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Dig > L07: Absorption Of Ions And Water > Flashcards

L07: Absorption Of Ions And Water Flashcards

1
Q

What structures does the small intestine have

A

Crypts axis

Villus

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2
Q

How is the surface area of the small intestine increased

A

Fold of kercking
Villi
Microvilli

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3
Q

Where is microvilli found

A

On the apical surface of epithelial cells and crypts

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4
Q

How many litres of absorption does the small intestine take in

A

6.5 litres

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5
Q

How many litres of absorption does the large intestine take in

A

1.9 litres

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6
Q

To take in water what ion do we need

A

Sodium

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7
Q

How does sodium allow water absorption

A

Creates a hypertonic intercellular space to allow osmotic flow into the space

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8
Q

What are the 4 mechanisms of absorbing sodium

A

1) sodium/glucose transport
2) sodium-H exchange
3) parallel sodium-H and CL-HCO3 exchanger
3) epithelial sodium channels

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9
Q

Describe the detail of the sodium/glucose transporter

A

1) on the basolateral membrane a sodium/potassium pump (ATP) to bring sodium out
2) this sets an electrochemical gradient
3) sodium/glucose transporter brings sodium and glucose into the cell

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10
Q

Describe the detail of the sodium-H exchanger

A

1) on the basolateral membrane sodium/potassium pump sets an electrochemical gradient
2) sodium-h exchanger brings sodium in and exchanges for H+ that goes out

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11
Q

Describe the detail of the parallel sodium-H and CL-HCO3 exchange

A

1) on the basolateral surface sodium/potassium pump creates an electrochemical gradient
2) sodium/hydrogen exchanger brings in sodium and hydrogen out
3) hydrogen is from the reaction of carbon dioxide and water with carbonic anhydrase which dissociates to give hydrogen and bicarbonate
4) CL-HCO3 exchanger brings in chloride and bicarbonate out from the carbonic anhydrase reaction

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12
Q

Describe the detail of epithelial sodium channel

A

1) aldosterone opens sodium channels to bring in sodium

2) on the basolateral surface sodium/potassium pump give out the sodium

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13
Q

In what condition is the sodium-H exchanger important

A

When the lumen ph is high, sodium/h exchanger lowers the ph

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14
Q

In which condition does the parallel sodium/h and Cl/HCO3 exchanger occur

A

Fed state

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15
Q

What inhibits the sodium/hydrogen and CL/HCO3 exchanger

A

CAMP
CGMO
Ca2+

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16
Q

Which 3 mechanisms allow the absorption of chloride

A

Passive chloride absorption
parallel sodium/hydrogen and CL/HCO3 exchanger
CL/HCO3 exchanger

17
Q

What is congenital chloridorrhea

A

Congenital absence of CL/HCO3 exchanger

18
Q

What symptom does congenital chloridorrhea result in

A

Diarrhoea

19
Q

What is the treatment for congenital chloridorrhea

A

Proton pump inhibitor

20
Q

What are the 2 chemical mediators that regulate intestinal transport

A

Absoptagogues

Secretagogues

21
Q

What does absorptagogues promote

A

Absorption

22
Q

What does secretagogues promote

A

Secretion-diarrhoea

23
Q

What are the absorptagogoues

A

Renin, angiotensin and aldosterone axis
Aldosterone enhance up-regulation of sodium/hydrogen exchanger
Aldosterone enhances epithelial sodium channels

24
Q

What are the 4 categories of secretagogues

A

Bacterial enterotoxins
Hormones and neurotransmitter
Products of cells of the immune system
Laxatives

25
Q

What is the net uptake of calcium a day

A

175mg per day

26
Q

What are the types of transport involved for the uptake of calcium

A

Active

Passive

27
Q

Which type of transport is under the control of VDR

A

Active

28
Q

What does VDR stand for

A

Vitamin D receptor

29
Q

What happens to vitamin D3 when it is consumed in the diet

A

1) vitamin D3 converted to 1,25D3 in kidney or liver
2) 1,25D3 binds to VDR
3) calcium channel causes calcium influx
4) calcium binds to calbindin
5) calcium gets pumps out of the body by calcium/h and sodium/ca exchanger

30
Q

What is the treatment for rickets

A

Vitamin D supplements

Sunshine

Dig (20 decks)

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