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DANB RHS Exam > Chapter 19: Paralleling Technique > Flashcards

Chapter 19: Paralleling Technique Flashcards

Principles, Equipment and Guidelines of the Paralleling Technique

1
Q

Define this term: anterior

A

towards the front

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2
Q

Define this term: periapical examination

A

a type of intraoral imaging examination used to view the entire tooth (crown and root) and supporting bone

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3
Q

Define this term: image receptor holder

A

a device used to hold an intraoral image receptor in the mouth and stabilize the receptor’s position during the exposure

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4
Q

Why does a shallow palate create a difficulty when using the paralleling technique?

A

the shallow palate tilts the bite-block, which results in a lack of parallelism between the image receptor and the long axis of the tooth

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5
Q

Define this term: periapical image

A

intraoral image that is used to examine the crowns and roots of teeth

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6
Q

Define this term: image receptor

A

a recording medium (ex: PSP plate, digital sensor)

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7
Q

Define this term: object-receptor distance

A
  • the distance from the object being imaged (tooth) to the image receptor influences image magnification
  • less image magnification results when the tooth and the image receptor are as close as possible, and more magnification results when the tooth and receptor are far apart
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8
Q

Define this term: Rinn Snap-A-Ray Holder

A

an intraoral receptor holder used to stabilize an image receptor during exposure

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9
Q

How is the image receptor placed when using the paralleling technique?

A

the image receptor is placed parallel to the long axis of the tooth being imaged

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10
Q

Define this term: maxillary teeth

A

teeth located in the maxilla or upper arch

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11
Q

Define this term: Stabe Biteblock

A

a disposable styrofoam device that can be used to hold an image receptor during exposure

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12
Q

Define this term: horizontal angulation

A

the positioning of the position-indicating device in a horizontal plane

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13
Q

Define this term: parallel

A

moving or lying in the same plane; always separated by the same distance and not intersecting

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14
Q

Define this term: intraoral imaging examination

A

a dental imaging inspection of teeth and intraoral adjacent structures

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15
Q

Define this term: mandible

A

the lower jaw

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16
Q

Define this term: intraoral

A

inside the mouth

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17
Q

Define this term: horizontal

A

a side-to-side plane

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18
Q

Define this term: posterior

A

towards the back

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19
Q

What are the two modifications that can be made for a patient with a shallow palate when using the paralleling technique?

A
  • cotton roll placement on each side of the bite block
  • increase the vertical angulation by 5-15 degrees
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20
Q

Define this term: angulation

A

the alignment of the central x-ray beam in the horizontal and vertical planes

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21
Q

Define this term: bite-wing receptor

A

an intraoral image receptor used to examine the crowns of both maxillary and mandibular teeth on one image

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22
Q

Define this term: target-receptor distance

A

the distance from the source of radiation (tungsten target in the anode) to the image receptor

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23
Q

Define this term: image receptor placement

A

the specific area where the image receptor must be positioned before exposure

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24
Q

Define this term: apical

A

towards the apex of a tooth

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25
Q

Define this term: overlapped contacts

A

on a dental image, the area where the contact area of one tooth is superimposed over the contact areas of an adjacent tooth

26
Q

Why is image receptor placement often difficult when using the paralleling technique?

A

for patients with a small mouth or shallow palate, the receptor placement can be difficult to access, and can also cause discomfort to the patient

27
Q

What is the correct horizontal angulation used for the paralleling technique?

A

The central ray of the x-ray beam must be directed through the contact areas between the teeth

28
Q

What is the primary advantage of using the paralleling technique?

A

images without dimensional distortions

29
Q

True or false: A beam alignment device is required for the paralleling technique.

A

True

30
Q

Define this term: central ray (CR)

A

the central portion of the primary beam of x-radiation

31
Q

Define this term: vertical

A

an up-and-down plane

32
Q

Define this term: periapical

A

around the apex of a tooth

33
Q

Define this term: intersecting

A

cutting across or through

34
Q

How is the paralleling technique modified for a patient with mandibular tori?

A

the image receptor must be placed between the tori and the tongue (not on the tori)

35
Q

What is the correct vertical angulation used for the paralleling technique?

A

The central ray of the x-ray beam must be directed perpendicular to the image receptor and long axis of the tooth

36
Q

Define this term: right angle

A

in geometry, an angle of 90 degrees formed by two lines perpendicular to each other

37
Q

Define this term: position-indicating device (PID) / cone

A
  • an open-ended, lead-lined cylinder extending from the opening of the tubehead
  • aims and shapes the x-ray beam
38
Q

What is the primary disadvantage of the paralleling technique?

A

image receptor placement

39
Q

Define this term: intraoral image

A
  • an image the results when an image receptor is placed inside the mouth and exposed to x-rays
  • used to examine teeth
40
Q

Define this term: bite-wing image

A

intraoral image that is used to examine the interproximal surfaces of teeth

41
Q

What types of images can be exposed using the paralleling technique?

A

periapical and bite-wing images

42
Q

Define this term: paralleling technique / extension cone paralleling (XCP) technique / right-angle technique / long-cone technique

A
  • an intraoral imaging technique used to expose periapical receptors, where the receptor is placed parallel to the long axis of the tooth, the central ray is directed perpendicular to the receptor and the long axis of the tooth
  • a beam alignment device must be used to keep the receptor parallel to the long axis to the tooth
43
Q

Define this term: contact areas

A

the areas where adjacent tooth surfaces touch each other

44
Q

Define this term: interproximal

A

between two adjacent surfaces

45
Q

Define this term: Rinn XCP instrument

A
  • a type of beam alignment device that is used with the paralleling technique
  • includes plastic bite blocks, plastic aiming rings, and metal indicator arms
46
Q

Define this term: vertical angulation

A

the positioning of the position-indicating device in a vertical plane

47
Q

Define this term: long axis of a tooth

A

an imaginary line that divides a tooth longitudinally into two equal halves

48
Q

Define this term: maxilla

A

the upper jaw

49
Q

Why is the paralleling technique easy to learn?

A

the use of a beam alignment device eliminates the need for the dental radiographer to determine vertical and horizontal angulation

50
Q

Define this term: apex

A

the area of a tooth that allows for blood vessels and nerves to enter the tooth and maintain the vitality of the tooth

51
Q

Define this term: open contacts

A

on a dental image, appears as a thin radiolucent line between adjacent tooth surfaces

52
Q

Define this term:mandibular teeth

A

teeth located in the mandible or lower arch

53
Q

How is the paralleling technique modified for a patient with maxillary tori?

A

the image receptor must be placed on the far side of the tori (not on the tori)

54
Q

Define this term: anterior teeth

A

central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines/cuspids

55
Q

Define this term: intraoral receptor

A

an image receptor is placed inside the mouth during x-ray exposure to examine teeth and supporting structures

56
Q

Define this term: beam alignment device

A
  • a device used to align the position-indicating device in relation to tooth and image receptor
  • positions the intraoral image receptor in the mouth and retains the image receptor in position during exposure
  • helps stabilize the image receptor in the mouth and reduces the chances of movement, thus reducing the patient’s exposure to x-radiation
57
Q

Define this term: exposure sequence

A

a defined order to place and expose intraoral receptors

58
Q

Define this term: x-ray beam angulation

A

one of the influencing factors for image distortion that refers to the direction of the x-ray beam

59
Q

Define this term: posterior teeth

A

first and second premolars/bicuspids, and first, second and third molars

60
Q

How is the central ray of the x-ray beam positioned when using the paralleling technique?

A

the central ray of the x-ray beam is directed perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth being imaged

61
Q

Define this term: perpendicular

A

intersecting at or forming right angles

DANB RHS Exam (26 decks)

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