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DANB RHS Exam (new) > Chapter 16: Infection Prevention > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Infection Prevention Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary purpose of infection prevention procedures in the dental practice?

A

to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases between two or more humans

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2
Q

Define the term: pathogen

A

a microorganism capable of causing disease

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3
Q

What are the two direct routes of disease transmission that mainly occur in dental practices?

A
  1. direct contact with pathogens present in saliva, blood, respiratory secretions, or lesions
  2. direct contact with airborne contaminants preents in spatter or aerols of oral and respiratory fluids
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4
Q

What is an indirect route of disease transmission that can occur in the dental practice?

A

indirect contact with contaminated objects or instruments

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5
Q

What three conditions must be present in order for the transmission of pathogens to occur?

A
  1. a susceptible host
  2. a pathogen with sufficient infectivity and numbers to cause the infection
  3. a portal through which the pathogen may enter the host
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6
Q

Define the term: antiseptic

A

a substance that inhibits the growth of bacteria

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7
Q

Define the term: asepsis

A

the absence of pathogens or disease-causing microorganisms

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8
Q

Define the term: bloodborne pathogens

A

microorganisms present in blood that cause disease in humans

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9
Q

Define the term: disinfect

A

to inhibit or destroy disease-causing microorganisms through use of a chemical or physical procedure

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10
Q

Define the term: disinfection

A

the act of disinfecting

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11
Q

What is considered an exposure incident?

A

a specific incident involving contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from procedures performed by the dental professional

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12
Q

What is infectious waste?

A

waste that consists of blood, blood products, and contaminated sharps. or other microbiologic products

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13
Q

What is considered an occupational exposure?

A

contact with blood or other infectious materials involving the skin, eye, or mucous membranes that results from procedures performed by the dental professional

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14
Q

What is considered a parenteral exposure?

A

contact with blood or other infectious materials that results from piercing or puncturing the skin barrier

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15
Q

Define the term: personal protective equipment (PPE)

A

equipment worn by dental professionals to protect themselves from hazards

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16
Q

Define the term: sharps

A

any object that can penetrate skin, including, but not limited to, needles and scalpels

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17
Q

What are standard precautions?

A

measures that include a standard of care designed to protect health care personnel and patients from pathogens that can be spread by blood or any other bodily fluid, excretion, or secretion

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18
Q

Define the term: sterilize

A

the use of a physical or chemical procedure to destroy all pathogens, including highly resistant bacterial and fungal spores

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19
Q

Define the term: sterilization

A

the act of sterilizing

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20
Q

List some examples of personal protective equipment that should be worn by dental professionals.

A
  • protective eyeware
  • gloves
  • mask
  • gown/lab jacket
21
Q

Should proper hand hygiene be performed before or after donning gloves?

A

before

22
Q

Should gloves be replaced if torn or ripped during a dental procedure?

A

yes

23
Q

Define the term: hand hygiene

A

routine handwashing, antiseptic hand-wash, and antiseptic hand-rubbing techniques that prevent contamination

24
Q

What are the three classifications of dental instruments for infection prevention?

A
  1. critical instrument
  2. semicritical instrument
  3. noncritical instrument
25
Q

Define the term: critical instrument

A

instruments that are used to penetrate soft tissue or bone and must be sterilized after each use

26
Q

Define the term: semicritical instrument

A

instruments that contact but do not penetrate soft tissue or bone and must be sterilized after each use

27
Q

Define the term: noncritical instrument

A

instruments that do not come in contact with mucous membranes

28
Q

What does it mean to “don” your PPE?

A

the act of putting on your PPE

29
Q

What does it mean to “doff” your PPE?

A

the act of taking off your PPE

30
Q

What products are used for a routine hand wash?

A

water and plain (non-antimicrobial) soap

31
Q

What products are used for an antiseptic hand wash?

A

water and antimicrobial soap (ex: chlorhexadine)

32
Q

What products are used for an antiseptic hand rub?

A

alcohol-based product

33
Q

What is the purpose of practicing proper respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette?

A

to limit the transmission of disease spread by respiratory pathogens via droplet or airborne route

34
Q

Define the term: high-level disinfectants

A
  • chemicals classified by the EPA as “sterilants-disinfectants”
  • used to disinfect heat-sensitive, semicritical dental instruments
35
Q

Define the term: intermediate-level disinfectants

A
  • chemical germicides classified by the EPA as both “hospital disinfectants” and “tuberculocidals”
  • recommended for all surfaces that have been contaminated
36
Q

Define the term: low-level disinfectants

A
  • chemical germicides classified by the EPA as “hospital disinfectants”
  • recommended for general housekeeping purposes
37
Q

List examples of critical instruments used in dental imaging.

A

There are no critical instruments used in dental imaging

38
Q

What instrument classification is a beam alignment device?

A

semi-critical instrument

39
Q

What instrument classification is the position-indicating device?

A

noncritical instrument

40
Q

What instrument classification is the x-ray tubehead?

A

noncritical instrument

41
Q

What instrument classification is the exposure button on the control panel?

A

noncritical instrument

42
Q

What instrument classification is the lead apron?

A

noncritical instrument

43
Q

What instrument classification is the thyroid collar?

A

noncritical instrument

44
Q

What instrument classification is the computer keyboard/mouse when using digital imaging?

A

noncritical instrument

45
Q

What instrument classification is the digital sensor?

A

noncritical instrument

46
Q

What does the CDC recommend to clean and disinfect the digital sensor?

A

intermediate-level disinfectant

47
Q

What can be used on the digital sensor and PSP plate to help prevent infection transmission?

A

a barrier sleeve/envelope

48
Q

After exposure, what is recommended to clean and disinfect any contaminated surface areas in the operator?

A

intermediate-level disinfectant

DANB RHS Exam (new) (5 decks)

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