Carbohydrates

Question 1

1. The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
   occurs mostly in the liver and is referred to as:
   a. gluconeogenesis.
   b. glycogenesis.
   c. glycolysis.
   d. glycogenolysis

Answer 1

a. gluconeogenesis.

Question 2

2. Which of the following hormones decreases blood glucose?
   a. Epinephrine
   b. Glucagon
   c. Cortisol
   d. Insulin

Answer 2

d. Insulin

Question 3

3. Which anticoagulant is considered the best for serum
   glucose analysis because it inhibits glycolysis?
   a. Sodium oxalate
   b. EDTA
   c. Sodium fluoride
   d. Heparin

Answer 3

c. Sodium fluoride

Question 4

4. An example of a disaccharide is:
   a. glucose.
   b. starch.
   c. lactose.
   d. fructose.

Answer 4

c. lactose.

Question 5

5. The conversion of glucose into its storage form is referred
   to as:
   a. glycogenesis.
   b. glycolysis.
   c. glycogenolysis.
   d. glyconeogenesis.

Answer 5

a. glycogenesis.

Question 6

6. Which of the following statements concerning carbohydrates is incorrect?
   a. Individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus
   can display hypoglycemic symptoms because of the
   impairment of glucagon secretion.
   B. ethanol produces hypoglycemia by inhibiting gluconeogenesis
   C. monosaccharides are formed from the breakdown of starches and disaccharides within the small intestine
   D. the brain functions normally with a low concentration of plasma glucose (<20 to 30 mg/dL)

Answer 6

D. the brain functions normally with a low concentration of plasma glucose (<20 to 30 mg/dL)

Question 7

7. The formation of 6-phosphogluconate with concomitant
   production of NADH is the final step in which of the following coupled-enzyme assays for glucose?
   a. Hexokinase method
   b. Glucose oxidase method
   c. Glucose dehydrogenase method
   d. Polarographic method

Answer 7

a. Hexokinase method

Question 8

8. The typical cause of an inborn error of carbohydrate
   metabolism is:
   a. lack of insulin production.
   b. glucagonoma.
   c. absence of an enzyme involved in carbohydrate
   metabolism.
   d. chronic alcoholism with hepatic failure.

Answer 8

c. absence of an enzyme involved in carbohydrate
metabolism.

Question 9

9. The most widely used cutoff blood glucose concentration
   that indicates hypoglycemia is:
   a. 100 mg/dL.
   b. 75 mg/dL.
   c. 50 mg/dL.
   d. 25 mg/dL.

Answer 9

c. 50 mg/dL.

Question 10

10. Deficiency of a specific enzyme involved in glycogen
    metabolism will produce some type of:
    a. glycogen storage disease.
    b. lactic acidosis.
    c. insulin deficiency.
    d. glycolysis

Answer 10

a. glycogen storage disease.