8. Study Designs-Oberservational Flashcards
John is a very excited and high performing student. To show off how smart he is he decides to do a Observational study. Which study type should he choose to have the highest strength of epidemiologic evidence for his study.
A. Cohort Studies B. Descriptive studies C. Ecological studies D. Randomized controlled trials E. Case Control Studies
RFA
Ans A. Cohort studies are the most reliable Observational study
B. Descriptive are the least
C. Ecological second least
D. Randomized controlled trials have more evidence than cohort studies but they are Experimental studies not Observational studies
E. Case Control Studies are the second more reliable Observational studies
Mufit is a scientist studying the causes of Mahcropnis. He wants to make an experiment that assess both exposure to Mahcropnis radiation and those that have Mahcropnis, he want to do this in one simultaneous study. Which experimental set up would be best to achieve this?
A Cohort Study B Case Control Study C Longitudinal Study D Cross -sectional Study E. Case report
RFA
D. Cross Sectional studies- can access both exposure and disease at the same time
A study examines fast food consumption and heart disease in Middlesboro, Kentucky and Houston, Texas. How can this study be classified?
A. Case Control Study B. Ecological Study C. Case Report Study D. Randomized Control Study C. Cohort Study
SZ
Ans B Ecological Study
Cross-sectional ecological studies relate the frequency of a characteristic and an outcome of interest occurring in the same geographical location. They compare populations rather than individuals.
A study was conducted on 150 medical students assessing the quality of sleep and grade point averages. Students were divided into three groups. Group 1 was instructed to sleep 7 hours a night with a ‘white noise machine’ to be used at bedtime. Group 2 was instructed to sleep 7 hours a night and given an aroma therapy machine to be used. Group 3 was the control group and instructed to sleep 7 hours a night in their usual environment. Grade point averages were monitored before sleep changes and measured again after 6 weeks with the exposures. The experiment is an example of what type of study?
A. Case Control Study B. Longitudinal Study C. Randomized Control Trial D. Cohort Study E. Cross-sectional survey
SZ
Ans. C Randomized Control Trial
Randomized control trials are experimental studies. An intervention or exposure is assigned and compared to a control group. All participates meet the exclusion criteria. The groups can be compared by calculating relative risk.
You are doing a cohort study on the sex lives of your four roommates. Cohort studies are able to measure which of the following?
A) Incidence
B) Prevalence
C) Sensitivity
D) Odds Ratio
MM
Answer A also RR
B - cross sectional
D- Case control
You find an incredibly rare risk factor and want to perform a study on it. which would you use?
A. Case Control Study B. Longitudinal Study C. Randomized Control Trial D. Cohort Study E. Cross-sectional survey
MM
Answer D
rare disease = case control
rare risk factor = cohort
Which of the following studies yields a true/absolute measure of risk (MG)
A. Cohort studies
B. Case-control studies
C. Randomized controlled trials
D. Systematic reviews/meta-analysis
A. Cohort studies
see table 5-1 in lecture 8 if confused
Which of the following is not a study that focuses on the the cause of a disease? (MG)
A. Case-control studies
B. Cohort studies
C. Randomized controlled trials
D. Ecological studies
D. Ecological studies
This is from the flowchart on slide 9, “Epidemiologic study designs and increasing strength of evidence”
