Vitamins and Trace elements

Question 1

1. Which enzyme activity is decreased as a result of vitamin
   B1 deficiency?
   a. Glutathione reductase
   b. Glutathione peroxidase
   c. Transketolase
   d. Methyltetrahydrofolate reductase

Answer 1

c. Transketolase

Question 2

2. Which of the following statements best describes the effects
   of systemic inflammatory response (SIR) on vitamin status?
   a. SIR causes a decrease in the vitamins A, E, B2, B6, C, D,
   and carotenoids.
   b. SIR causes an increase in the vitamins A, E, B2, B6, C,
   D, and carotenoids.
   c. SIR does not have an appreciable effect on any vitamins
   in blood circulation.
   d. SIR causes a decrease in albumin and CRP that affect
   vitamin status

Answer 2

a. SIR causes a decrease in the vitamins A, E, B2, B6, C, D,
and carotenoids.

Question 3

3. Which of the following statements best accounts for vitamin A deficiency?
   a. It is dependent on renal functioning.
   b. It is not caused by liver disease.
   c. It may result due to decreased retinol binding protein
   (RBP) concentration in circulating blood.
   d. Circulating retinol always correlates with total body
   vitamin A stores.

Answer 3

c. It may result due to decreased retinol binding protein
(RBP) concentration in circulating blood.

Question 4

4. Which of the following is a major cause of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency?
   a. Decreased fat intake
   b. Hemolytic disease
   c. Renal insufficiency
   d. Malabsorption syndromes

Answer 4

d. Malabsorption syndromes

Question 5

5. Which of the listed vitamin deficiencies is not associated
   with the disease state?
   a. Xerophthalmia—vitamin A
   b. Beriberi—vitamin B1
   c. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome—vitamin B2
   d. Hartnup disease—niacin

Answer 5

c. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome—vitamin B2

Question 6

6. Which of the following enzymes does not require selenium for functionality?
   a. Glutathione peroxidase
   b. Selenophosphate synthetase
   c. Glutathione reductase
   d. Iodothyronine deiodinase

Answer 6

c. Glutathione reductase

Question 7

7. Which of the following best facilitates the diagnosis of copper dysfunction as in Wilson disease?
   a. Liver biopsy
   b. Urine copper output
   c. Urine copper post penicillamine challenge
   d. Serum copper

Answer 7

c. Urine copper post penicillamine challenge

Question 8

8. Which of the following conditions does not result in low
   serum copper and ceruloplasmin?

a. Menkes syndrome
b. Wilson disease
c. Keshan disease
d. Aceruloplasminemia

Answer 8

c. Keshan disease

Question 9

9. How would you investigate a patient suspected of taking
   excess supplements of essential trace elements such as Cu,
   Zn, and/or Se? By measuring:

a. different organo inorganic species.
b. urine output corrected for creatinine.
c. impact on other analytes for, for example, renal and/or
liver function.
d. whole blood and plasma content of the named traced
elements

Answer 9

d. whole blood and plasma content of the named traced
elements