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DANB RHS Exam > Chapter 26: Extraoral Imaging > Flashcards

Chapter 26: Extraoral Imaging Flashcards

Types, Principles, Equipment and Guidelines of Extraoral Imaging

1
Q

How is the central ray of the x-ray beam positioned for a transcranial projection?

A
  • toward a point 2 inches above and 0.5 inches behind the opening of the ear canal
  • downward and forward to be centered on the temporomandibular joint
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2
Q

Define the term: orbit

A

the bony cavity that contains the eyeball

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3
Q

How is the image receptor positioned for a Waters projection?

A
  • perpendicular to the floor in a receptor-holding device
  • long axis of the receptor is positioned vertically
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4
Q

Define the term: zygoma / zygomatic bone / malar bone

A

the cheekbone (appears as a diffuse radiopaque band posterior to the zygomatic process of the maxilla)

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5
Q

How is the central ray of the x-ray beam positioned for a Reverse Towne projection?

A

through the center of the head and perpendicular to the image receptor

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6
Q

Define the term: lateral jaw projection- body of the mandible

A

an extraoral projection used to evaluate the posterior body of the mandible in order to evaluate impacted teeth, fractures, and lesions located in the body of the mandible

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7
Q

How is the image receptor placed for a lateral cephalometric projection?

A
  • perpendicular to the floor in a receptor–holding device
  • long axis of the receptor is positioned horizontally
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8
Q

Define the term: extraoral image

A
  • an image that results when an image receptor is placed outside the mouth and is exposed to x-rays
  • used to examine large areas of the skull or jaws
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9
Q

Define the term: extraoral

A

outside the mouth

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10
Q

What is the proper position of the patient’s head for a lateral jaw projection of the ramus of the mandible?

A
  • tipped approximately 15 degrees toward the side being images
  • the chin is extended and elevated slightly
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11
Q

Define the term: perpendicular

A

intersecting at or forming right angles

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12
Q

List the four classifications of extraoral projection techniques.

A
  • lateral jaw imaging
  • skull imaging
  • extraoral bite-wing imaging
  • temporomandibular joint imaging
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13
Q

Define the term: transcranial projection

A

an extraoral projection used to evaluate the superior surface of the condyle and the articular eminence or to evaluate the movement of the condyle when the mouth is opened and to compare joint spaces

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14
Q

Define the term: midsagittal plane

A

an imaginary line or plane passing through the center of the body that divides it into right and left halves

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15
Q

Define the term: glenoid fossa

A

a concave, depressed area of the temporal bone where the mandibular condyle rests

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16
Q

What is the proper position of the patient’s head for a lateral jaw projection of the body of the mandible?

A

tipped approximately 15 degrees toward the side being imaged, with the chin extended and slightly elevated

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17
Q

How is the image receptor positioned for a posteroanterior projection?

A
  • perpendicular to the floor in a receptor-holding device
  • long axis of the receptor is positioned vertically
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18
Q

Define the term: dental imaging

A

the creation of digital representation of anatomic structures for the purpose of diagnosis

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19
Q

How is the patient’s head positioned for a posteroanterior projection?

A
  • the patient faces the receptor with the forehead and nose touching the receptor and head centered over the receptor
  • the midsaggital plane is aligned perpendicular to the floor
  • the Frankfort plane is aligned parallel to the floor
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20
Q

Define the term: Frankfort plane

A

the imaginary plane that intersects the orbital rim of the eye and opening of the ear

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21
Q

Define the term: maxillary sinuses

A

paired cavities or compartments of bone located within the maxilla and located superior to the maxillary posterior teeth (appear radiolucent)

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22
Q

How is the image receptor positioned for a lateral jaw projection of the body of the mandible?

A
  • flat against the patient’s cheek and centered over the body of the mandible
  • the patient must hold the receptor with their thumb placed under the edge
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23
Q

Define the term: Waters projection

A

an extraoral projection used to evaluate the maxillary sinus area

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24
Q

Define the term: nasal cavity / nasal fossa

A

a pear-shaped compartment of bone located superior to the maxilla (appears radiolucent)

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25
Q

How is the central ray of the x-ray beam positioned for a lateral jaw projection of the ramus of the mandible?

A
  • directed to a point posterior to the third molar region on the side opposite the image receptor
  • directed upward -15 to -20 degrees and centered on the ramus of the mandible
  • perpendicular to the image receptor
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26
Q

Define the term: parallel

A

moving or lying in the same plane; always separated by the same distance and not intersecting

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27
Q

How is the central ray of the x-ray beam positioned for a lateral cephalometric projection?

A

through the center of and perpendicular to the image receptor

28
Q

How is the central ray of the x-ray beam positioned for a lateral jaw projection of the body of the mandible?

A
  • just below the inferior border of the mandible on the side opposite of the image receptor
  • directed upward -15 to -20 degrees and centered on the body of the mandible
  • perpendicular to the image receptor
29
Q

Define the term: zygomatic process of the maxilla

A

a bony projection of the maxilla that articulates with the zygoma (appears as a J-shaped or U-shaped radiopacity)

30
Q

Define the term: submentovertex projection

A

an extraoral projection used to identify the position of the condyles, demonstrate the base of the skull, and evaluate fractures of the zygomatic arch

31
Q

Define the term: body of the mandible

A

the U-shaped horizontal portion of the mandible that extends from ramus to ramus

32
Q

How is the image receptor positioned for a Reverse Towne projection?

A
  • perpendicular to the floor in a receptor-holding device
  • long axis of the image receptor is positioned vertically
33
Q

Define the term: articular eminence

A

a rounded projection of the temporal bone located anterior to the glenoid fossa (appears radiopaque)

34
Q

How is the patient’s head positioned for a lateral cephalometric projection?

A
  • the head is centered over the image receptor, with the left side is positioned adjacent to the image receptor
  • the midsaggital plane is perpendicular to the floor and parallel to the receptor
  • the Frankfort plane is aligned parallel to the floor
35
Q

Define the term: extraoral imaging

A

an inspection of large areas of the skull or jaws that requires the use of extraoral imaging receptors

36
Q

How is the central ray of the x-ray beam positioned for a posteroanterior projection?

A

through the center of the head and perpendicular to the receptor

37
Q

Define the term: posteroanterior projection

A

an extraoral projection of the skull used to evaluate facial growth, trauma, diseases, and developmental abnormalities

38
Q

Define the term: trauma

A

injury produced by an external force

39
Q

List the two techniques used with lateral jaw projections.

A
  • body of the mandible
  • ramus of the mandible
40
Q

Define the term: temporomandibular joint tomography

A

an extraoral imaging technique used to examine the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

41
Q

How is the image receptor positioned for a transcranial projection?

A

flat against the patient’s ear and centered over the temporomandibular joint

42
Q

How is the image receptor positioned for a submentovortex projection?

A
  • perpendicular to the floor in a receptor-holding device
  • long axis of the receptor is positioned vertically
43
Q

Define the term: Reverse Towne projection

A

an extraoral projection used to identify fractures of the condylar neck or ramus area

44
Q

Define the term: anterior

A

towards the front

45
Q

Define the term: inferior border of the mandible

A

a linear prominence of cortical bone that defines the lower border of the mandible (appears radiopaque)

46
Q

How is the image receptor placed for a lateral jaw projection of the ramus of the mandible?

A
  • flat against the patient’s cheek
  • centered over and parallel with the ramus of the mandible
  • the patient must hold the image receptor with their thumb under the edge
47
Q

How is the patient’s head positioned for a Waters projection?

A
  • the patient faces the receptor an elevates their chin to touch the receptor
  • the tip of their nose is positioned 0.5-1 inch away from the receptor
  • the midsaggital plane is perpendicular to the floor
  • their head is centered over the receptor
48
Q

How is the central ray of the x-ray beam positioned for a submentovortex projection?

A

through the center of the head and perpendicular to the image receptor

49
Q

Define the term: cephalostat

A

in extraoral imaging, a device that includes a receptor holder and head positioner that allow the dental radiographer to position both receptor and patient easily

50
Q

Define the term: tomogram

A

an extraoral image used to examine the bony components of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

51
Q

Define the term: lateral jaw projection- ramus of the mandible

A

an extraoral projection used to image the ramus of the mandible in order to evaluate impacted third molars, large lesions, and fractures that extend into the ramus of the mandible

52
Q

How is the patient’s head positioned for a transcranial projection?

A

the midsaggital plane is perpendicular to the floor and parallel to the image receptor

53
Q

How is the patient’s head positioned for a Reverse Towne projection?

A
  • the patient faces the receptor with their head tipped down and their mouth open as wide as possible and centered over the receptor
  • their chin rests on their chest and the top of the forehead touches the receptor
  • the midsaggital plane is perpendicular to the floor
54
Q

Define the term: temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

A

the jaw joint, including the temporal bone, the mandible, and the articular disc between the two bones

55
Q

Define the term: lateral cephalometric projection

A

an extraoral image that is used to determine facial growth and development, trauma, disease, and developmental abnormalities

56
Q

How is the patient’s head positioned for an extraoral bite-wing image?

A
  • the patient bites their anterior teeth into the bite stick and must stand straight
  • the Frankfort plane is parallel to the floor
  • the midsaggital plane is perpendicular to the floor
57
Q

List the six types of skull imaging.

A
  • lateral cephalometric
  • posteroanterior
  • Waters
  • submentovortex
  • Reverse Towne
  • temporomandibular joint
58
Q

Define the term: lateral

A

away from the midline of the body

59
Q

How is the central ray of the x-ray beam positioned for a Waters projection?

A

through the center of the head and perpendicular to the image receptor

60
Q

Define the term: ramus

A

vertical portion of the mandible that is found posterior to the third molar

61
Q

Define the term: posterior

A

towards the back

62
Q

How is the patient’s head positioned for a submentovortex projection?

A
  • the head and neck are tipped back as far as possible so that the top of the skull touches the receptor and the head is centered on the receptor
  • both the midsaggital plane and the Frankfort plane are aligned perpendicular to the floor
63
Q

Define the term: extraoral receptor

A

an image receptor is placed outside the mouth to examine large areas of the skull or jaws

64
Q

List the two techniques used for temporomandibular joint imaging.

A
  • transcranial projection
  • temporomandibular joint tomography
65
Q

Define the term: digital image

A

an image composed of pixels

66
Q

Define the term: mandible

A

the lower jaw

67
Q

Define the term: maxilla

A

the upper jaw

DANB RHS Exam (26 decks)

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