs

Answer 32

The organs lying posterior to the parietal peritoneum

Question 33

An example of an retroperitoneal organs

Answer 33

Kidney

Question 34

What is a ligament of the abdomen

Answer 34

A double fold of visceral peritoneum that joins two abdominal organs A double fold of visceral peritoneum that attaches a visceral organ to the posterior abdominal wall

Question 35

What is an omentum

Answer 35

A double fold of peritoneum that starts on the greater and lesser curvatures of the stomach to connect to other abdominal viscera

Question 36

What is between the omentum

Answer 36

Fat White blood cells Peritoneal fluid

Question 37

What is the lesser omentum

Answer 37

Lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver

Question 38

What is a mesentery

Answer 38

A double fold of peritoneum starting on the intestines and ending back on the intestine and containing neurovascular structures

Question 39

What are the colic compartment

Answer 39

Supracolic | Infracolic

Question 40

What is the supra and infrac colic compartment divided by

Answer 40

Transverse mesocolon