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DANB RHS Exam (new) > Anatomic Key Terms Only > Flashcards

Anatomic Key Terms Only Flashcards

Use this deck to study all terms related to dental anatomy

1
Q

adjacent / proximal

A

objects next to/touching each other

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2
Q

alveolar bone

A

bone of the maxilla and mandible that supports and encases the roots of teeth (appears radiopaque)

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3
Q

alveolar bone loss

A

a loss of bone that surrounds and supports teeth in the maxilla and mandible

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4
Q

alveolar crest / crestal bone

A
  • the most coronal portion of alveolar bone found between teeth
  • composed of cortical bone (appears radiopaque)
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5
Q

alveolar process

A

portion of the maxilla or mandible that encases and supports teeth

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6
Q

anatomic order

A

the order in which teeth are arranged within the dental arches

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7
Q

angle of the mandible

A
  • the area of the mandible where the body meets the ramus
  • the corner portion formed by the junction of the posterior and lower borders on the ramus
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8
Q

anterior

A

towards the front

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9
Q

anterior nasal spine

A

a sharp projection of the maxilla located at the anteroinferior portion of the nasal cavity (appears radiopaque)

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10
Q

anterior teeth

A

central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines/cuspids

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11
Q

apex

A

the area of a tooth that allows for blood vessels and nerves to enter the tooth and maintain the vitality of the tooth

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12
Q

apical

A

towards the apex of a tooth

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13
Q

articular eminence

A

a rounded projection of the temporal bone located anterior to the glenoid fossa (appears radiopaque)

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14
Q

avulsion

A

the complete displacement of a tooth from alveolar bone

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15
Q

axial plane

A
  • a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts
  • runs parallel to the ground
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16
Q

body of the mandible

A

the U-shaped horizontal portion of the mandible that extends from ramus to ramus

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17
Q

buccal

A

the tooth surface towards the cheek on posterior teeth

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18
Q

buccal caries

A

caries located on the buccal tooth surface (appears radiolucent)

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19
Q

calculus

A

a stone-like concretion that forms on the crowns and roots of teeth as a result of the calcification of bacterial plaque (appears radiopaque)

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20
Q

canal

A

a tubelike passageway through bone that houses nerves and blood vessels (appears radiolucent with radiopaque borders)

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21
Q

cancellous bone / trabecular bone

A

the soft, spongy bone located between the two layers of dense cortical bone (appears radiolucent)

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22
Q

caries

A

tooth decay caused by microorganisms (appears radiolucent)

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23
Q

cavitation / cavity

A

a hole in a tooth that results from the caries process (appears radiolucent)

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24
Q

cementum

A

calcified connective tissue that covers the outer root surface of the tooth

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25
Q

cervical / gingival

A

the tooth surface towards the gumline/cervical third area

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26
Q

clinical attachment loss (CAL)

A

the measurement in millimeters of the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and the case of the sulcus or periodontal pocket

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27
Q

condensing osteitis / chronic focal sclerosing osteomyelitis

A

a well-defined radiopacity seen below the apex of a nonvital tooth that has a history of long-standing pulpitis (appears radiopaque)

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28
Q

contact areas

A

the areas where adjacent tooth surfaces touch each other

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29
Q

coronal plane

A
  • a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sides
  • runs perpendicular to the ground
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30
Q

coronoid process

A

a marked prominence of bone located on the anterior ramus of the mandible (appears radiopaque)

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31
Q

cortical bone / compact bone

A

the dense outer layer of bone (appears radiopaque)

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32
Q

curve of Spee

A

the anterior-posterior anatomic curvature of the occlusal surfaces of the teeth

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33
Q

dentin

A

the tooth layer found between the enamel and surrounding the pulp cavity (appears radiopaque)

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34
Q

dentino-enamel junction (DEJ)

A

the junction between the dentin and enamel of a tooth

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35
Q

dentition

A

the character of a set of teeth, including their number, kind, and location/arrangement

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36
Q

dentulous

A
  • with teeth
  • areas that exhibit teeth
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37
Q

distal

A

the tooth surface away from the midline of the mouth

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38
Q

ear

A

structure composed of cartilage with a thin covering of connective tissue and skin (on a panoramic image, appears as a radiopaque shadow projecting anteriorly and inferiorly from the mastoid process)

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39
Q

edentulous

A
  • without teeth
  • an area where teeth are no longer present
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40
Q

edentulous patient

A

a patient without teeth

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41
Q

edentulous zone

A

an area where teeth are no longer present

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42
Q

enamel

A
  • the outermost layer of the crown of the tooth (appears radiopaque)
  • the densest structure in the human body
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43
Q

endodontic

A

found within a tooth

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44
Q

endodontic patient

A

a patient who has undergone endodontic therapy

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45
Q

endodontics

A

the branch of dentistry that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the dental pulp

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46
Q

external auditory meatus / external acoustic meatus

A

a hole or opening in the temporal bone located superior and anterior to the mastoid process

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47
Q

external oblique ridge / external oblique line

A

a linear prominence of bone located on the external surface of the body of the mandible (appears radiopaque)

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48
Q

external root resorption

A

a regressive alteration of root structure that occurs along the periphery of the root surface

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49
Q

extraoral

A

outside the mouth

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50
Q

extrusion

A

the abnormal displacement of teeth out of bone

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51
Q

facial / labial

A

the tooth surface towards the cheek/lips on anterior teeth

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52
Q

floor of the nasal cavity

A

a bony plate formed by the palatal process of the maxilla and the horizontal portions of the palatine bones (appears radiopaque)

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53
Q

foramen

A

an opening or hole in bone that permits the passage of nerves and blood vessels (appears radiolucent)

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54
Q

fossa

A

a broad, shallow, scooped-out or depressed area of bone (appears radiolucent)

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55
Q

fracture

A

the breaking of a part (appears as a thin radiolucent line)

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56
Q

furcation area

A

the area between the roots of multi-rooted teeth

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57
Q

gag reflex / pharyngeal reflex

A

gagging that is elicited by stimulation of the sensitive tissues of the soft palate region

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58
Q

gagging

A

the strong involuntary effort to vomit

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59
Q

generalized bone loss

A

bone loss that occurs evenly throughout the dental arches

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60
Q

genial tubercles

A
  • tiny bumps of bone located on the lingual surface of the anterior mandible (appear radiopaque)
  • serves as attachment sites for the genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles
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61
Q

glenoid fossa

A

a concave, depressed area of the temporal bone where the mandibular condyle rests

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62
Q

glossopharyngeal air space

A

refers to the airspace of the pharynx located posterior to the tongue and oral cavity (on a panoramic image, appears as a vertical radiolucent band superimposed over the ramus of the mandible)

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63
Q

gutta percha

A

rubberlike material used in endodontic therapy to fill the pulp canals and pulp chamber

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64
Q

hamulus / hamular process

A

a small, hooklike projection of bone that extends form the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone (appears radiopaque)

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65
Q

hard palate

A

the bony plate that separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity in the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth (appears radiopaque)

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66
Q

hyoid bone

A

a horseshoe-shaped bone that lies below the mandible, between the chin and thyroid cartilage (appears radiopaque on a panoramic image)

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67
Q

horizontal

A

a side-to-side plane

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68
Q

horizontal bone loss

A

bone loss that occurs in a plane parallel to the cemento-enamel junction of adjacent teeth

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69
Q

hypercementosis

A

the excess deposition of cementum on the root surfaces of teeth (appears radiopaque)

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70
Q

incipient

A

small, or beginning to exist or appear

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71
Q

incisal

A

the chewing edge of anterior teeth

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72
Q

incisive canal / nasopalatine canal

A

a passageway through bone that extends from the superior foramina of the incisive canal to the incisive foramen

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73
Q

incisive foramen

A

an opening or hole in bone located at the midline of the anterior hard palate directly posterior to the maxillary central incisors (appears radiolucent)

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74
Q

inferior

A

describes an area that is lower on a vertical axis

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75
Q

inferior border of the mandible

A

a linear prominence of cortical bone that defines the lower border of the mandible (appears radiopaque)

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76
Q

inferior nasal conchae

A

wafer-thin, curved plates of bone that extend from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity (appears radiopaque)

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77
Q

infraorbital foramen

A

a hole or opening in bone found inferior to the border of the orbit (on a panoramic image, appears radiolucent)

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78
Q

inter-radicular

A

between the roots of adjacent teeth

79
Q

internal root resorption

A

the destruction of dentin around the pulp cavity within the crown or root of a tooth (appears radiolucent)

80
Q

internal oblique ridge

A

a linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible that extends downward and forward from the ramus (appears radiopaque)

81
Q

interproximal

A

between two adjacent surfaces

82
Q

interproximal advanced caries

A

caries located between two teeth that extends to the dentino-enamel junction or through the dentino-enamel junction and into the dentin but does not extend through the dentin more than half the distance towards the pulp (appears radiolucent)

83
Q

interproximal caries

A

caries located between two adjacent teeth (appears radiolucent)

84
Q

interproximal incipient caries

A

caries located between two teeth that extends less than halfway through the thickness of the enamel (appears radiolucent)

85
Q

interproximal moderate caries

A

caries located between two teeth that extends more than halfway through the thickness of the enamel but does not involve the dentino-enamel junction (appears radiolucent)

86
Q

interproximal severe caries

A

cares located between two teeth that extend through enamel, through dentin, and more than half the distance toward the pulp (appears radiolucent)

87
Q

intersecting

A

cutting across or through

88
Q

intraoral

A

inside the mouth

89
Q

intrusion

A

the abnormal displacement of teeth into bone

90
Q

inverted Y

A

a landmark viewed on dental images above the maxillary canine that represents the intersection of the anterior border of the maxillary sinus and the lateral wall of the nasal fossa (appears radiopaque)

91
Q

lamina dura

A

the wall of the tooth socket that surrounds the root of a tooth (appears radiopaque)

92
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline of the body

93
Q

lateral fossa

A

a smooth, depressed area of the maxilla located just interior and medial to the infraorbital foramen between the maxillary canine and lateral incisor (appears radiolucent)

94
Q

lateral pterygoid plate

A

a wing-shaped bony projection of the sphenoid bone located distal to the maxillary tuberosity region (on a panoramic image, appears radiopaque)

95
Q

lingual

A

the tooth surface towards the tongue

96
Q

lingual caries

A

caries located on the lingual tooth surface (appears radiolucent)

97
Q

lingual foramen

A

a small opening or hole in bone surrounded by the genial tubercles and located at the midline of the internal surface of the mandible (appears radiolucent)

98
Q

lingula

A

a small, tongue-shaped projection of bone seen adjacent to the mandibular foramen (appears radiopaque)

99
Q

lipline

A

an area of soft tissue seen on panoramic images formed by the positioning of the patient’s lips

100
Q

localized bone loss

A

bone loss that occurs in isolated areas

101
Q

long axis of a tooth

A

an imaginary line that divides a tooth longitudinally into two equal halves

102
Q

luxation

A

the abnormal displacement of teeth

103
Q

mandible

A

the lower jaw

104
Q

mandibular canal

A

a tubelike passageway through bone that travels the length of the mandible (appears radiolucent with radiopaque borders)

105
Q

mandibular condyle

A

a rounded projection of bone extending from the posterosuperior border of the ramus of the mandible (appears radiopaque)

106
Q

mandibular foramen

A

a round or ovoid hole in bone on the lingual aspect of the ramus of the mandible (appears radiolucent)

107
Q

mandibular notch

A

a scooped-out concavity of bone located distal to the coronoid process on the ramus of the mandible

108
Q

mandibular teeth

A

teeth located in the mandible or lower arch

109
Q

mandibular torus / torus mandibularis

A

a bony growth seen along the lingual aspect of the mandible

110
Q

mastoid process

A

a marked prominence of the temporal bone located posterior and inferior to the temporomandibular joint (on a panoramic image, appears radiopaque)

111
Q

maxilla

A

the upper jaw

112
Q

maxillary sinuses

A

paired cavities or compartments of bone located within the maxilla and located superior to the maxillary posterior teeth (appear radiolucent)

113
Q

maxillary teeth

A

teeth located in the maxilla or upper arch

114
Q

maxillary torus / torus palatinus

A

a nodular mass of bone along the midline of the hard palate

115
Q

maxillary tuberosity

A

a rounded prominence of bone that extends posterior to the third molar region (appears radiopaque)

116
Q

medial

A

toward the midline of the body

117
Q

median palatal suture

A

the immovable joint between the two palatine processes of the maxilla (appears radiolucent)

118
Q

mental foramen

A

an opening or hole in bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars (appears radiolucent)

119
Q

mental fossa

A

a scooped-out, depressed area of bone located on the external of the anterior mandible (appears radiopaque)

120
Q

mental ridge

A

a linear prominence of a cortical bone located on the external surface of the anterior portion of the mandible (appears radiopaque)

121
Q

mesial

A

the tooth surface towards the midline of the mouth

122
Q

midsagittal plane

A

an imaginary line or plane passing through the center of the body that divides it into right and left halves

123
Q

mylohyoid ridge

A

a linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible that extends from the molar region downward and forward to the lower border of the mandible (appears radiopaque)

124
Q

nasal cavity / nasal fossa

A

a pear-shaped compartment of bone located superior to the maxilla (appears radiolucent)

125
Q

nasal septum

A

a vertical bony wall or partition that divides the nasal cavity into the right and left nasal fossae (appears radiopaque)

126
Q

nasopharyngeal air space

A

refers to the airspace portion of the pharynx located posterior to the nasal cavity (on a panoramic image, appears as a diagonal radiolucency located superior to the radiopaque shadow of the soft palate and uvula)

127
Q

nondeciduous teeth

A

permanent teeth that do not replace a primary/deciduous tooth (permanent first, second, and third molars)

128
Q

nonvital

A

not living

129
Q

nutrient canal

A

a tiny tubelike passageway through bone which contains blood vessels and nerves that supply teeth and interdental areas (appears radiolucent)

130
Q

occlusal

A

the chewing surfaces of posterior teeth

131
Q

occlusal caries

A

caries located on the chewing surfaces of posterior teeth (appears radiolucent)

132
Q

occlusal incipient caries

A
  • caries located on the occlusal surface of posterior teeth
  • cannot be seen on a radiograph
133
Q

occlusal moderate caries

A

caries located on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth that extend into dentin (appears as a thin radiolucent line)

134
Q

occlusal severe caries

A

caries located on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth that extends into dentin (appears as a large radiolucency)

135
Q

open contacts

A

on a dental image, appears as a thin radiolucent line between adjacent tooth surfaces

136
Q

opposing

A

maxillary and mandibular teeth that occlude together

137
Q

orbit

A

the bony cavity that contains the eyeball

138
Q

overlapped contacts

A

on a dental image, the area where the contact area of one tooth is superimposed over the contact areas of an adjacent tooth

139
Q

palate

A

the roof of the mouth

140
Q

palatoglossal air space

A

refers to the space found between the palate and the tongue (on a panoramic image, appears as a horizontal radiolucent band located superior to the apices of maxillary teeth)

141
Q

pathologic resorption

A

resorption of a tooth not associated with the normal shedding of deciduous teeth

142
Q

pediatric patient

A

child patient

143
Q

periapical

A

around the apex of a tooth

144
Q

periapical abscess

A

a lesion characterized by a localized collection of pus around the apex of a nonvital tooth that results from pulpal death (appears radiolucent)

145
Q

periapical cyst / radicular cyst

A

a lesion characterized by an epithelial-lined cavity or sac located around the apex of a nonvital tooth that results from pulpal death (appears radiolucent)

146
Q

periapical granuloma

A

a lesion characterized by a localized mass of granulation tissue around the apex of a nonvital tooth (appears radiolucent)

147
Q

periapical lesion

A

a lesion located around the apex of a tooth

148
Q

pericoronal

A

around the crown of a tooth

149
Q

periodontal

A

around a tooth

150
Q

periodontal abscess

A

a lesion that originates in a soft tissue pocket and is characterized by the accumulation of pus and destruction of bone (appears radiolucent)

151
Q

periodontal disease

A

a group of diseases that affect the tissues around teeth

152
Q

periodontal ligament space (PDL)

A
  • a space that exists between the root of a tooth and the lamina dura (appears radiolucent)
  • contains connective tissue fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics
153
Q

periodontium

A

specialized tissues that surround and support teeth, such as the gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone

154
Q

posterior

A

towards the back

155
Q

posterior teeth

A

first and second premolars/bicuspids, and first, second and third molars

156
Q

primary teeth / deciduous teeth

A

baby teeth

157
Q

process

A

a marked prominence or projection of bone (appears radiopaque)

158
Q

pterygomaxillary fissure

A

a narrow space or cleft that separates the lateral pterygoid plate and the maxilla (on a panoramic image, appears radiolucent)

159
Q

pulp canal obliteration

A

the calcification, or deposition, of hard tissue within the pulp cavity, causing no visible pulp chamber or canals on the dental image

160
Q

pulp cavity

A

a cavity within a tooth that includes both the pulp chamber and the pulp canals, containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics (appears radiolucent)

161
Q

pulp stones

A

calcifications found in the pulp chamber or pulp canals of teeth (appear radiopaque)

162
Q

pulpal sclerosis

A

a diffuse calcification of the pulp chamber and pulp canals of teeth that results in a pulp cavity of decreased size (appears radiopaque)

163
Q

rampant

A

growing or spreading unchecked

164
Q

rampant caries

A

caries that affect numerous teeth in the dentition (appears radiolucent)

165
Q

ramus

A

vertical portion of the mandible that is found posterior to the third molar

166
Q

recurrent caries / secondary caries

A

caries located adjacent to a pre-existing restoration (appears radiolucent)

167
Q

ridge

A

a linear prominence of bone (appears radiopaque)

168
Q

root surface caries

A

caries located on the root surfaces of teeth (appears radiolucent)

169
Q

sagittal plane

A
  • a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides (the sides do not need to be equally divided)
  • runs perpendicular to the ground
170
Q

sclerotic bone / osteosclerosis / idiopathic periapical osteosclerosis

A

a term used to describe a well-defined radiopacity viewed on a dental image located below the apices of vital, noncarious teeth

171
Q

septum (plural: septa)

A

bont wall or partition that divides a cavity into separate areas (appears radiopaque)

172
Q

sigmoid notch / mandibular notch

A

a curved depression located between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid process of the mandible

173
Q

sinus

A

a hollow space, cavity, or recess in bone (appears radiolucent)

174
Q

soft palate

A

the fleshy, movable posterior portion of the roof of the mouth separating the mouth and the phaynx

175
Q

spine

A

a sharp, thornlike projection of bone (appears radiopaque)

176
Q

styloid process

A

a long, pointed, and sharp projection of bone that extends downward from the inferior surface of the temporal bone; located anterior to the mastoid process (on a panoramic image, appears radiopaque)

177
Q

submandibular fossa / mandibular fossa

A

a depressed area of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible inferior to the mylohyoid ridge (appears radiolucent)

178
Q

superior

A

describes an area that is higher on a vertical axis

179
Q

superior foramina of the incisive canal

A

two tiny openings or holes in bone that are located on the floor of the nasal cavity (appear radiolucent)

180
Q

supernumerary teeth / hyperdontia

A

extra teeth that develop in addition to the normal human dentition

181
Q

suture

A

an immovable joint that represents a line of union between adjoining bones of the skull (appears radiolucent)

182
Q

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

A

the jaw joint, including the temporal bone, the mandible, and the articular disc between the two bones

183
Q

tongue

A

a movable muscular organ attached to the floor of the mouth

184
Q

tooth-bearing areas

A

regions of the maxilla and mandible in which the 32 teeth of the human dentition are normally located

185
Q

torus (plural: tori)

A

a bony growth in the oral cavity

186
Q

trauma

A

injury produced by an external force

187
Q

tubercle

A

a rounded prominence of bone (appears radiopaque)

188
Q

uvula

A

a small, fleshy extension located on the free edge of the soft palate at the midline

189
Q

vertical

A

an up-and-down plane

190
Q

vertical bone loss / angular bone loss

A

bone loss that does not occur in a plane parallel to the cemento-enamel junctions of adjacent teeth

191
Q

vital

A

living

192
Q

zygoma / zygomatic bone / malar bone

A

the cheekbone (appears as a diffuse radiopaque band posterior to the zygomatic process of the maxilla)

193
Q

zygomatic process of the maxilla

A

a bony projection of the maxilla that articulates with the zygoma (appears as a J-shaped or U-shaped radiopacity)

DANB RHS Exam (new) (16 decks)

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