Know your Parasites Fam Flashcards
Plasmodium
Blood and tissue protozoa
*transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes
4 species P. Falicparum, P. vixvax, P. ovale and P. malariae
Leishmania
Blood and tissue protozoa
- transmitted by sandflies
- leads to visceral, cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
Trypanosoma
Blood and tissue protozoa
- In Africa- Sleeping sickness( via Tsetse fly)
- In South America- Chaga’s disease( via Reduviid bug)
Toxoplasma gondii
Blood and tissue protozoa
- transmitted by the ingestion of oocyst from cat faeces.
- leads to serve manifestations, neonatal toxoplasmosis
Naegleria fowlerio
Free living Amoeba
- found in freshwater, lakes and streams,
- causes fatal brain infection Primary acute meningoencephalitis
Acanthamoeba
Free living Amoeba
- found in environmental water sources, transmitted in contact lens
- Infection of the eye causing keratitis resulting in pain
Ascaris Lumbricoides
common roundworn
- infects 25% of human pop.
- enhance morbidity for other infections
- Larvae( Asthma or pneumonia)
- Adult( Diarrhea, GI symptoms)
Ascaris
Roundworm, Intestinal nematode
- Found in condition of poor hygiene, transmitted by fecal -oral route
- Lives in small intestine
- causes eosinophilia
Enterobius
Pinworm, Intestinal nematode
- prevalent in cold temps
- found mainly in children
Trichuris
Whipworm, Intestinal nematode
- soil transmitted
- warm, humid condition
- causes diarrhoea, rectal prolapse and anaemia
Ancylostoma and Necator
Hookworm, Intestinal nematode
- major cause of anaemia in the tropics
Strongyloides
Intestinal nematode
- inhabits the small bowel
- more serve in immunosuppressed people
Toxocara
Tissue nematodes
- worldwide infection of cat and dogs
- Common in children can cause visceral larva migrans
Trichinella
Tissue nematodes
- Consumption of poorly cooked meat
- Encysted larvae in striated muscle, symptoms depend on location
Onchocerca Volvulus
Filarial nematode
- transmitted by Simulium( black fly)
- causes visual impairment and blindness, itching
Wuchereria bancroft
Filarial nematode
*major cause of lymphatic filariasis
Bruia malayi
Filarial nematode
- causes lymphatic filariasis
Fasciolopsis buski
Intestinal fluke, tremadoes
- common in human in pigs in Southeast Asia
- large and lives in upper intestine
- chronic infection lead to inflammation and ulceration and haemorrhage of the small intestine
Paragonimus westermani
Lung fluke,tremadoes
- Far east and Southeast Asia
- ingestion of raw or pickled crastacean
Fasciola hepatica
Liver Fluke,tremadoes
- parasite of sheep and humans
- ingest metacercariae on watercrest
- lives in intrahepatic bile ducts of liver, Fascioliasis causes serve anemia in humans
Clonorchis sinensis
Chinese liver fluke, tremadoes
- Wide Spread in Southeast Asia
- Ingestion of raw or pickled fish
S. japonicum and S. manosoni
Blood Fluke, Schistosoma
- can penetrate though skin
- localize to mesenteric veins
- eggs in stool
S. haematobium
Blood Fluke, Schistosoma
- can penetrate though skin
- Veins around bladder
- eggs in urine
Taenia saginata
Beef tape worm, Cestodes
- ingest of uncooked beef
- minimal symptoms
Taenia solium
Pork tapeworm, Cestodes
*ingestion of uncooked pork that contain cysticerci
Echinococcus granulosus
Dog tapeworm, Cestodes
- Hydatid disease in larval stages
- Develops and causes space occupying lesions in liver or brain
Echinococcus multilocularis
Dog tapeworm, Cestodes
- Hydatid disease in larval stages
- Develops and causes space occupying lesions in liver or brain
Entamoeba histolytica
Protozoa, via fecal oral
- uses pseudopodia for locomation
- invades colon causing bloody stool, liver abscess
- reproduces asexaully
Giardia lamblia
Protozoa, via fecal oral
- Flagellated
- World wide distribution
- Lives in small intestine resulting in malabsorption
- Reproduces asexually
Balantidium Coli
Protozoa, via fecal oral
- Large ciliated parasite
- lives in colon of humans, pigs, rodents
- causes colonic ulceration
- reproduces asexaully
Cryptosporidium parvum
Protozoa, via fecal oral
- NON-motile
- Present in immunocompromised patients
- reproduces SEXUALLY
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Protozoa, via fecal oral
- NON-motile
- small intestinal mucosa
- causes diarrhea
- reproduces SEXUALLY
Trichomonas vaginalis
Protozoa, via fecal oral
- Flagellated
- sexually transmitted
- reproduces asexually
