Clinical toxicology & Toxic elements Flashcards
- The best specimen type used to determine whether a neonate has been exposed to drugs during the second or third
trimester of pregnancy is:
a. fetal oral fluid.
b. meconium.
c. fetal hair.
d. newborn infant urine
b. meconium.
- The antidotal therapy for acetaminophen overdose is:
a. forced alkaline diuresis.
b. inhibition of the GABA channel.
c. pralidoxime.
d. N-acetylcysteine.
d. N-acetylcysteine.
- The best advantage of using high-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC) over gas chromatography (GC)
for comprehensive drug screening for a broad range of
chemicals is that:
a. HPLC does not require a derivatization step.
b. HPLC can be performed at the individual’s bedside.
c. GC gives diverse color hues and requires considerable
technical skill.
d. GC drug testing methods are subject to many types of
interference.
a. HPLC does not require a derivatization step.
- Use of which of the following drugs is not consistently
detected in the benzodiazepine immunoassay screen?
a. Diazepam
b. Clonazepam
c. Oxazepam
d. Nordiazepam
b. Clonazepam
- To confirm heroin use, testing of which of the following
urinary metabolites is considered unique and specific for
this drug?
a. Morphine
b. Codeine
c. Meperidine
d. 6-Acetylmorphine
d. 6-Acetylmorphine
- For assessment of drugs of abuse, the most widely accepted
laboratory method for drug confirmation is:
a. immunoassay.
b. GC-MS.
c. HPLC-UV
d. Time-of-Flight (TOF) Mass Spectroscopy
b. GC-MS.
- An individual has eaten a large meal of seafood including
shellfish and haddock before submitting a urine specimen for metal analysis. What metal would likely be present in a high concentration in his urine specimen?
a. Arsenic
b. Copper
c. Mercury
d. Cadmium
a. Arsenic
- Lead inhibits _______________, an enzyme that catalyzes synthesis of heme from porphyrin.
a. ATPase
b. RNA polymerase
c. glutathione peroxidase
d. aminolevulinic acid dehydratase
d. aminolevulinic acid dehydratase
- Which of the following reasons best explains why elemental toxicity is difficult to diagnose?
a. Physicians are poorly informed about prevalence of
toxic elements.
b. Laboratories are unable to properly test for toxic
elements.
c. Signs and symptoms in elemental toxicity mirror
numerous disease states.
d. Elemental toxicity is relatively rare in developed
countries
c. Signs and symptoms in elemental toxicity mirror
numerous disease states.
- Analysis of toxic elements is recommended in which of the following presentations?
a. Renal disease due to chronic hypertension
b. Unexplained, bilateral neuropathy
c. Chronic inflammation of the liver
d. No history of exposure on record
b. Unexplained, bilateral neuropathy
- Which of the following correctly identifies an accepted
approach to elemental exposure?
a. Wait and see if symptoms become more severe
b. Prospective chelation challenges with postchelation
laboratory assessments
c. Enhanced absorption
d. Antidotal treatment
d. Antidotal treatment
- The toxicity of Cd, As, Hg, and Pb are similar in regard to
damage of which organ?
a. Eye
b. Kidney
c. Pancreas
d. Distal phalanges
b. Kidney
- Which element in its hexavalent state is toxic while in its
trivalent state is considered largely benign?
a. Cr
b. Hg
c. Pb
d. As
a. Cr
- Which element in its elemental state is largely benign
unless inhaled while its inorganic form is the basis for the
phrase “mad as a hatter”?
a. As
b. Cr
c. Pb
d. Hg
d. Hg
- Regarding Ni exposure, ____________ Ni compounds
are more rapidly absorbed and eliminated compared to
the __________ forms.
a. soluble, gaseous
b. insoluble, soluble
c. soluble, less soluble
d. alloyed, pure
c. soluble, less soluble
