Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DANB RHS Exam > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

Key Terms for Entire RHS Exam

1
Q

triangle (geometry term)

A
  • in geometry, a figure formed by connecting three points not in a straight line by three straight-line segments
  • has three angles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

lead apron

A

a flexible lead shield used to protect the patient’s reproductive and blood-forming tissues from scatter radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

millampere (mA)

A

a unit of measurement used to describe the intensity of an electrical current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

vertical angulation

A

the positioning of the position-indicating device in a vertical plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

superior

A

describes an area that is higher on a vertical axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

lateral jaw projection- ramus of the mandible

A

an extraoral projection used to image the ramus of the mandible in order to evaluate impacted third molars, large lesions, and fractures that extend into the ramus of the mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

occupational exposure

A

contact with blood or other infectious materials involving the skin, eye, or mucous membranes that results from procedures performed by the dental professional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

storage phosphor imaging

A

an indirect method of obtaining a digital image in which the image is recorded on phosphor-coated plates and then placed into an electronic processor, where a laser scans the plate and produces an image on a computer screen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

enamel

A
  • the outermost layer of the crown of the tooth (appears radiopaque)
  • the densest structure in the human body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pathogen

A

a microorganism capable causing disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

periapical cyst / radicular cyst

A

a lesion characterized by an epithelial-lined cavity or sac located around the apex of a nonvital tooth that results from pulpal death (appears radiolucent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

intraoral receptor

A

an image receptor is placed inside the mouth during x-ray exposure to examine teeth and supporting structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dentino-enamel junction (DEJ)

A

the junction between the dentin and enamel of a tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

maxillary torus / torus palatinus

A

a nodular mass of bone along the midline of the hard palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

self-determination

A

the legal rights of an individual to make choices about the care they receive, including the opportunity to consent to or refuse treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bit-depth image

A

the number of possible gray-scale combinations for each pixel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

nondeciduous teeth

A

permanent teeth that do not replace a primary/deciduous tooth (permanent first, second, and third molars)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

tubercle (anatomic term)

A

a rounded prominence of bone (appears radiopaque)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

extraoral

A

outside the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

process (anatomic term)

A

a marked prominence or projection of bone (appears radiopaque)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

mount

A

to place in an appropriate setting for display or study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

radiation

A

a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

orbit (anatomic term)

A

the bony cavity that contains the eyeball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

sigmoid notch / mandibular notch (anatomic term)

A

a curved depression located between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid process of the mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

panoramic

A

a wide view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

exposure light

A

a component of the dental x-ray machine control panel that provides a visible signal when x-rays are produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

object-receptor distance

A
  • the distance from the object being imaged *(tooth)) to the image receptor influences image magnification
  • less image magnification results when the tooth and the image receptor are as close as possible, and more magnification results when the tooth and receptor are far apart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

hamulus / hamular process (anatomic term)

A

a small, hooklike projection of bone that extends form the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone (appears radiopaque)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

leakage radiation

A

any radiation, with the exception of the primary beam, that is emitted from the dental x-ray tubehead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

posteroanterior projection

A

an extraoral projection of the skull used to evaluate facial growth, trauma, diseases, and developmental abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

pulpal sclerosis

A

a diffuse calcification of the pulp chamber and pulp canals of teeth that results in a pulp cavity of decreased size (appears radiopaque)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

gray (Gy)

A

a unit for measuring absorbed dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

internal oblique ridge (anatomic term)

A

a linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible that extends downward and forward from the ramus (appears radiopaque)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

milliamperage

A

in dental imaging, the quantity (number) of x-ray emitted from the tubehead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

nasopharyngeal air space (anatomic term)

A

refers to the airspace portion of the pharynx located posterior to the nasal cavity (on a panoramic image, appears as a diagonal radiolucency located superior to the radiopaque shadow of the soft palate and uvula)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

underexposed image

A

an exposure error that results in a light image due to inadequate exposure time, kilovoltage or milliamperage, or a combination of these factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

ionizing radiation

A

radiation that is capable of producing ions by removing or adding an electron to an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

mandibular torus / torus mandibularis

A

a bony growth seen along the lingual aspect of the mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

proton

A

a positively-charged particle with a mass of one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

filament circuit

A
  • regulates the flow of the electrical current to the filament of the x-ray tube using 3-5 volts
  • controlled by the milliamperage settings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

cancellous bone / trabecular bone

A

the soft, spongy bone located between the two layers of dense cortical bone (appears radiolucent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

panoramic image

A

an image that shows the wide view of the maxilla and the mandible surrounding structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

maxillary teeth

A

teeth located in the maxilla or upper arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

metallic restoration

A
  • restorations that completely absorb x-rays; as a result, little to no radiation contacts the receptor (appears radiopaque)
  • (ex: amalgam, gold)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

cell metabolism

A

the physical and chemical processes of a cell that determine the response of the cell to radiation exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

collimation

A

the restriction of the size and shape of the x-ray beam in order to reduce patient exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

total dose

A

the quantity of radiation received, or the total amount of radiation energy absorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

edentulous zone

A

an area where teeth are no longer present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

short-scale contrast

A
  • a term describing an image with predominately areas of black and white
  • results from the used of a lower kilovoltage range
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

filament circuit / low-voltage circuit

A
  • the circuit that regulates the flow of electrical current to the filament of the x-ray tube
  • controlled by the milliamperage settings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Waters projection

A

an extraoral projection used to evaluate the maxillary sinus area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

kinetic energy

A

the energy of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

external root resorption

A

a regressive alteration of root structure that occurs along the periphery of the root surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

dentition

A

the character of a set of teeth, including their number, kind, and location/arrangement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

leaded-glass housing

A

a portion of the glass housing of the x-ray tube that includes lead that prevents x-rays from escaping in all directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

electricity

A
  • the energy used to make x-rays
  • used as a source of power
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

angle (geometry term)

A

in geometry, a figure formed by two lines diverging from a common point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

exposure incident

A

a specific incident involving contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from procedures performed by the dental professional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

internal root resorption

A

the destruction of dentin around the pulp cavity within the crown or root of a tooth (appears radiolucent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

furcation area

A

the area between the roots of multi-rooted teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

sharpness

A
  • refers to the capability of the image receptor to reproduce the distinct outlines of an object
  • influenced by focal spot size and movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

ionization

A
  • the production of ions
  • the process of converting an atom into an ion, resulting in the formation of a positive atom and a dislodged negative ion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

avulsion

A

the complete displacement of a tooth from alveolar bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

x-radiation

A

a high-energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a metal target in the x-ray tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

cortical bone / compact bone

A

the dense outer layer of bone (appears radiopaque)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

nucleon

A

part of an atomic nucleus (ex: protons, neutrons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

submandibular fossa / mandibular fossa (anatomic term)

A

a depressed area of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible inferior to the mylohyoid ridge (appears radiolucent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

lateral cephalometric projection

A

an extraoral image that is used to determine facial growth and development, trauma, disease, and developmental abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

rule of isometry (geometry term)

A

a geometric principal that states that “two triangles are equal if they have two equal angles and share a common side”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

direct current (DC)

A

a current in which electrons flow in one direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

dose rate

A

the rate at which exposure to radiation occurs and the absorption takes place (determined by dose/time)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

alveolar bone loss

A

a loss of bone that surrounds and supports teeth in the maxilla and mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

inverse square law

A
  • a rule that states that “the intensity of radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source of radiation”
  • as distance is increased, the radiation intensity at the object is decreased, and vice versa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

atom

A
  • a tiny, invisible particle that is the fundamental unit of matter
  • the smallest part of an element that has the properties of that element
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

condensing osteitis / chronic focal sclerosing osteomyelitis

A

a well-defined radiopacity seen below the apex of a nonvital tooth that has a history of long-standing pulpitis (appears radiopaque)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

horizontal bone loss

A

bone loss that occurs in a plane parallel to the cemento-enamel junction of adjacent teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

incipient

A

small, or beginning to exist or appear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

inherent filtration

A

portions of the x-ray tubehead that serve to filter low-energy x-rays, including the glass window of the x-ray tube, the insulating oil, and the tubehead seal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

imaginary bisector

A
  • an imaginary plane that divides in half the angle formed by the image receptor and the long axis of the tooth
  • creates two equal angles and provides a common side for the two imaginary equal triangles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

anterior teeth

A

central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines/cuspids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

free radical

A

an uncharged, neutral atom or molecule that exists with a single, unpaired electron in its outermost shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

contact areas

A

the areas where adjacent tooth surfaces touch each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

beam alignment device

A
  • a device used to align the position-indicating device in relation to tooth and image receptor
  • positions the intraoral image receptor in the mouth and retains the image receptor in position during exposure
  • helps stabilize the image receptor in the mouth and reduces the chances of movement, thus reducing the patient’s exposure to x-radiation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

endodontic patient

A

a patient who has undergone endodontic therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

somatic effects

A

radiation injuries that produce changes in somatic cells and produce poor health in the irradiated individual (ex: the induction of cancer, leukemia, or cataracts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

interpersonal skills

A

skills the promote good relationships between individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

genetic cells

A
  • cells that contain genes
  • reproductive cells (ex: ova, sperm)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

mandibular topographic occlusal projection

A

a type of occlusal projection used to examine the anterior teeth of the mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

vertical bone loss / angular bone loss

A

bone loss that does not occur in a plane parallel to the cemento-enamel junctions of adjacent teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

angulation

A

the alignment of the central x-ray beam in the horizontal and vertical planes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

mandibular teeth

A

teeth located in the mandible or lower arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

facial / labial

A

the tooth surface towards the cheek/lips on anterior teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

bite-wing tab / bite loop / bite tab

A

a heavy paperboard tab or loop fitted around an intraoral image receptor during exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

high contrast

A

a term describing an image with many very dark areas and very light areas and few shades of gray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

sterilize

A

the use of a physical or chemical procedure to destroy all pathogens, including highly resistant bacterial and fungal spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

anode

A
  • the positive electrode in the x-ray tube
  • consists of a wafer-thin tungsten plate embedded in a solid copper rod
  • converts electrons into x-ray photons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

quality factor (QF)

A

a factor used for radiation protection purposes that account for the exposure effects of different types of radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

intraoral imaging examination

A

a dental imaging inspection of teeth and intraoral adjacent structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

inter-radicular

A

between the roots of adjacent teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

electron

A

a tiny, negatively charged particle found outside the nucleus in the atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

dental radiographer

A

any person who positions, exposes, and processes dental x-ray image receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

interproximal examination

A

an intraoral inspection used to examine the crowns of both maxillary and mandibular teeth on a single image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

long axis of a tooth

A

an imaginary line that divides a tooth longitudinally into two equal halves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

rampant caries

A

caries that affect numerous teeth in the dentition (appears radiolucent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

pulp stones

A

calcifications found in the pulp chamber or pulp canals of teeth (appear radiopaque)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

recurrent caries / secondary caries

A

caries located adjacent to a pre-existing restoration (appears radiolucent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

gutta percha

A

rubberlike material used in endodontic therapy to fill the pulp canals and pulp chamber (appears radiopaque)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
108
Q

molecule

A
  • two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds
  • the smallest amount of a substance that possesses its characteristic properties
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
109
Q

ALARA concept

A

a concept of radiation protection that states that all exposure to radiation must be kept to a minimum, or “as low as reasonably achievable”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
110
Q

matter

A

anything that occupies space and has mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
111
Q

caries

A

tooth decay caused by microorganisms (appears radiolucent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
112
Q

radioactivity

A

the process by which certain unstable atoms or elements undergo spontaneous disintegration, or decay, in an effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
113
Q

panoramic imaging

A

an extraoral technique used to examine the upper and lower jaws on a single image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
114
Q

general radiation / bremsstrahlung radiation / braking radiation

A

a form of radiation that occurs when speeding electrons slow down because of their interaction with the tungsten target in the anode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
115
Q

exposure sequence

A

a defined order to place and expose intraoral receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
116
Q

intrusion

A

the abnormal displacement of teeth into bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
117
Q

disability

A

a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of an individual’s major life activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
118
Q

cone-cut

A

a clear, unexposed area on a dental image that occurs when the position-indicating device is misaligned and the x-ray beam is not centered over the image receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
119
Q

ramus (anatomic term)

A

vertical portion of the mandible that is found posterior to the third molar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
120
Q

distortion

A
  • a geometric characteristic that refers to a variation in the true size and shape of the object being imaged
  • influenced by object-receptor alignment and the vertical angulation of the x-ray beam
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
121
Q

cumulative effects

A

the additive effects of repeated radiation exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
122
Q

ground glass appearance / orange-peel appearance

A

a term used to describe a radiopacity viewed on a dental image that resembles pulverized glass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
123
Q

tooth-bearing areas

A

regions of the maxilla and mandible in which the 32 teeth of the human dentition are normally located

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
124
Q

sagittal plane

A
  • a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides (the sides do not need to be equally divided)
  • runs perpendicular to the ground
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
125
Q

voltage

A

in dental imaging, the measurement of force that refers to the potential difference between two electrical charges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
126
Q

sterilization

A

the act of sterilizing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
127
Q

primary radiation / primary beam / useful beam

A

the penetrating x-ray beam produced at the target of the anode and exits the tubehead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
128
Q

malpractice

A

improper or negligent conduct or treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
129
Q

filtration

A

the use of absorbing materials (ex: aluminum) for removing low energy x-rays from the primary beam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
130
Q

occlusal incipient caries

A
  • caries located on the occlusal surface of posterior teeth
  • cannot be seen on a radiograph
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
131
Q

maxillary tuberosity (anatomic term)

A

a rounded prominence of bone that extends posterior to the third molar region (appears radiopaque)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
132
Q

psychogenic stimuli

A

stimuli originating from the mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
133
Q

three-dimensional volume rendering

A

a three-dimensional shape that is created from two-dimensional images

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
134
Q

radiograph

A

an image or picture produced on a receptor by exposure to ionizing radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
135
Q

pulp canal obliteration

A

the calcification, or deposition, of hard tissue within the pulp cavity, causing no visible pulp chamber or canals on the dental image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
136
Q

unilocular coriticated

A

describes a radiolucency on a dental image that exhibits one compartment with a well-defined outer border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
137
Q

pixel / picture element

A

in digital electronic images, digital information is contained in, and presented as, discrete units of information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
138
Q

Compton electron

A
  • an outer-shell electron that is ejected from its orbit during Compton scatter
  • carries a negative charge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
139
Q

anatomic order

A

the order in which teeth are arranged within the dental arches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
140
Q

high-level disinfectant

A
  • chemicals classified by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as “sterilants-disinfectants”
  • used to disinfect heat-sensitive, semicritical dental instruments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
141
Q

impulse

A

in dental imaging, a measure of exposure time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
142
Q

soft palate (anatomic term)

A

the fleshy, movable posterior portion of the roof of the mouth separating the mouth and the phaynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
143
Q

occlusal caries

A

caries located on the chewing surfaces of posterior teeth (appears radiolucent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
144
Q

kilovolt (kV)

A

the unit of measurement for voltage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
145
Q

Compton scatter

A

one of the interactions of x-radiation with matter in which the x-ray photon collides with a loosely bound, outer-shell electron and gives up part of its energy to eject the electron from its orbit, causing the x-ray photon to lose its energy and continue in a different direction a lower energy level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
146
Q

neutral atom

A

an atom that contains an equal number of protons and electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
147
Q

statute of limitations

A

a period during which a patient may bring a malpractice action against a dentist or an auxillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
148
Q

midsagittal plane

A

an imaginary line or plane passing through the center of the body that divides it into right and left halves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
149
Q

field of view (FOV)

A
  • the area that can be captured when performing imaging procedures
  • with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging, the region of interest of the patient anatomy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
150
Q

trauma

A

injury produced by an external force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
151
Q

x-rays

A

a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows on image receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
152
Q

apex

A

the area of a tooth that allows for blood vessels and nerves to enter the tooth and maintain the vitality of the tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
153
Q

image receptor placement

A

the specific area where the image receptor must be positioned before exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
154
Q

spine (anatomic term)

A

a sharp, thornlike projection of bone (appears radiopaque)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
155
Q

velocity

A

in dental imaging, the speed of a wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
156
Q

focal spot size

A

the size of the tungsten target of the anode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
157
Q

real image

A

in panoramic imaging, the image that is recorded when a structure is located between the receptor and the moving rotation center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
158
Q

ion pair

A

one positive and one negative ion, that results when an electron is removed an atom in the ionization process, causing the atom to become the positive ion and the ejected electron becomes the negative ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
159
Q

periodontal abscess

A

a lesion that originates in a soft tissue pocket and is characterized by the accumulation of pus and destruction of bone (appears radiolucent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
160
Q

open contacts

A

on a dental image, appears as a thin radiolucent line between adjacent tooth surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
161
Q

endodontics

A

the branch of dentistry that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the dental pulp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
162
Q

exposure

A

a measure of ionization produced in air by x-radiation or gamma radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
163
Q

mylohyoid ridge (anatomic term)

A

a linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible that extends from the molar region downward and forward to the lower border of the mandible (appears radiopaque)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
164
Q

bisect

A

to divide into two equal parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
165
Q

anterior nasal spine (anatomic term)

A

a sharp projection of the maxilla located at the anteroinferior portion of the nasal cavity (appears radiopaque)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
166
Q

lingula (anatomic term)

A

a small, tongue-shaped projection of bone seen adjacent to the mandibular foramen (appears radiopaque)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
167
Q

negative vertical angulation

A

the positioning of the position-indicating device below the occlusal plane that directs the central ray upward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
168
Q

mandible

A

the lower jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
169
Q

cervical burnout

A

a radiolucent artifact seen on dental images between the cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
170
Q

occlusal examination

A

a type of intraoral examination used to inspect large areas of the maxilla or mandible in one image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
171
Q

infraorbital foramen (anatomic term)

A

a hole or opening in bone found inferior to the border of the orbit (on a panoramic image, appears radiolucent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
172
Q

somatic cells

A

all cells in the body, with the exception of reproductive cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
173
Q

particulate radiation

A

tiny particles of matter that possess mass and travel in straight lines and at high speeds (ex: electrons, beta particles, alpha particles, protons, and neutrons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
174
Q

rectification

A

the conversion of alternating current to direct current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
175
Q

overlapped contacts

A

on a dental image, the area where the contact area of one tooth is superimposed over the contact areas of an adjacent tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
176
Q

photon

A

a bundle of energy with no mass or weight that travels as a wave at the speed of light and moves through space in a straight line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
177
Q

antiseptic

A

a substance that inhibits the growth of bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
178
Q

tungsten target

A

a portion of the anode in the x-ray tube that serves as a focal spot and converts bombarding electrons into x-ray photons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
179
Q

nucleus

A

the central, positively charged core of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
180
Q

primary teeth / deciduous teeth

A

baby teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
181
Q

multiplanar reconstruction (MPR)

A

the reconstruction of raw data into images when imported into viewing software to create three anatomic planes of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
182
Q

critical organ

A

an organ that, if damaged, diminishes the quality of an individual’s life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
183
Q

ion

A
  • an electrically unbalanced particle

*an atom that gains or loses an electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
184
Q

interproximal caries

A

caries located between two adjacent teeth (appears radiolucent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
185
Q

angle of the mandible (anatomic term)

A
  • the area of the mandible where the body meets the ramus
  • the corner portion formed by the junction of the posterior and lower borders on the ramus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
186
Q

inverted Y

A

a landmark viewed on dental images above the maxillary canine that represents the intersection of the anterior border of the maxillary sinus and the lateral wall of the nasal fossa (appears radiopaque)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
187
Q

respiratory hygiene / cough etiquette

A

an infection prevention measure designed to limit the transmissions of disease spread by respiratory pathogens via droplet or airborne routes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
188
Q

maxillary pediatric occlusal projection

A

a type of occlusal projection used to examine the anterior teeth of the maxilla used in children 5 years or younger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
189
Q

personal protective equipment (PPE)

A

equipment worn by dental professionals to protect themselves from hazards, including protective attire, gloves, masks, and eyewear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
190
Q

radioresistant cell

A

a cell that is resistant to radiation (ex: bone, muscle, and nerve cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
191
Q

lingual foramen (anatomic term)

A

a small opening or hole in bone surrounded by the genial tubercles and located at the midline of the internal surface of the mandible (appears radiolucent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
192
Q

positive vertical angulation

A

the positioning of the position-indicating device above the occlusal plane that directs the central ray downward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
193
Q

dose-response curve

A

a curve that can be used to correlate the damage of tissues with the amount of radiation received

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
194
Q

radiation absorbed dose (rad)

A

a unit for measuring absorbed dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
195
Q

generalized bone loss

A

bone loss that occurs evenly throughout the dental arches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
196
Q

radiopacity / radiodensity

A

an area on a dental image appearing radiopaque (light/white) due to resisting the passage of the x-ray beam and limiting the amount of x-rays that reach the image receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
197
Q

x-ray beam angulation

A

one of the influencing factors for image distortion that refers to the direction of the x-ray beam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
198
Q

bite-wing image

A

intraoral image that is used to examine the interproximal surfaces of teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
199
Q

quality of the x-ray beam

A
  • the mean energy or penetrating ability of the x-ray beam
  • controlled by the kilovoltage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
200
Q

neutron

A

an electrically neutral or uncharged particle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
201
Q

lamina dura (anatomic term)

A

the wall of the tooth socket that surrounds the root of a tooth (appears radiopaque)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
202
Q

palate (anatomic term)

A

the roof of the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
203
Q

dentin

A

the tooth layer found between the enamel and surrounding the pulp cavity (appears radiopaque)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
204
Q

periapical examination

A

a type of intraoral imaging examination used to view the entire tooth (crown and root) and supporting bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
205
Q

dental radiograph

A

a photographic image produced on a receptor by the passage of x-rays through teeth and related structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
206
Q

intersecting

A

cutting across or through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
207
Q

mandibular notch (anatomic term)

A

a scooped-out concavity of bone located distal to the coronoid process on the ramus of the mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
208
Q

inferior nasal conchae (anatomic term)

A

wafer-thin, curved plates of bone that extend from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity (appears radiopaque)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
209
Q

tongue (anatomic term)

A

a movable muscular organ attached to the floor of the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
210
Q

diatorics

A

metal retention pins that are included in anterior porcelain denture teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
211
Q

radiography

A

the art and science of making radiographs by the exposure of receptors to x-rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
212
Q

indirect digital imaging

A

a method of obtaining a digital imaging from a sensor after exposure to x-rays by using a scanner to convert information into a digital form so that it can be viewed on a computer monitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
213
Q

quality administration

A

the management of the quality assurance plan in the dental office

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
214
Q

occlusal

A

the chewing surfaces of posterior teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
215
Q

interproximal

A

between two adjacent surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
216
Q

sinus (anatomic term)

A

a hollow space, cavity, or recess in bone (appears radiolucent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
217
Q

nonstochastic effects of radiation

A

effects of radiation that have a threshold and increase in severity with increasing absorbed dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
218
Q

articular eminence (anatomic term)

A

a rounded projection of the temporal bone located anterior to the glenoid fossa (appears radiopaque)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
219
Q

ridge (anatomic term)

A

a linear prominence of bone (appears radiopaque)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
220
Q

luxation

A

the abnormal displacement of teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
221
Q

distal

A

the tooth surface away from the midline of the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
222
Q

movement

A

motion of the image receptor or patient during image exposure that results in an image with decreased sharpness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
223
Q

low-level disinfectant

A
  • chemical germicides classified by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as “hospital disinfectants”
  • recommended for general housekeeping purposes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
224
Q

isometry (geometry term)

A

equality of measurement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
225
Q

hard palate (anatomic term)

A

the bony plate that separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity in the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth (appears radiopaque)

226
Q

central ray (CR)

A

the central portion of the primary beam of x-radiation

227
Q

diagnostic image

A

a dental image that allows for the identifying and monitoring of diseases or injuries

228
Q

digitize

A

in digital imaging, to convert an image into digital form that, in turn, can be processed by a computer

229
Q

added filtration

A

aluminum disks inserted in the dental x-ray machine between the x-ray tubehead seal and collimator to remove low-energy x-rays from the primary beam

230
Q

vertical

A

an up-and-down plane

231
Q

apical

A

towards the apex of a tooth

232
Q

periapical abscess

A

a lesion characterized by a localized collection of pus around the apex of a nonvital tooth that results from pulpal death (appears radiolucent)

233
Q

asepsis

A

the absence of pathogens or disease-causing microorganisms

234
Q

infection prevention

A

procedures used to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases

235
Q

electrical current

A

the flow of electrons through a conductor to produce x-rays

236
Q

cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)

A

computer-assisted digital imaging in dentistry that uses a cone-shaped x-ray beam to acquire information and present it in three dimensions

237
Q

panoramic receptor

A

an image receptor used in panoramic examinations that show a wide view of the maxilla and mandible

238
Q

opposing

A

maxillary and mandibular teeth that occlude together

239
Q

dental image

A

a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional object produced by the passage of x-rays through teeth and supporting structures

240
Q

dose equivilent

A

a measurement used to compare the biologic effects of different types of radiation

241
Q

scatter radiation

A

a form of secondary radiation that results from an x-ray beam that has been deflected from its path by the interaction with matter

242
Q

cementum

A

calcified connective tissue that covers the outer root surface of the tooth

243
Q

kilovoltage

A

in dental imaging, the x-ray tube peak voltage used during an exposure

244
Q

forshortened image

A

an image of a tooth that appears short and distorted

245
Q

disinfect

A

to inhibit or destroy disease-causing microorganisms through the use of a chemical or physical procedure

246
Q

nutrient canal (anatomic term)

A

a tiny tubelike passageway through bone which contains blood vessels and nerves that supply teeth and interdental areas (appears radiolucent)

247
Q

informed consent

A

consent given by a patient after complete disclosure about the particulars of a procedure

248
Q

direct digital imaging

A

a method of obtaining a digital image in which an intraoral sensor is exposed to x-radiation to capture an image that can be viewed on a computer monitor

249
Q

occlusal severe caries

A

caries located on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth that extends into dentin (appears as a large radiolucency)

250
Q

soft tissue opacity

A

a term used to describe a well-defined radiopacity viewed on a dental image that is located in soft tissue

251
Q

absorption

A
  • the total transfer of energy from the x-ray photon to the atoms of matter through which the x-ray beam passes
  • depends on the energy of the x-ray beam and the composition of the absorbing matter or tissues
252
Q

septum (plural: septa) (anatomic term)

A

bont wall or partition that divides a cavity into separate areas (appears radiopaque)

253
Q

body of the mandible (anatomic term)

A

the U-shaped horizontal portion of the mandible that extends from ramus to ramus

254
Q

elongation

A
  • a term used in imaging to describe an image of a tooth that appears longer than the actual tooth
  • results from flat or insufficient vertical angulation
255
Q

dose

A

the amount of energy absorbed by a tissue

256
Q

tungsten filament

A

a coiled wire of tungsten in the cathode in the x-ray tube that produces electrons when heated

257
Q

incisal

A

the chewing edge of anterior teeth

258
Q

radiopaque

A

the portion of an image that is light or white, due to the structure resisting the passage of the x-ray beam and limiting the amount of x-rays that reach the receptor

259
Q

localized bone loss

A

bone loss that occurs in isolated areas

260
Q

head positioner

A
  • one of the component parts of a panoramic unit that is used to position and stabilize the patient’s head
  • includes a chin rest, notched bite-block, forehead rest, and lateral head supports
261
Q

exposure time

A

the interval during which x-rays are produced

262
Q

right-angle technique

A

a localization technique in which the orientation of structures can be seen in two images (one periapical and one occlusal)

263
Q

zygoma / zygomatic bone / malar bone (anatomic term)

A

the cheekbone (appears as a diffuse radiopaque band posterior to the zygomatic process of the maxilla)

264
Q

standard precautions

A

measures that include a standard of care designed to protect health care personnel and patients from pathogens that can be spread by blood or any other bodily fluid, excretion, or secretion

265
Q

subject contrast

A

the characteristics of the subject (patient) that influence contrast, including the size and thickness of the patient

266
Q

direct theory of radiation

A

a theory that suggests that cell damage results when ionizing radiation hits critical areas directly within the cell

267
Q

pterygomaxillary fissure (anatomic term)

A

a narrow space or cleft that separates the lateral pterygoid plate and the maxilla (on a panoramic image, appears radiolucent)

268
Q

extraoral receptor

A

an image receptor is placed outside the mouth to examine large areas of the skull or jaws

269
Q

supernumerary teeth / hyperdontia

A

extra teeth that develop in addition to the normal human dentition

270
Q

multilocular

A

a term used to describe a radiolucent lesion on a dental image that exhibits multiple compartments

271
Q

facilitation skills

A

interpersonal skills used to ease communication and to develop a trusting relationship between the dental professional and the patient

272
Q

torus (plural: tori)

A

a bony growth in the oral cavity

273
Q

external oblique ridge / external oblique line (anatomic term)

A

a linear prominence of bone located on the external surface of the body of the mandible (appears radiopaque)

274
Q

indirect theory of radiation

A

a theory suggesting that cell damage results indirectly, where x-ray photons are absorbed with the cell, causing the formation of toxins, which in turn, damage the cell

275
Q

buccal

A

the tooth surface towards the cheek on posterior teeth

276
Q

hypotenuse (geometry term)

A

in geometry, the side of a right triangle opposite the right angle

277
Q

periodontal ligament space (PDL)

A
  • a space that exists between the root of a tooth and the lamina dura (appears radiolucent)
  • contains connective tissue fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics
278
Q

image

A

a picture or likeness of an object

279
Q

pulp cavity

A

a cavity within a tooth that includes both the pulp chamber and the pulp canals, containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics (appears radiolucent)

280
Q

low contrast

A

a term describing an image with many shades of gray and few areas of black and white

281
Q

right angle (geometry term)

A

in geometry, an angle of 90 degrees formed by two lines perpendicular to each other

282
Q

alternating current (AC)

A

a current in which electrons flow in opposite directions

283
Q

diagnosis

A

identification of a disease by examination or analysis

284
Q

cervical / gingival

A

the tooth surface towards the gumline/cervical third area

285
Q

uvula (anatomic term)

A

a small, fleshy extension located on the free edge of the soft palate at the midline

286
Q

palatoglossal air space (anatomic term)

A

refers to the space found between the palate and the tongue (on a panoramic image, appears as a horizontal radiolucent band located superior to the apices of maxillary teeth)

287
Q

total filtration

A

the combination of the inherent filtration and added filtration in an x-ray machine

288
Q

frequency

A
  • the number of wavelengths that pass a given point in a certain amount of time
  • indicates the energy of a radiation
289
Q

glenoid fossa (anatomic term)

A

a concave, depressed area of the temporal bone where the mandibular condyle rests

290
Q

control devices

A
  • the components of the control panel of the x-ray machine that regulate the x-ray beam
  • includes the timer, kilovoltage and milliamperage selectors
291
Q

overexposed image

A

an exposure error that results in a dark image from excessive exposure time, kilovoltage, or milliamperage, or a combination of these factors

292
Q

patient relations

A

the relationship between the patient and the dental professional

293
Q

standard of care

A

in dentistry, the quality of care that is provided by dental practitioners in a similar locality under the same or similar conditions

294
Q

incisive foramen (anatomic term)

A

an opening or hole in bone located at the midline of the anterior hard palate directly posterior to the maxillary central incisors (appears radiolucent)

295
Q

charge-coupled device (CCD)

A

a solid-state silicon chip detector found in an intraoral digital sensor that converts light or x-ray photons into an electrical charge or signal

296
Q

extraoral image

A
  • an image that results when an image receptor is placed outside the mouth and is exposed to x-rays
  • used to examine large areas of the skull or jaws
297
Q

foramen (anatomic term)

A

an opening or hole in bone that permits the passage of nerves and blood vessels (appears radiolucent)

298
Q

critical instrument

A

instruments that are used to penetrate soft tissue or bone and must be sterilized after each use

299
Q

hyoid bone (anatomic term)

A

a horseshoe-shaped bone that lies below the mandible, between the chin and thyroid cartilage (appears radiopaque on a panoramic image)

300
Q

digital image

A

an image composed of pixels

301
Q

periodontium

A

specialized tissues that surround and support teeth, such as the gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone

302
Q

circuit

A

a path of electrical current

303
Q

contrast

A
  • how sharply dark and light areas are differentiated or separated on an image
  • the difference in the degrees of blackness (densities) between adjacent areas on a dental image
304
Q

stochastic effects of radiation

A
  • biologic effects from radiation that occur as a direct function of dose
  • the probability of occurrence increases with increasing absorbed dose; however, the severity of effects does not depend on the magnitude of the absorbed dose
305
Q

periapical lesion

A

a lesion located around the apex of a tooth

306
Q

coronal plane

A
  • a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sides
  • runs perpendicular to the ground
307
Q

scale of contrast

A

the range of useful densities on a dental images

308
Q

intensity

A
  • the total energy of the x-ray beam
  • the product of the quantity (number of x-ray photons) and quality (energy of each photon) per unit of area per time of exposure
309
Q

nonvital

A

not living

310
Q

right triangle (geometry term)

A

in geometry, a triangle with one 90-degree angle

311
Q

cavitation / cavity

A

a hole in a tooth that results from the caries process (appears radiolucent)

312
Q

periapical

A

around the apex of a tooth

313
Q

superior foramina of the incisive canal (anatomic term)

A

two tiny openings or holes in bone that are located on the floor of the nasal cavity (appear radiolucent)

314
Q

tubehead seal

A

the aluminum or leaded-glass covering of the tubehead that seals the oil in the tubehead and filters the x-ray beam

315
Q

polychromatic x-ray beam

A

an x-ray beam containing many different wavelengths of varying intensities

316
Q

density

A

the overall darkness or blackness of an image

317
Q

electromagnetic spectrum

A
  • the entire range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiations
  • extends from gamma rays (with the shortest wavelengths) to radio waves (with the longest wavelengths)
318
Q

position-indicating device (PID) / cone

A
  • an open-ended, lead-lined cylinder extending from the opening of the tubehead

*aims and shapes the x-ray beam

319
Q

gagging

A

the strong involuntary effort to vomit

320
Q

line pairs/millimeter (lp/mm)

A

a measurement used to evaluate the ability of the computer to capture the resolution (detail) of an image

321
Q

liable

A
  • accountable
  • legally obligated
322
Q

posterior

A

towards the back

323
Q

physiologic resorption

A

resorption of the teeth associated with the normal shedding of deciduous teeth

324
Q

digital imaging

A

a system of filmless imaging used to capture an image using a sensor, breaking it into electronic pieces, and presenting and storing the image using a computer

325
Q

background radiation

A

a form of ionizing radiation that is ubiquitous in the environment (ex: cosmic and terrestrial radiation)

326
Q

voxel / volume element / three-dimensional pixel

A

the smallest element of a three-dimensional image

327
Q

interproximal incipient caries

A

caries located between two teeth that extends less than halfway through the thickness of the enamel (appears radiolucent)

328
Q

step-down transformer

A

in dental imaging, a device used to decrease the incoming voltage from 110 or 220 volts to the low voltage required (usually 3-5 volts)

329
Q

transcranial projection

A

an extraoral projection used to evaluate the superior surface of the condyle and the articular eminence or to evaluate the movement of the condyle when the mouth is opened and to compare joint spaces

330
Q

sharp

A

any object that can penetrate skin, including but not limited to, needles and scalpels

331
Q

mandibular canal (anatomic term)

A

a tubelike passageway through bone that travels the length of the mandible (appears radiolucent with radiopaque borders)

332
Q

element

A

substances that make up only one type of an atom

333
Q

protective barrier

A

a barrier of radiation-absorbing material used to protect the operator from primary and scatter radiation (ex: a wall)

334
Q

medial

A

toward the midline of the body

335
Q

bite-wing receptor

A

an intraoral image receptor used to examine the crowns of both maxillary and mandibular teeth on one image

336
Q

anterior

A

towards the front

337
Q

indicator light

A

a component of the dental x-ray machine control panel that, when illuminated, indicates that the dental x-ray machine is turned on

338
Q

pathologic resorption

A

resorption of a tooth not associated with the normal shedding of deciduous teeth

339
Q

interproximal advanced caries

A

caries located between two teeth that extends to the dentino-enamel junction or through the dentino-enamel junction and into the dentin but does not extend through the dentin more than half the distance towards the pulp (appears radiolucent)

340
Q

buccal object rule

A
  • a method used to illustrate the orientation of structures portrayed in two images exposed at different angulations
  • used to determine the buccal-lingual relationship of an object
341
Q

radiolucent

A

the portion of an image that is dark or black, due to the structure readily permitting the passage of the x-ray beam and allowing more x-rays to reach the image receptor

342
Q

short-term effects of radiation

A

effects of radiation that appear within minutes, days, or weeks, due to large amounts of radiation absorbed in a short time

343
Q

gag reflex / pharyngeal reflex

A

gagging that is elicited by stimulation of the sensitive tissues of the soft palate region

344
Q

sclerotic bone / osteosclerosis / idiopathic periapical osteosclerosis (anatomic term)

A

a term used to describe a well-defined radiopacity viewed on a dental image located below the apices of vital, noncarious teeth

345
Q

lingual

A

the tooth surface towards the tongue

346
Q

bloodborne pathogens

A

microorganisms present in blood that cause disease in humans

347
Q

maxillary topographic occlusal projection

A

a type of occlusal projection used to examine the palate and anterior teeth of the maxilla

348
Q

periapical receptor

A

an intraoral image receptor used to examine the entire tooth (crown and root) and supporting bone

349
Q

mandibular condyle (anatomic term)

A

a rounded projection of bone extending from the posterosuperior border of the ramus of the mandible (appears radiopaque)

350
Q

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

A

the jaw joint, including the temporal bone, the mandible, and the articular disc between the two bones

351
Q

interproximal severe caries

A

cares located between two teeth that extend through enamel, through dentin, and more than half the distance toward the pulp (appears radiolucent)

352
Q

Frankfort plane

A

the imaginary plane that intersects the orbital rim of the eye and opening of the ear

353
Q

equilateral triangle (geometry term)

A

in geometry, a triangle with three equal sides

354
Q

canal (anatomic term)

A

a tubelike passageway through bone that houses nerves and blood vessels (appears radiolucent with radiopaque borders)

355
Q

alveolar process

A

portion of the maxilla or mandible that encases and supports teeth

356
Q

fossa (anatomic term)

A

a broad, shallow, scooped-out or depressed area of bone (appears radiolucent)

357
Q

tomogram

A

an extraoral image used to examine the bony components of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

358
Q

thermionic emission

A

the release of electrons from the tungsten filament when the electrical current passes through it and heats the filament

359
Q

barrier sleeve

A

a plastic shield that protects an intraoral receptor from saliva and is used to minimize contamination

360
Q

mandibular foramen (anatomic term)

A

a round or ovoid hole in bone on the lingual aspect of the ramus of the mandible (appears radiolucent)

361
Q

focal spot

A

the tungsten target of the anode that converts bombarding electrons into x-ray photons, concentrating the electrons and creating an enormous amount of heat

362
Q

liability

A

legal accountability

363
Q

focal opacity

A

a term used to describe a well-defined, localized radiopaque lesion viewed on a dental image

364
Q

three-dimensional digital imaging

A

an image that demonstrates structures in three dimensions

365
Q

vacuum tube

A

a sealed glass tube from which most of the air has been evacuated

366
Q

target-surface distance

A

the distance from the source of x-rays (tungsten target in the anode) to the surface of the patient’s skin

367
Q

mental foramen (anatomic term)

A

an opening or hole in bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars (appears radiolucent)

368
Q

radiolucency

A

an area on a dental image appears radiolucent ((dark/black) due to readily allowing the passage of the x-ray beam so that more x-rays reach the image receptor

369
Q

cell

A

the basic structural unit of living organisms

370
Q

control panel

A

a part of the x-ray machine that contains an on/off switch and indicator light, an exposure button and indicator light, and control devices to regulate the x-ray beam

371
Q

long-term effects of radiation

A
  • effects of radiation that appear years, decades, or generations after exposure
  • associated with small amounts of radiation absorbed repeatedly over a long period of time
372
Q

negligence

A
  • omission or failure to provide reasonable precaution, care, or action
  • occurs when the diagnosis made or the dental treatment falls below the standard of care
373
Q

submentovertex projection

A

an extraoral projection used to identify the position of the condyles, demonstrate the base of the skull, and evaluate fractures of the zygomatic arch

374
Q

quantity of the x-ray beam

A
  • the number of x-rays produced in the dental x-ray unit
  • controlled by the milliamperage
375
Q

semicritical instruments

A

instruments that contact but do not penetrate soft tissue or bone and must be sterilized after each use

376
Q

suture (anatomic term)

A

an immovable joint that represents a line of union between adjoining bones of the skull (appears radiolucent)

377
Q

double image

A
  • an exposure error that occurs when a PSP receptor is exposed twice in the patient’s mouth
  • appears dark as the result of two superimposed images
378
Q

target-receptor distance

A

the distance from the source of radiation (tungsten target in the anode) to the image receptor

379
Q

tactile stimuli

A

stimuli originating from touch

380
Q

disinfection

A

the act of disinfecting

381
Q

target-object distance

A

the distance from the source of x-rays (tungsten target in the anode) to the object being imaged (tooth)

382
Q

risk management

A

the policies and procedures that the dental professional should follow to reduce the change that a patient will take legal action against the dental professional or the supervising dentist

383
Q

parallel (geometry term)

A

moving or lying in the same plane; always separated by the same distance and not intersecting

384
Q

nonmetallic restoration

A
  • restorations that do not completely absorb x-rays (ex: porcelain, composite, acrylic)
  • vary in appearance from slightly radiopaque to radiolucent, depending on the density of the material
385
Q

median palatal suture (anatomic term)

A

the immovable joint between the two palatine processes of the maxilla (appears radiolucent)

386
Q

irregular radiopacity

A

a term used to describe a radiopacity viewed on a dental image that has irregular, ill-defined borders

387
Q

alveolar crest / crestal bone

A
  • the most coronal portion of alveolar bone found between teeth
  • composed of cortical bone (appears radiopaque)
388
Q

mental fossa (anatomic term)

A

a scooped-out, depressed area of bone located on the external of the anterior mandible (appears radiopaque)

389
Q

amalgam

A

a restorative dental material, composed of an alloy and mercury (appears radiopaque)

390
Q

root surface caries

A

caries located on the root surfaces of teeth (appears radiolucent)

391
Q

transformer

A

a device used to increase or decrease the voltage of incoming electricity

392
Q

localization techniques

A

method used to locate the position of a tooth or object in the jaws

393
Q

vertical bite-wing

A

the bite-wing receptor is placed in the mouth with the long portion of the receptor in a vertical direction

394
Q

electron volt

A

the unit of measurement for the binding energy of orbital electrons

395
Q

periapical image

A

intraoral image that is used to examine the crowns and roots of teeth

396
Q

cumulative occupational dose

A

the accumulated lifetime radiation dose for occupationally exposed workers

397
Q

radiation monitoring badge

A

a device used to measure and monitor radiation exposure, worn by persons frequently exposed to radiation

398
Q

glossopharyngeal air space (anatomic term)

A

refers to the airspace of the pharynx located posterior to the tongue and oral cavity (on a panoramic image, appears as a vertical radiolucent band superimposed over the ramus of the mandible)

399
Q

kiloelectron volt (keV)

A

the unit of measurement for the binding energies of orbital electrons

400
Q

composite resin

A

a tooth-colored restorative material that is bonded to tooth structure (appears radiolucent)

401
Q

binding energy / electrostatic force / binding force

A
  • the attraction between the positive nucleus and the negative electrons that maintains electrons in their orbits
  • determined by the distance between the nucleus and electrons
402
Q

edentulous patient

A

a patient without teeth

403
Q

exposure button

A

a component of the dental x-ray machine control panel the activates the x-ray machine to produce x-rays

404
Q

coulomb (C)

A

a unit of electrical charge

405
Q

vital

A

living

406
Q

energy

A

what occurs when matter is altered

407
Q

extrusion

A

the abnormal displacement of teeth out of bone

408
Q

pediatric patient

A

child patient

409
Q

intermediate-level disinfectant

A
  • chemical germicides classified by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as both “hospital disinfectants” and “tuberculocidals”
  • recommended for all surfaces that have been contaminated
410
Q

electromagnetic radiation

A

the propagation of wavelike energy through space or matter, accompanied by electric and magnetic fields (ex: cosmic rays, gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared light, radar waves, microwaves, and radio waves)

411
Q

adjacent / proximal

A

objects next to/touching each other

412
Q

magnification

A
  • a geometric characteristic that refers to an image that appears larger than the actual size of the object it represents
  • influenced by target-receptor distance and object-receptor distance
413
Q

autotransformer

A

a voltage compensator that corrects for minor fluctuations in the current flowing through the x-ray machine

414
Q

orbit / shell

A

the well-defined path of an electron around the nucleus of an atom

415
Q

paralleling technique / extension cone paralleling (XCP) technique / right-angle technique / long-cone technique

A
  • an intraoral imaging technique used to expose periapical receptors, where the receptor is placed parallel to the long axis of the tooth, the central ray is directed perpendicular to the receptor and the long axis of the tooth
  • a beam alignment device must be used to keep the receptor parallel to the long axis to the tooth
416
Q

cathode

A
  • the negative electrode in the x-ray tube
  • consists of a tungsten wire filament in a molybdenum cup
  • supplies the electrons necessary to generate x-rays
417
Q

rotation center

A

in panoramic imaging, the axis or pivotal point on which the image receptor and the x-ray tubehead rotate around the patient

418
Q

buccal caries

A

caries located on the buccal tooth surface (appears radiolucent)

419
Q

Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data

A

the universal format for handling, storing, and transmitting three-dimensional images

420
Q

spatial resolution

A

a measurement of pixel size in multiplanar reconstruction

421
Q

secondary radiation

A
  • radiation created when the primary beam interacts with matter
  • less penetrating than primary radiation
422
Q

lateral pterygoid plate (anatomic term)

A

a wing-shaped bony projection of the sphenoid bone located distal to the maxillary tuberosity region (on a panoramic image, appears radiopaque)

423
Q

cell differentiation

A

individual characteristics of a cell that determine the response of the cell to radiation exposure

424
Q

complementary metal oxide semiconductor-active pixel sensor (CMOS-APS)

A
  • silicon-based detector used in digital imaging
  • differs from the charge-coupled device in the way that pixels are read*
425
Q

image receptor

A

a recording medium (ex: PSP plate, digital sensor)

426
Q

unilocular noncorticated

A

describes a radiolucency on a dental image that exhibits one compartment without a well-defined outer border

427
Q

contrast resolution

A

the number of gray-scale colors available to be chosen for each pixel in the image

428
Q

noncritical instrument

A

instruments that do not come in contact with mucous membranes

429
Q

rampant

A

growing or spreading unchecked

430
Q

radiosensitive cell

A

a cell that is sensitive to radiation (ex: small lymphocytes, blood, immature reproductive, young bone, and epithelial cells)

431
Q

periodontal

A

around a tooth

432
Q

developmental disability

A

a substantial impairment of mental or physical functioning that occurs before age 22 and is of indefinite duration

433
Q

quality assurance

A

special procedures used to ensure the production of high-quality, diagnostic images

434
Q

cathode ray

A

a stream of high-speed electrons that originate from the cathode in an x-ray tube

435
Q

hypercementosis

A

the excess deposition of cementum on the root surfaces of teeth (appears radiopaque)

436
Q

labial mounting

A

an image mounting method in which the radiographs are placed in the mount for the dental radiographer to view the images from the labial aspect

437
Q

interpretation

A

an explanation

438
Q

mandibular pediatric occlusal projection

A

a type of occlusal projection used to examine the anterior teeth of the mandible in children aged 5 years or younger

439
Q

elongated image

A

an image of a tooth that appears long and distorted

440
Q

infectious waste

A

waste that consists of blood, blood products, contaminated sharps, or other microbiologic products

441
Q

styloid process (anatomic term)

A

a long, pointed, and sharp projection of bone that extends downward from the inferior surface of the temporal bone; located anterior to the mastoid process (on a panoramic image, appears radiopaque)

442
Q

clinical attachment loss (CAL)

A

the measurement in millimeters of the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and the case of the sulcus or periodontal pocket

443
Q

extraoral imaging

A

an inspection of large areas of the skull or jaws that requires the use of extraoral imaging receptors

444
Q

nasal cavity / nasal fossa (anatomic term)

A

a pear-shaped compartment of bone located superior to the maxilla (appears radiolucent)

445
Q

maxilla

A

the upper jaw

446
Q

target lesion

A

a term used to describe a well-defined, localized radiopacity viewed on a dental image that is surrounded by a uniform radiolucent halo

447
Q

tubehead

A
  • the tightly sealed heavy metal housing that contains the dental x-ray tube, including the metal housing, insulating oil, tubehead seal, x-ray tube, transformers, aluminum disks, lead collimator, and position-indicating device
  • contains a filament used to produce electrons and a target used to produce x-rays
448
Q

horizontal angulation

A

the positioning of the position-indicating device in a horizontal plane

449
Q

pericoronal

A

around the crown of a tooth

450
Q

physical disability

A

a physical impairment involving vision, hearing, or mobility

451
Q

mastoid process (anatomic term)

A

a marked prominence of the temporal bone located posterior and inferior to the temporomandibular joint (on a panoramic image, appears radiopaque)

452
Q

metal housing

A

the metal casing of the dental x-ray tubehead that houses the x-ray tube and transformers

453
Q

lateral jaw projection- body of the mandible

A

an extraoral projection used to evaluate the posterior body of the mandible in order to evaluate impacted teeth, fractures, and lesions located in the body of the mandible

454
Q

temporomandibular joint tomography

A

an extraoral imaging technique used to examine the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

455
Q

radiation biology

A

the study of the effects of ionizing radiation on living tissues

456
Q

extension arm

A

a part of the dental x-ray machine that suspends the x-ray tubehead and houses the electrical wires that extend from the control panel to the tubehead

457
Q

lingual caries

A

caries located on the lingual tooth surface (appears radiolucent)

458
Q

incisive canal / nasopalatine canal (anatomic term)

A

a passageway through bone that extends from the superior foramina of the incisive canal to the incisive foramen

459
Q

coherent scatter / unmodified scatter

A
  • one of the interactions of x-radiation with matter in which the path of a low-energy x-ray photon interacts with an outer-shell electron
  • no change in the atom occurs, and an x-ray photon of scattered radiation is produced
460
Q

curve of Spee (anatomic term)

A

the anterior-posterior anatomic curvature of the occlusal surfaces of the teeth

461
Q

parenteral exposure

A

contact with blood or other infectious materials that results from piercing or puncturing the skin barrier

462
Q

analog image

A

an image produced on conventional film that looks like the thing it represents

463
Q

lingual mounting

A

an image mounting method in which the radiographs are placed in the mount for the dental radiographer to view the images from the lingual aspect

464
Q

mesial

A

the tooth surface towards the midline of the mouth

465
Q

penumbra

A

the unsharpness or blurring of the edges of a structure viewed on a dental image

466
Q

full mouth series (FMX) / complete mouth series (CMS)

A

an intraoral series of dental images that show all of the tooth-bearing areas of the upper and lower jaws

467
Q

alveolar bone

A

bone of the maxilla and mandible that supports and encases the roots of teeth (appears radiopaque)

468
Q

wavelength

A
  • the distance between the crest of one wave and the crest of the next wave
  • determines the energy and penetrating power of the radiation
469
Q

fracture

A

the breaking of a part (appears as a thin radiolucent line)

470
Q

digital subtraction

A

a feature of digital imaging used to reverse the gray scale as an image is being viewed, causing radiolucent images (normally black) to appear white and radiopaque images (normally white) to appear black

471
Q

Reverse Towne projection

A

an extraoral projection used to identify fractures of the condylar neck or ramus area

472
Q

insulating oil

A

oil that surrounds the x-ray tube and transformers inside the x-ray tubehead

473
Q

perpendicular (geometry term)

A

intersecting at or forming right angles

474
Q

edentulous

A
  • without teeth
  • an area where teeth are no longer present
475
Q

cephalostat

A

in extraoral imaging, a device that includes a receptor holder and head positioner that allow the dental radiographer to position both receptor and patient easily

476
Q

mental ridge (anatomic term)

A

a linear prominence of a cortical bone located on the external surface of the anterior portion of the mandible (appears radiopaque)

477
Q

lipline

A

an area of soft tissue seen on panoramic images formed by the positioning of the patient’s lips

478
Q

bite-wing technique / interproximal technique

A

an intraoral imaging technique in which the interproximal surfaces of teeth are examined

479
Q

focal trough / image layer

A

a three-dimensional curved zone in which structures are clearly demonstrated on a panoramic image

480
Q

mitotic activity

A
  • process of cell division
  • determines the response of a cell to radiation exposure (cells that divide frequently are more sensitive to radiation)
481
Q

step-up transformer

A

in dental imaging, a device used to increase the incoming line voltage from 110 or 220 volts to the high voltage required (usually 65,000-100,000 volts)

482
Q

recovery period

A

the period during which cellular damage caused by radiation is followed by repair

483
Q

radiology

A
  • the science or study of radiation as used in medicine
  • a branch of medical science that deals with the use of x-rays, radioactive substances, and other forms of radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease
484
Q

nanometer

A

a measurement used for wavelength

485
Q

horizontal

A

a side-to-side plane

486
Q

stepwedge

A

a device constructed of uniform-layered thickness of an x-ray absorbing material (usually aluminum) used to demonstrate densities and contrast scales

487
Q

non-diagnostic image

A

an image that is not diagnostically accurate due to technique errors and must be retaken

488
Q

Rinn Snap-A-Ray Holder

A

an intraoral receptor holder used to stabilize an image receptor during exposure

489
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline of the body

490
Q

atomic weight / mass number

A

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

491
Q

Stabe Biteblock

A

a disposable styrofoam device that can be used to hold an image receptor during exposure

492
Q

period of injury

A

occurs after the latent period following exposure to radiation and can include a variety of cellular injuries

493
Q

congruent triangles (geometry term)

A

in geometry, triangles that are identical and correspond exactly when superimposed

494
Q

thyroid collar

A

a flexible lead shield used to protect the thyroid gland from scatter radiation during exposure

495
Q

nasal septum (anatomic term)

A

a vertical bony wall or partition that divides the nasal cavity into the right and left nasal fossae (appears radiopaque)

496
Q

external auditory meatus / external acoustic meatus (anatomic term)

A

a hole or opening in the temporal bone located superior and anterior to the mastoid process

497
Q

maxillary sinuses (anatomic term)

A

paired cavities or compartments of bone located within the maxilla and located superior to the maxillary posterior teeth (appear radiolucent)

498
Q

posterior teeth

A

first and second premolars/bicuspids, and first, second and third molars

499
Q

interpret

A

to offer an explanation

500
Q

Rinn XCP instrument

A
  • a type of beam alignment device that is used with the paralleling technique
  • includes plastic bite blocks, plastic aiming rings, and metal indicator arms
501
Q

chairside manner

A

the manner in which a dental professional conducts themself at the chairside of a patient

502
Q

intraoral

A

inside the mouth

503
Q

genetic effects

A

effects of radiation that are not seen in the person irradiated but are passed on the future generations through genetic cells

504
Q

disclosure

A

in dental imaging, the process of informing a patient about the particulars of exposing dental images

505
Q

maximum permissible dose (MPD)

A
  • maximum dose equivalent that a body is permitted to receive in a specific period
  • the dose of radiation that the body can endure with little to no injury
506
Q

alpha particles

A
  • a type of particulate radiation emitted from the nuclei of heavy metals
  • contain two protons and two neutrons and are positively charged
507
Q

volt (V)

A

the unit of measurement for voltage

508
Q

maxillary lateral occlusal projection

A

a type of occlusal projection used to examine the palatal roots of molar teeth and locate foreign bodies or lesions in the posterior maxilla

509
Q

interproximal moderate caries

A

caries located between two teeth that extends more than halfway through the thickness of the enamel but does not involve the dentino-enamel junction (appears radiolucent)

510
Q

zygomatic process of the maxilla (anatomic terms)

A

a bony projection of the maxilla that articulates with the zygoma (appears as a J-shaped or U-shaped radiopacity)

511
Q

risk

A

the likelihood of adverse effects or death resulting from exposure to a hazard

512
Q

floor of the nasal cavity (anatomic term)

A

a bony plate formed by the palatal process of the maxilla and the horizontal portions of the palatine bones (appears radiopaque)

513
Q

aluminum disks

A
  • disks or sheets of aluminum, usually 0.5mm thick, that are placed in path of the x-ray beam
  • used to filter our the nonpenetrating, longer-wavelength x-rays
514
Q

periapical granuloma

A

a lesion characterized by a localized mass of granulation tissue around the apex of a nonvital tooth (appears radiolucent)

515
Q

genial tubercles (anatomic term)

A
  • tiny bumps of bone located on the lingual surface of the anterior mandible (appear radiopaque)
  • serves as attachment sites for the genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles
516
Q

periodontal disease

A

a group of diseases that affect the tissues around teeth

517
Q

image receptor holder

A

a device used to hold an intraoral image receptor in the mouth and stabilize the receptor’s position during the exposure

518
Q

occlusal technique

A

the method used to expose a receptor in occlusal examination

519
Q

mixed lucent-opaque

A

a term used to describe a lesion viewed on a dental image that exhibits both radiolucent and radiopaque components

520
Q

collimator / collimating device

A

a diaphragm, usually made of lead, used to restrict the size and shape of the x-ray beam

521
Q

quality control tests

A

specific tests designed to maintain and monitor dental x-ray equipment and supplies

522
Q

dentulous

A
  • with teeth
  • areas that exhibit teeth
523
Q

ear (anatomic term)

A

structure composed of cartilage with a thin covering of connective tissue and skin (on a panoramic image, appears as a radiopaque shadow projecting anteriorly and inferiorly from the mastoid process)

524
Q

calculus

A

a stone-like concretion that forms on the crowns and roots of teeth as a result of the calcification of bacterial plaque (appears radiopaque)

525
Q

inferior

A

describes an area that is lower on a vertical axis

526
Q

beta particles

A

fast-moving electrons emitted from the nucleus of radioactive atoms

527
Q

intraoral image

A
  • an image the results when an image receptor is placed inside the mouth and exposed to x-rays
  • used to examine teeth
528
Q

subject thickness

A

the thickness of soft tissue and bone in a patient

529
Q

forshortening

A
  • a term describing the image of a tooth that appears shorter than the actual tooth
  • results from steep or excessive vertical angulation
530
Q

sensor

A

in digital imaging, an image receptor that is used to capture an intraoral or extraoral image

531
Q

half-value layer (HVL)

A

the thickness of material that, when placed in the path of the x-ray beam, reduces the exposure rate by one-half

532
Q

axial plane

A
  • a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts
  • runs parallel to the ground
533
Q

bisecting technique

A
  • an intraoral imaging technique used to expose periapical receptors
  • the image receptor is placed along the lingual surface of the tooth, the central ray of the x-ray beam is directed perpendicular to the imaginary bisector formed by the image receptor and the long axis of the tooth
  • receptor holder is used to stabilize the image receptor
534
Q

ampere (A)

A

the unit of measure used to describe the number of electrons passing through a conductor * (electrical current strength)*

535
Q

high-voltage circuit

A
  • the circuit that provides the high voltage required to accelerate electrons and to generate x-rays in the x-ray tube
  • controlled by the kilovoltage settings
  • uses 65,000-100,000 volts
536
Q

molybdenum cup

A

a portion of the cathode in the x-ray tube that focuses the electrons into a narrow beam and directs that beam across the tube toward the tungsten target in the anode

537
Q

dental pediatrics

A

the branch of dentistry dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of dental diseases in children

538
Q

amperage

A
  • the number of electrons that pass through a conductor
  • the strength of an electrical current
539
Q

lateral fossa (anatomic term)

A

a smooth, depressed area of the maxilla located just interior and medial to the infraorbital foramen between the maxillary canine and lateral incisor (appears radiolucent)

540
Q

latent period

A

the amount of time that elapses between exposure to ionizing radiation and the appearance of observable clinical signs

541
Q

cone beam volume tomography (CBVT) / cone beam volume imagining (CBVI)

A

the term used for computer-assisted digital imaging in dentistry to differentiate the dental imaging procedure from medical computer tomography (CT)

542
Q

mandibular cross-sectional occlusal projection

A

a type of occlusal projection used to examine the buccal and lingual aspects of the mandible and locate foreign bodies in the floor of the mouth

543
Q

inferior border of the mandible (anatomic term)

A

a linear prominence of cortical bone that defines the lower border of the mandible (appears radiopaque)

544
Q

horizontal bite-wing

A

the bite-wing receptor is placed in the mouth with the long portion of the receptor in a horizontal direction

545
Q

dental radiography

A

the production of radiographs of teeth and adjacent structures by the exposure of an image receptor to x-rays

546
Q

atomic number

A

the total number of protons in the nucleus, which is also equal to the number of electrons outside the nucleus

547
Q

occlusal moderate caries

A

caries located on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth that extend into dentin (appears as a thin radiolucent line)

548
Q

ghost image

A

an artifact on a dental image produced when a radiodense object (ex: earring) is penetrated twice by the x-ray beam (appears radiopaque)

549
Q

long-scale contrast

A
  • a term describing an image with many densities, or many shades of gray
  • results from the use of a higher kilovoltage range
550
Q

dental imaging

A

the creation of digital representation of anatomic structures for the purpose of diagnosis

551
Q

copper stem

A

a portion of the anode that dissipates heat away from the tungsten target

552
Q

multifocal confluent radiopacity

A

a term used to describe multiple radiopacities on a dental image that appear to overlap or flow together

553
Q

image interpretation

A
  • an explanation of what is viewed on a dental image
  • the ability to read what is revealed by a dental image
554
Q

photoelectric effect

A

one of the interactions of x-radiation with matter where the x-ray photon collides with a tightly bound, inner-shell electron and gives up all its energy to eject that electron from its orbit; all of the energy of the photon is absorbed by the displaced electron in the form of kinetic energy

555
Q

exposure factors

A

factors that influence the density of an image (ex: milliamperage, kilovoltage, exposure time)

556
Q

x-ray tube

A

a component part of the x-ray tubehead that generates x-rays, including the leaded-glass vacuum tube, cathode, and anode

557
Q

confidential

A
  • private
  • in dental imaging, all information contained in the dental record is private
558
Q

characteristic radiation

A

a form of radiation that occurs when a high-speed electron dislodges from an inner-shell electron from an atom, causing ionization of the atom

559
Q

lead collimator

A

a lead diaphragm used to restrict the size and shape of the x-ray beam

560
Q

occlusal receptor

A

an image receptor is placed intraorally so that the patient occludes on the receptor in order to examine large areas of the maxilla or mandible

561
Q

coronoid process (anatomical term)

A

a marked prominence of bone located on the anterior ramus of the mandible (appears radiopaque)

562
Q

endodontic

A

found within a tooth

DANB RHS Exam (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions