Diabetes mellitus

Question 1

1. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) indicates compliance of a
   patient with diabetes with his or her insulin-taking regimen by monitoring glucose control. HbA1c concentration represents the integrated glucose value in the blood
   over what period?

a. 8 to 12 days
b. 8 to 12 weeks
c. 8 to 12 months
d. 1 day

Answer 1

b. 8 to 12 weeks

Question 2

2. Which of the following values obtained during an oral
   glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is diagnostic of diabetes
   mellitus?

a. 2-Hour specimen = 125 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L)
b. Fasting glucose = 138 mg/dL (7.7 mmol/L)
c. Fasting glucose = 110 mg/dL (6.1 mmol/L)
d. 2-Hour specimen = 80 mg/dL (4.4 mmol/L)

Answer 2

b. Fasting glucose = 138 mg/dL (7.7 mmol/L)

Question 3

3. Type 2 diabetes:

a. is associated with resistance to the action of insulin.
b. is caused by destruction of pancreatic β-cells.
c. is also known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
d. occurs less frequently than type 1 diabetes.

Answer 3

a. is associated with resistance to the action of insulin.

Question 4

4. All of the following results are confirmatory and diagnostic laboratory values for diabetes mellitus except:

a. nonfasting blood glucose >200 mg/dL. (11.1 mmol/L)
b. 2-hour oral glucose tolerance values >200 mg/dL.
(11.1 mmol/L)
c. urine glucose >250 mg/dL. (13.9 mmol/L)
d. fasting plasma glucose >126 mg/dL. (7.0 mmol/L)

Answer 4

c. urine glucose >250 mg/dL. (13.9 mmol/L)

Question 5

5. Release of glucose from its storage form is referred to as:

a. glycogenesis.
b. glycogenolysis.
c. glycolysis.
d. glyconeogenesis

Answer 5

b. glycogenolysis.

Question 6

6. Which of the following hormones produces hyperglycemia?

a. Epinephrine
b. Glucagon
c. Thyroid hormone
d. All of the above hormones produce hyperglycemia

Answer 6

d. All of the above hormones produce hyperglycemia

Question 7

7. Whole blood glucose values are approximately what percent different from plasma glucose values?

a. 20% higher
b. 11% lower
c. 11% higher
d. There is no difference between whole blood glucose
and plasma glucose values

Answer 7

b. 11% lower

Question 8

8. The development of ketosis in uncontrolled diabetes is a
   result of:

a. increased lipolysis of fatty acids from adipose stores
and decreased reesterification of these fatty acids to
triglycerides.
b. increased nonenzymatic addition of glucose to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that form ketoamines.
c. increased formation of advanced glycation end
products that do not return to normal levels when
diabetes is controlled.
d. formation of circulating antibodies that are formed
against the excess adipose tissue present in a person
with diabetes.

Answer 8

a. increased lipolysis of fatty acids from adipose stores
and decreased reesterification of these fatty acids to
triglycerides.

Question 9

9. Which of the following hormones promotes decreased
   blood glucose?

a. Epinephrine
b. Glucagon
c. Cortisol
d. Insulin

Answer 9

d. Insulin

Question 10

10. The purpose of examining urinary albumin excretion in
    an individual with type 1 or type 2 diabetes is to:

a. assess the ability of the pancreas to synthesize sufficient insulin.
b. determine the rate of formation of advanced glycation end products.
c. assess the possibility of overt diabetic nephropathy.
d. examine the health of the liver in its ability to synthesize albumin.

Answer 10

c. assess the possibility of overt diabetic nephropathy.