15. Phagocytosis and Inflammation

Question 1

You failed your step exam and became a ped’s doctor. A little pasty white blonde kid comes in because he’s sick af. you palpate the abdomen and notice hepatosplenomegaly. You order a blood test and find neutropenia. Which disease is most likely?

A) Chediak- Higashi Syndrome
B) Von gierks
C) Chronic granulomatous
D) L.A.D.

MM

Answer 1

Answer - A

Question 2

Mucins are found on the _____ and bind to _____.

A) Leukocyte, Integrin
B) Endothial Cell, Selectin
C) WBC, ICAM
D) Leukocyte, Selectin

MM

Answer 2

Ans - D

Question 3

Which of the following is not involved in direct opsonization? (MG)

A. IgG
B. IgM
C. C3b
D. C4b
E. C1q

Answer 3

B. IgM

Phagocytic cells do not have Fc receptors for IgM but it activates complement which then performs the opsonization

Question 4

The superoxide anion combines with nitric oxide to form what product in the ROS and RNS pathways? (MG)

A. Hydrogen peroxide
B. Hypochlorite
C. Peroxynitrite
D. Nitrogen dioxide

Answer 4

C. Peroxynitrite

Question 5

You decide studying is overrated and go to the class pool party. After way too many coconut tequila shots you try and impress your friends by doing a backflip into the pool. Your stupid drunk self forgets you have zero coordination even when you are sober and you slip, face-plant into the water, and slice open your foot on the concrete edge of the pool. You feel no pain and wash your open wound out with vodka like a badass. Three days later your foot is red and warm to touch. Which of the following are cells responsible for the reaction?

A. Neutrophils
B. Bradykinins
C. Chemoattractants
D. Histamine 
E. Cytokines

SZ

Answer 5

Ans. D. Histamines

Histamine causes vasodilation, increased vessel permeability.

A. Neutrophils cause edema and pus
B. BRADYkinins stimulate pain. (Remember Tom Brady is a cry baby, complains of pain)
C & E. Chemoattractants and cytokines are involved in brief vasoconstriction and release chemical mediators.

Question 6

Which of the following are specific receptor for phagocyte opsonization?

A. PAMPs
B. DAMPs
C. TLR
D. CR1 and Fc

SZ

Answer 6

Ans D. CR1 and Fc

CR1 is the complement receptor for C3b fragments. Fc receptors are for the immunoglobin (antibody) region.

A & B. PAMPs and DAMPs are pattern recognition receptors present in invaders.
C. TLR (Toll-like receptors) signal cytokines and interleukins.

Question 7

A 4 year old boy has had recurrent infections for most of his life a NBT test and is down and the result on the sample show up yellow. Which bacteria is most dangerous do to this boys condition?

A. Enterococcus
B. S. Pneumoniae
C. S. Areus
D.S. Pyogenes

RFA

Answer 7

Ans. C- Staph Areus- it is the only catalase positive bacteria listed the child has CGD as represented by a negative NBT test( should turn blue) meaning his cells are failing to produce Oxygen reacting species. While all infections are possible the worst infections come from catalase positive bacteria because they can destroy their own H202 they produce our cells can use the H202 that catalase negative cells produce against them.

Question 8

A women comes in with a yeast infection after culturing it shows that this yeast has diacyl lipopeptides. Which TLR failed to prevent this infection?

A. TLR3
B. TLR 7
C. TLR2
D. TLR9
E.  TLR6

RFA

Answer 8

ANS E. TLR6 ligands with Diacyl Lipopeptides targeting Mycobacteria, Yeast and Fungi

A. TLR3- Ligands dsRNA target viruses

B. TLR7- Ligands ssRNA target viruses

C .TLR 2- ligands Pettioglycans, lipoprotiens , Targets Gram-postive bacteria, Typanosomes, Mycobacteria, Yeast and other fungi

D. TLR9- ligands CpG unmeth. dinucl., Dinucl., Heepresvirus, Targets: Bacterial DNA and some Herpes