L06 Functions And Secretion Of The Pancreas

Question 1

What type of a gland is a pancreas

Answer 1

Endocrine and exocrine gland

Question 2

What are the ducts that make up the major duodenal papilla

Answer 2

Common pancreatic duct

Major bile duct

Question 3

What is the name of the spinchter that allows into the major duodenal papilla

Answer 3

Sphincter of oddi

Question 4

What are the cells of the pancreas

Answer 4

Acinar cells

Question 5

Where are the acinar cells

Answer 5

Acinus

Question 6

How are many acinar cells connected

Answer 6

Intercalated ducts

Question 7

What do acinar cells secrete

Answer 7

Zymogen

Question 8

Is zymogen an active or inactive enzyme

Answer 8

Inactive

Question 9

Which cell modify zymogen so it does not block the ducts

Answer 9

Pancreatic duct epithelial cells

Question 10

Which cells produce mucous

Answer 10

Goblet cells

Question 11

What are the 2 signals that make zymogen in acinar cells

Answer 11

Ach and cck which activate PKC and release calcium

VIP and secretin activate adenyl cyclase leading to camp and activated PKA

Question 12

What are the other pancreas cells

Answer 12

Acinar duct cells

Question 13

What is the role of acinar duct cells

Answer 13

Adds bicarbonate to neutralise acidic cyme for enzymes to operate in neutral ph

Question 14

What are the stimuli of acinar ductal cells

Answer 14

Ach

Secretin

Question 15

How does acinar duct cell have bicarbonate secretion

Answer 15

1) carbon dioxide and water join with carbonic an hydrase to from h2co3
2) h2co3 dissociates to give hco3- and h+
3) hco3- goes into the lumen of the duct by chloride bicarbonate exchanger
4) secretin stimulates CFTR channels to allow chloride recycling
5) ach also triggers CFTR channels

Question 16

What is cystic fibrosis

Answer 16

Mutation of the CFTR channel

Question 17

What can cystic fibrosis lead to

Answer 17

Pancreatic damage

Question 18

Why does cystic fibrosis lead to pancreatic damage

Answer 18

Protein secretion become thick and block the ducts

Question 19

What cell secretes cck in response to fat

Answer 19

I cells

Question 20

Where are i cell located in the body

Answer 20

Duodenum

Question 21

Name an inhibitor of pancreatic secretion

Answer 21

Somatostatin

Question 22

What are the phases of pancreatic secretion

Answer 22

Cephallic
Gastric
Intestinal

Question 23

Which cell secretes somatostatin

Answer 23

D cell

Question 24

How does the pancreas prevent autodigestion by enzymes

Answer 24

Zymogen is inactive and ends up in small bowl
Enterokinase converts trypsinogen to trypsin
Trypsin converts inactive zymogen to active zymogen

Question 25

What structures does acinar cells package zymogen into

Answer 25

Impermeable granules

Question 26

What is an inhibitor of trypsin

Answer 26

SPINK1

Question 27

What are the causes of acute pancreatisis

Answer 27

GET SMASHED 
Gall  stone 
Ethanol 
Trauma 
Steroids 
Mumps 
Autoimmune 
Scorpion sting 
Hypercalcemia 
ERCP 
Drugs

Question 28

How do you diagnose acute pancreatic

Answer 28

CT Scan
High levels of amylase or lipase
Abdominal pain in epigastric region

Question 29

What are the 3 phases of pancreatisis

Answer 29

1) premature activation of trypsin
2) intra-pancreatic inflammation
3) extra pancreatic inflammation including systemic sepsis and multi organ failure

Question 30

What is the treatment of acute pancreatitis

Answer 30

IV fluid 
Pain relived 
Ultrasound for gall stone 
CTscan 
ERCP

Question 31

What is chronic pancreatitis

Answer 31

Inflammation of the pancreas that does not heal

Question 32

What are the causes of chronic pancreatisis

Answer 32

Alcohol
Cystic fibrosis
Hypercalcaemia
Hyperlipidemia

Question 33

What is the treatment for chronic pancreatisis

Answer 33

IV hydration
Low fat diet
ERCP