L03: Functions Of The Mouth And Oesophagus

Question 1

What are the 4 types of salivary glands

Answer 1

Assessory parotid gland
Sublingual gland
Parotid gland
Submandibular gland

Question 2

What do salivary glands secrete

Answer 2

Amylase or lipase

Question 3

What cells does salivary glands contain

Answer 3

Acinar cells
Ductal cells
Goblet cells

Question 4

What do Acinar cells in salivary glands do

Answer 4

Produce enzyme of amylase and lipase

Question 5

What do ductal cells do in salivary glands

Answer 5

Modify the fluid produced by acinar cells

Question 6

What is the total volume of saliva produced in an average adult in 24 hours

Answer 6

1.5 litres

Question 7

Why is saliva important

Answer 7

Lubrication
Hydration
Cytoprotection
Immune function

Question 8

Name two salivary gland disease

Answer 8

Sjögren’s syndrome

MUMPs virus

Question 9

What is the Sjögren’s syndrome

Answer 9

An autoimmune attack of salivary glands which results in dry mouth

Question 10

What is MUMPs

Answer 10

Enlargement of the parotid gland due to a blockage

Question 11

From the autonomic system which nervous system controls the secretion of glands

Answer 11

Parasympathetic

Question 12

Which cranial nerve controls the submandibular gland

Answer 12

Fascial nerve (CN12)

Question 13

Which cranial nerve controls the parotid gland

Answer 13

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9)

Question 14

Which other nervous system from the autonomic system can become involved in the control of secretion of glands and how

Answer 14

Sympathetic nervous system by vasoconstricting blood vessels for thick mucous production

Question 15

What are the 4 phases of swallowing

Answer 15

Oral preparatory
Oral
Pharyngeal
Oesophageal

Question 16

What are the causes of GORD

Answer 16

Obesity
Hiatus hernia
Pregnancy
Zollinger Ellison syndrome

Question 17

What are the symptoms of GORD

Answer 17

Heart burn 
Dysphagia 
Cough 
Chronic earache 
Horseness

Question 18

What other conditions can GORD develop into

Answer 18

Osephagitis
Barrett’s metaplasia
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma

Question 19

How do you diagnose GORD

Answer 19

24 hour PH monitoring

Endoscopy

Question 20

What are the conservative treatments of GORD

Answer 20

Weight loss
Avoid food at bedtime
Decrease alcohol
Raise head of bed

Question 21

What is the medical treatment for GORD

Answer 21

Proton pump inhibitors
Antacids
Aliginates

Question 22

What is the surgical treatment for GORD

Answer 22

Antireflux surgery

Repair hiatus hernia

Question 23

What is Barretts metaplasia

Answer 23

Normal squamous oesophageal epithelium turn into simple columnar epithelium

Question 24

What are the 2 types of oesophageal cancer

Answer 24

Squamous cell carcinoma

Adenomocarcinoma

Question 25

What is achalasia

Answer 25

Failure to relax due to loss of Myenteric plexus at lower oesophageal sphincter

Question 26

What is the treatment for achalasia

Answer 26

Oesophageal dilation | Botox injection of LOS

Question 27

How do salivary secretions play an important role in protection of pathogens

Answer 27

IgA: antibodies bind to antigens Lactoferrin: bind to iron Lysosome: carry out cell lysis

Question 28

What is the role of goblet cells

Answer 28

Produce mucous

Question 29

How do ductal cells modify secretion

Answer 29

Secrete potassium and hydrogen carbonate cells for an alkaline condition which protects the mouth

Question 30

What are the 2 types of hiatus hernia

Answer 30

Rolling | Sliding

Question 31

Which hiatus hernia is the most common

Answer 31

Sliding

Question 32

What condition can a patient with Barrett’s metaplasia develop

Answer 32

Oesophageal adenocarcinoma

Question 33

Which type of oesophageal cancer has no association with Barrett’s metaplasia

Answer 33

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 34

Where does squamous cell carcinoma occur

Answer 34

Mid and upper oesophagus

Question 35

Where does adenocarcinoma occur

Answer 35

Gastro-oesophageal junction where you get reflux