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Dig > L09: Digestion And Absorption Of Fat > Flashcards

L09: Digestion And Absorption Of Fat Flashcards

1
Q

In fasted state what is the source of energy we use

A

Fat

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2
Q

How do we get the energy from fat when fasting

A

Beta oxidation

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3
Q

Describe the process of beta oxidation

A

1) free fatty acid is converted to fatty acetyl coA
2) fatty acetyl coA enters beta oxidation
3) oxidation of fatty acetyl coA occurs which gives FADH2
4) hydration
5) oxidation to give NADH
6) cleavage to give Acetyl coA which enters the kerbs cycle for more energy

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4
Q

Why is fat important for the vitamin absorption

A

Vitamins are fat soluble so we need fat to absorb them

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5
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins found in the body

A

Vitamin A, D, E, K

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6
Q

Why is vitamin A important

A

Vision

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7
Q

What is the importance of vitamin D

A

In your diet you get D3 which is converted to the active form of 1,25D3 by the liver and kidney

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8
Q

What does Vitamin D deficiency lead to

A

Rickets
Osteoporosis
Forms of cancer

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9
Q

What is the importance of vitamin E

A

Antitoxidant Protection against cardiovascular disease and cancer

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10
Q

What does Vitamin E deficiency lead to

A

Poor nerve conduction

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11
Q

What is the importance of Vitamin K

A

Blood clotting

Calcium binding

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12
Q

Where is vitamin K made

A

Intestinal bacteria and food

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13
Q

What are the 3 fatty acids in the body

A

1) linoleic acid
2) linolenic acid
3) arachidonic acid

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14
Q

What is the importance of fatty acids

A 
Brain 
Nervous system 
Cell membrane function 
Blood pressure 
Inflammatory responce
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15
Q

What can fatty acid deficiency give

A 
High blood pressure 
Impaired vision 
Haemorrhaging dermatitis 
Dry skin 
Immune deficiency
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16
Q

What is the 3 types of fat we have in the body

A

Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Cholesterol

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17
Q

Describe the structure of a triglyceride

A

Glycerol

3 fatty acid

18
Q

Describe the structure of a phospholipid

A

Polar group
Phosphate
Glycerol
2 fatty acid

19
Q

What is the endogenous source of fat in the body

A

Bile

20
Q

What does bile contain

A

Phospholipids
Unesterified chlosterol
Membrane lipids
Lipids from dead colonic bacteria

21
Q

Which enzyme emulsifies fat

A

Lipase

22
Q

Name 4 processes that carry out emulsification

A

Food prep
Chewing and gastric churning
Gastric contents into the duodenum
Intestinal peristalsis

23
Q

What does coalescing mean

A

To come together and form one big mass

24
Q

Where does lipid digestion start

A

In the mouth

25
Q

What Enzyme digests lipids

A

Lingual lipase in mouth

Lingual lipase and gastric lipase in stomach

26
Q

What product does lipid digestion give

A

Single fatty acid and diglyceride

27
Q

What type of fatty acids does gastric lipase not absorb at the stomach

A

Long fatty acid

28
Q

What happens when fatty acid reaches the duodenum

A

1) I cells detect fatty acid and release CCK
2) CCK stimulates the flow of bile into the duodenum
3) CCK stimulate the secretion of pancreatic enzymes

29
Q

What is the role of pancreatic enzymes

A

Pancreatic lipase digest fat

30
Q

How is pancreatic lipase activated

A

Zymogen is activated by trypsin

31
Q

What are the other pancreatic enzymes that can hydrolyse fat

A

Carboxyl ester hydrolase

Phospholipase A2

32
Q

How does fatty acid enter enterocytes by leaving the mixed micelle

A

Non ionic diffusion
Collision and in operation of fatty acid into cell membrane
Active carrier

33
Q

Where are bile salts recycled

A

Terminal ileum

34
Q

Which type of fatty acid has no problem entering the enterocyte and blood

A

Short and medium fatty acid

35
Q

What happens when long fatty acids enter enterocyte

A

Bind to fatty acid binding protein to stop leaking back
Fatty acid binding protein directs fatty acid to SER
SER converts fatty acid back to triglycerides
Apoproteins made in the RER are taken to SER
Apoprotein bind to fat droplet to form chylomicrons
Chylomicron are released out of the enterocytes into the lymph

36
Q

What are the 2 pathways of re-esterification in the enterocyte

A

1) monoglyceride pathway

2) phosphatidic acid pathway

37
Q

What is the monoglyceride pathway

A

When 2 monoglyceride enter the enterocyte

38
Q

When does phosphatidic acid pathway occur

A

When you have long chain fatty acid

39
Q

What happens to chylomicrons

A

They find their way to endothelial surface where lipoprotein lipase hydrolysed triglycerides in the chylomicron

40
Q

What are the different types of chylomicrons

A

LDLs
HDLs
VLDLs

41
Q

What is the treatment for obesity

A

Orlistat

42
Q

What does orlistat do

A

Inhibit lipase

Dig (20 decks)

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