Kidney Disease

Question 1

1. It is difficult to measure the GFR of a kidney directly;
   therefore which one of the following is assessed to determine GFR?

a. Renal blood flow
b. Renal threshold
c. Serum creatinine
d. Urine albumin

Answer 1

c. Serum creatinine

Question 2

2. Which one of the following tests evaluates renal tubular
   (including loop of Henle) function?

a. Urine osmolality
b. Inulin clearance
c. Urine albumin
d. Urine protein

Answer 2

a. Urine osmolality

Question 3

3. The structural and functional unit of the kidney is the
   nephron. What structures make up a nephron?

a. Only the structures located in the kidney cortex
b. The glomeruli, tubules, and associated blood vessels
c. The ureters, bladder, and urethra
d. Only the structures located in the kidney medulla

Answer 3

b. The glomeruli, tubules, and associated blood vessels

Question 4

4. Pyelonephritis is

a. caused by a lack of intrinsic factor.
b. the destruction of kidney glomeruli by immune complexes.
c. a tumor of the stomach.
d. inflammation of both the lining of the renal pelvis
and the parenchyma of the kidney, especially due to
bacterial infection.

Answer 4

d. inflammation of both the lining of the renal pelvis
and the parenchyma of the kidney, especially due to
bacterial infection.

Question 5

5. Which one of the following hormones synthesized in
   cells of the JGA is involved in control of blood pressure
   through its action on angiotensinogen?

a. Erythropoietin
b. Antidiuretic hormone
c. Renin
d. Aldosterone

Answer 5

c. Renin

Question 6

6. Regarding laboratory findings, uremia/azotemia specifically refers to

a. reduced renal function.
b. elevated nitrogenous compounds in blood.
c. elevated serum proteins in blood.
d. decreased urine albumin.

Answer 6

b. elevated nitrogenous compounds in blood.

Question 7

7. The most common glomerular disease caused by damage to the glomerular membrane from the deposition of
   immune complexes is

a. IgA nephropathy.
b. chronic glomerulonephritis.
c. uremic syndrome.
d. pyelonephritis

Answer 7

a. IgA nephropathy.

Question 8

8. A disorder in which there is an abnormal increase in
   urine output, fluid intake, and often thirst and that is
   caused by the absence of antidiuretic hormone is

a. diabetes mellitus.
b. IgA nephropathy.
c. diabetes insipidus.
d. nephrolithiasis.

Answer 8

c. diabetes insipidus.

Question 9

9. Which one of the following hormones affects water reabsorption in the proximal tubule, the loop of Henle, the
   distal tubule, and the collecting duct of the kidney?

a. Aldosterone
b. Renin
c. 1,25(OH2) vitamin D3
d. Antidiuretic hormone

Answer 9

d. Antidiuretic hormone

Question 10

10. A drug prescribed to an individual to treat hypertension and/or disorders associated with fluid overload is
    referred to as

a. an ACE inhibitor.
b. a diuretic.
c. cystatin C.
d. an exogenous marker.

Answer 10

b. a diuretic.