L05: Anatomy And Function Of The Liver

Question 1

What are the lobes of the liver

Answer 1

Left
Right
Quadrate
Caudate

Question 2

What ligament separates the lobes

Answer 2

Falciform ligament

Question 3

Which structure is the quadrate lobe located near to

Answer 3

Gallbladder

Question 4

What the variations of the lobe that you can get

Answer 4

Accessory lobe

Question 5

Where is bile made

Answer 5

Liver

Question 6

Where is bile stored

Answer 6

Gallbladder

Question 7

Which duct does the bile drain out from

Answer 7

Common bile duct

Question 8

Where does the bile drain into after the gallbladder

Answer 8

Duodenum

Question 9

What is the spinchter called that opens into the duodenum

Answer 9

Hepaticpancreatic sphincter

Question 10

What can the live be separated into

Answer 10

Segments

Question 11

What does the segments of the liver get divided into

Answer 11

Lobule/acinus

Question 12

What are lobule/acinus composed of

Answer 12

Plates of hepatocytes
Sinusoid drainage
Inlet and exit blood vessels
Bile canalliculi

Question 13

What is the blood supply of the liver

Answer 13

Portal vein

Hepatic artery

Question 14

Which vein does the blood drain from in the liver

Answer 14

Hepatic vein into the inferior vena cava

Question 15

When blood enters the lobule what does it mix into

Answer 15

Sinusoid

Question 16

In disease what can happen to the lobules

Answer 16

Cirrhosis

Question 17

What is cirrhosis

Answer 17

Build up of connective tissue

Question 18

What structure does an acinus have

Answer 18

Same structure of a lobule but blood supply comes from the middle and not the edge

Question 19

What is the role of an hepatocytes

Answer 19

Makes bile to become stored in the gall bladder

Question 20

What is the role of biliary epithelium cells

Answer 20

Modify and protect the liver

Question 21

What is the role of endothelium cells

Answer 21

Line the hepatic vasculature and filter fluids

Question 22

What is the role of kupffer cells

Answer 22

Remove endotoxins, phagocytosis and produce cytokines

Question 23

Where is kupffer cells located

Answer 23

Within the sinusoids

Question 24

What is the role of Stellate cells

Answer 24

Store vitamins
Help vessels to contract
In disease proliferate and produce connective tissue during fibrosis

Question 25

What does liver cirrhosis lead to

Answer 25

Sepsis 
Renal failure 
Splenomegaly 
Portal hypertension 
Varices in the oesophagus

Question 26

What are the causes of liver cirrhosis

Answer 26

Viral hepatitis
Alcohol
Obesity

Question 27

How does viral hepatitis cause liver cirrhosis

Answer 27

Liver inflammation creates a strong immune system to kill the virus
Strong immune response causes hepatitis

Question 28

How does drinking excess alcohol lead to liver cirrhosis

Answer 28

Alcohol causes toxic injury which kills cells

This creates an inflammatory responce

Question 29

How does obesity cause liver cirrhosis

Answer 29

Fat accumulation causes fatty liver

Question 30

What is the management of liver disease

Answer 30

Vaccination
Target stellate cells
Modify immune response
Diet and exercise

Question 31

What are the digestive functions of the liver

Answer 31

Carbohydrate and fat metabolism
Storage of vitamins (D) and fat
Detoxification by phase 1 (P450) and phase (conjugation)

Question 32

What are the synthetic functions of the liver

Answer 32

Production of 
Albumin 
Fibronectin 
Plasminogen 
Alpha 1 antitrypsin 
Transferrin 
Hepcidin