L13: Inflammation Flashcards
What is the most common symptom for acute inflammation
Diarrhoea
What are the 4 types of diarrhoea
Secretory
Hypermotility
Defective ion transport
Osmotic
What are the causes of acute inflammation
Bacterial
Pathogenic
Travellers tummy
Irritable bowel syndrome
What is a source of bacteria
Uncooked food
What is travellers tummy
Patient goes abroad
What is coeliac disease
Inappropriate responce to gluten that leads to villous atrophy
What is the cause of irritable bowel syndrome
Multifactorial (genetic and environmental)
What is Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
Irritable bowel syndrome
Which inflammatory marker is high in a IBS patient
Calprotectin
Where is calprotectin found in
Neutrophils
Why is there a high level of calprotectin in IBS patient
Patients have a permeable gut so neutrophils containing the calprotectin escape into the gut
From what source do we detect high levels of calprotectin from
Faeces of a patient
What is the difference between where ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease appear
Ulcerative colitis: appears in rectum
Crohn’s disease: appears anywhere from mouth to anus
What is the difference of layers affected in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis: affects on the mucosa (inner layer) of intestine
Crohn’s disease: affects all the layers of intestine
What is the treatment for ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease
Steroid
Anti-inflammatories called aminosalicylates
Immunosuppressants called azathioprine
Biologics called anti-TNFa
What is the surgical treatment for ulcerative colitis
Colectomy - remove colon
Protocolectomy- put into ileo-anal pouch
What is the surgical treatment for Crohn’s disease
Segmental resection
What is the definition of diarrhoea
Loss of fluid and solutes from the gastrointestinal tract in excess of 500mL/day
What is secretory diarrhoea
Toxin causes a rise in CAMP
CAMP inhibits the absorption of sodium/H or CL/HCO3
This creates an osmotic potential so h20 flows out of the gut
What is hypermotility diarrhoea
Increased motility in GIT
Water gets delivered into the colon
What is defective ion transport colon
Sodium transport is not efficient due to bile inhibiting the transport
Osmotic potential is created
Water is drawn into the colon
What is osmotic diarrhoea
Hypertonic fluid in intestinal lumen draws water into the colon
What is the therapy for mild travellers tummy
Loperamide
What is the therapy form severe travellers tummy
Antibiotics
