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Dig > L03: Functions Of The Mouth And Oesophagus > Flashcards

L03: Functions Of The Mouth And Oesophagus Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of salivary glands

A

Assessory parotid gland
Sublingual gland
Parotid gland
Submandibular gland

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2
Q

What do salivary glands secrete

A

Amylase or lipase

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3
Q

What cells does salivary glands contain

A

Acinar cells
Ductal cells
Goblet cells

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4
Q

What do Acinar cells in salivary glands do

A

Produce enzyme of amylase and lipase

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5
Q

What do ductal cells do in salivary glands

A

Modify the fluid produced by acinar cells

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6
Q

What is the total volume of saliva produced in an average adult in 24 hours

A

1.5 litres

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7
Q

Why is saliva important

A

Lubrication
Hydration
Cytoprotection
Immune function

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8
Q

Name two salivary gland disease

A

Sjögren’s syndrome

MUMPs virus

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9
Q

What is the Sjögren’s syndrome

A

An autoimmune attack of salivary glands which results in dry mouth

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10
Q

What is MUMPs

A

Enlargement of the parotid gland due to a blockage

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11
Q

From the autonomic system which nervous system controls the secretion of glands

A

Parasympathetic

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12
Q

Which cranial nerve controls the submandibular gland

A

Fascial nerve (CN12)

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13
Q

Which cranial nerve controls the parotid gland

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9)

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14
Q

Which other nervous system from the autonomic system can become involved in the control of secretion of glands and how

A

Sympathetic nervous system by vasoconstricting blood vessels for thick mucous production

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15
Q

What are the 4 phases of swallowing

A

Oral preparatory
Oral
Pharyngeal
Oesophageal

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16
Q

What are the causes of GORD

A

Obesity
Hiatus hernia
Pregnancy
Zollinger Ellison syndrome

17
Q

What are the symptoms of GORD

A 
Heart burn 
Dysphagia 
Cough 
Chronic earache 
Horseness
18
Q

What other conditions can GORD develop into

A

Osephagitis
Barrett’s metaplasia
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma

19
Q

How do you diagnose GORD

A

24 hour PH monitoring

Endoscopy

20
Q

What are the conservative treatments of GORD

A

Weight loss
Avoid food at bedtime
Decrease alcohol
Raise head of bed

21
Q

What is the medical treatment for GORD

A

Proton pump inhibitors
Antacids
Aliginates

22
Q

What is the surgical treatment for GORD

A

Antireflux surgery

Repair hiatus hernia

23
Q

What is Barretts metaplasia

A

Normal squamous oesophageal epithelium turn into simple columnar epithelium

24
Q

What are the 2 types of oesophageal cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

Adenomocarcinoma

25
Q

What is achalasia

A

Failure to relax due to loss of Myenteric plexus at lower oesophageal sphincter

26
Q

What is the treatment for achalasia

A

Oesophageal dilation

Botox injection of LOS

27
Q

How do salivary secretions play an important role in protection of pathogens

A

IgA: antibodies bind to antigens
Lactoferrin: bind to iron
Lysosome: carry out cell lysis

28
Q

What is the role of goblet cells

A

Produce mucous

29
Q

How do ductal cells modify secretion

A

Secrete potassium and hydrogen carbonate cells for an alkaline condition which protects the mouth

30
Q

What are the 2 types of hiatus hernia

A

Rolling

Sliding

31
Q

Which hiatus hernia is the most common

A

Sliding

32
Q

What condition can a patient with Barrett’s metaplasia develop

A

Oesophageal adenocarcinoma

33
Q

Which type of oesophageal cancer has no association with Barrett’s metaplasia

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

34
Q

Where does squamous cell carcinoma occur

A

Mid and upper oesophagus

35
Q

Where does adenocarcinoma occur

A

Gastro-oesophageal junction where you get reflux

Dig (20 decks)

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