Chapters 28, 29: Normal Anatomy- Intraoral Images & Panoramic Images Flashcards
Identification and Description of Normal Anatomic Landmarks
How does the alveolar crest appear on an image?
radiopaque
Define the term: radiopaque
the portion of an image that is light or white, due to the structure resisting the passage of the x-ray beam and limiting the amount of x-rays that reach the receptor
How does the glenoid fossa appear on a panoramic image?
radiopaque
How does the coronoid process appear on an image?
radiopaque
What is a hollow space, cavity, or recess in bone?
sinus
What is the wall of the tooth socket that surrounds the root of a tooth?
lamina dura
What is the area of the mandible where the body meets the ramus?
angle of the mandible
On what intraoral image does the anterior border of the ramus normally appear?
molar bite-wing image
What is the outermost layer of the crown of the tooth?
enamel
How does the inverted Y appear on an image?
radiopaque
What is the immovable joint between the two palatine processes of the maxilla?
median palatal suture
What is the area of a tooth that allows for blood vessels and nerves to enter the tooth and maintains the vitality of the tooth?
apex
How does the septa within the maxillary sinus appear on an image?
radiopaque
How does the pterygomaxillary fissure appear on a panoramic image?
radiolucent
How does the pulp cavity appear on an image?
radiolucent
How do the genial tubercles appear on an image?
radiopaque
What is the tooth layer found between the enamel and surrounding the pulp cavity
dentin
What is a smooth, depressed area of the maxilla located just interior and medial to the infraorbital foramen between the maxillary canine and lateral incisor?
lateral fossa
What are two tiny openings or holes in bone that are located on the floor of the nasal cavity?
superior foramina of the incisive cana
How does the nasal septum appear on an image?
radiopaque
On what intraoral image does the mental foramen normally appear?
radiolucent
How does the external oblique ridge appear on an image?
radiopaque
What term refers to the airspace portion of the pharynx located posterior to the nasal cavity?
nasopharyngeal air space
What is a tubelike passageway through bone that travels the length of the mandible?
mandibular canal
What is the term for maxillary and mandibular teeth that occlude together?
opposing
Define the term: periapical
around the apex of a tooth
What is the term for the roof of the mouth?
palate
How does the submandibular fossa appear on an image?
radiolucent
What is a rounded projection of the temporal bone located anterior to the glenoid fossa?
articular eminence
How does the mental fossa appear on an image?
radiolucent
What is the calcified connective tissue that covers the outer root surface of the tooth?
cementum
What is the calcification, or deposition, of hard tissue within the pulp cavity, causing no visible pulp chamber or canals on the dental image?
pulp canal obliteration
On what intraoral image does the mylohyoid ridge normally appear?
mandibular posterior or anterior periapical image
Define the term: edentulous zone
an area where teeth are no longer present
What is the term for the tooth surface towards the midline of the mouth?
mesial
How does the median palatal suture appear on an image?
radiolucent
What is the area between the roots of multi-rooted teeth?
furcation area
How does the alveolar crest appear in an image?
radiopaque
How does dentin appear on an image?
radiopaque
Define the term: radiopacity / radiodensity
an area on a dental image appearing radiopaque (light/white) due to resisting the passage of the x-ray beam and limiting the amount of x-rays that reach the image receptor
What is a hole or opening in the temporal bone located superior and anterior to the mastoid process?
external auditory meatus / external acoustic meatus
Define the term: dentulous
- with teeth
- areas that exhibit teeth
How do the nutrient canals appear on an image?
a narrow radiolucent band bounded by two radiopaque lines of cortical bone
What is a tiny tubelike passageway through bone which contains blood vessels and nerves that supply teeth and interdental areas?
nutrient canal
Define the term: interproximal
between two adjacent surfaces
What is the term for towards the back?
posterior
What is a bony plate formed by the palatal process of the maxilla and the horizontal portions of the palatine bones?
floor of the nasal cavity
What teeth located in the upper arch?
maxillary teeth
On what intraoral image does the floor of the nasal cavity normally appear?
anterior maxillary periapical image
What is the term for the cheekbone?
zygoma / zygomatic bone / malar bone
How does the styloid process appear on a panoramic image?
radiopaque
Define the term: radiolucent
the portion of an image that is dark or black, due to the structure readily permitting the passage of the x-ray beam and allowing more x-rays to reach the image receptor
On what intraoral image does the mandibular canal normally appear?
mandibular posterior or anterior periapical image
What is the term for regions of the maxilla and mandible in which the 32 teeth of the human dentition are normally located?
tooth-bearing areas
On what intraoral image does the nasal septum normally appear?
anterior maxillary periapical image
Define the term: contact areas
the areas where adjacent tooth surfaces touch each other
What term refers to the space found between the palate and the tongue?
palatoglossal air space
What is the term for the tooth surface away from the midline of the mouth?
distal
What is the term for the tooth surface towards the tongue?
lingual
What is the term for towards the front?
anterior
How does the palatoglossal air space appear on a panoramic image?
radiolucent
Define the term: extraoral
outside the mouth
Define the term: periodontium
specialized tissues that surround and support teeth, such as the gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone
Define the term: intraoral
inside the mouth
What is a vertical bony wall or partition that divides the nasal cavity into the right and left nasal fossae?
nasal septum
What is a bony projection of the maxilla that articulates with the zygoma
zygomatic process of the maxilla
How does the mental foramen appear on an image?
radiolucent
How does the lateral pterygoid plate appear on a panoramic image?
radiopaque
On what intraoral image does the coronoid process normally appear?
maxillary molar periapical image
What is the term for the tooth surface towards the cheek on posterior teeth?
buccal
What is an opening or hole in bone located at the midline of the anterior hard palate directly posterior to the maxillary central incisors?
incisive foramen
What is a scooped-out concavity of bone located distal to the coronoid process on the ramus of the mandible?
mandibular notch
What teeth located in the lower arch?
mandibular teeth
How does the inferior nasal conchae appear on an image?
radiopaque
How does the mastoid process appear on a panoramic image?
radiopaque
How does the lamina dura appear on an image?
radiopaque
How does the ear appear on a panoramic image?
radiopaque
Define the term: inter-radicular
between the roots of adjacent teeth
On what intraoral image does the superior foramina of the incisive canal normally appear?
anterior maxillary periapical image
How does the articular eminence appear on a panoramic image?
radiopaque
On what intraoral image does the nasal cavity normally appear?
anterior maxillary periapical image
On what intraoral image does the hamulus normally appear?
posterior maxillary periapical image
What is the U-shaped horizontal portion of the mandible that extends from ramus to ramus?
body of the mandible
What is the term for the lower jaw?
mandible
How does the hard palate appear on images?
radiopaque
What is a movable muscular organ attached to the floor of the mouth?
tongue
On what intraoral image do the genial tubercles normally appear?
mandibular anterior and posterior periapical images
On what intraoral image does the anterior nasal spine normally appear?
anterior maxillary periapical image
What is the dense outer layer of bone?
cortical bone / compact bone
What is thevertical portion of the mandible that is found posterior to the third molar?
ramus
How does the uvula appear on a panoramic image?
radiopaque
How does the mandibular canal appear on an image?
radiolucent
What is a broad, shallow, scooped-out or depressed area of bone?
fossa
What is a marked prominence or projection of bone?
process
What is a tubelike passageway through bone that houses nerves and blood vessels?
canal
What is a narrow space or cleft that separates the lateral pterygoid plate and the maxilla?
pterygomaxillary fissure
Define the term: periodontal
around a tooth
What is the bone of the maxilla and mandible that supports and encases the roots of teeth?
alveolar bone
What is a curved depression located between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid process of the mandible?
sigmoid notch / mandibular notch
How does the lingula appear on a panoramic image?
radiopaque
What is a concave, depressed area of the temporal bone where the mandibular condyle rests?
glenoid fossa
What is the soft, spongy bone located between the two layers of dense cortical bone?
cancellous bone / trabecular bone
How does the tongue appear on a panoramic image?
radiopaque
On what intraoral image does the maxillary tuberosity normally appear?
posterior maxillary periapical image
On what intraoral image does the incisive foramen normally appear?
anterior maxillary periapical image
What is the term for the tooth surface towards the gumline?
cervical / gingival
Define the term: edentulous
- without teeth
- an area where teeth are no longer present
How does the zygomatic process of the maxilla appear on an image?
radiopaque
How does the lipline appear on images?
- areas of teeth not covered by the lips are more radiolucent
- areas of teeth that area covered by the lips are more radiopaque
What is the bony cavity that contains the eyeball?
orbit
How does the lateral fossa appear on an image?
radiolucent
How does the periodontal ligament space appear on an image?
radiolucent
How does the floor of the maxillary sinus appear on an image?
radiopaque line under the radiolucent area of the maxillary sinus
What is a horseshoe-shaped bone that lies below the mandible, between the chin and thyroid cartilage?
hyoid bone
On what intraoral image does the mental fossa normally appear?
radiolucent
What is a marked prominence of bone located on the anterior ramus of the mandible?
coronoid process
What is a depressed area of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible inferior to the mylohyoid ridge?
submandibular fossa / mandibular fossa
What is the structure composed of cartilage with a thin covering of connective tissue and skin?
ear
What are the two types of bone in the human body?
- cancellous
- cortical
On what intraoral image does the lateral fossa normally appear?
anterior maxillary periapical image
On what intraoral image does the lingual foramen normally appear?
mandibular anterior and posterior periapical images
What are paired cavities or compartments of bone located within the maxilla and located superior to the maxillary posterior teeth?
maxillary sinuses
What is the term for the jaw joint, including the temporal bone, the mandible, and the articular disc between the two bones?
temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
What is a rounded prominence of bone?
tubercle
On what intraoral image does the median palatal suture normally appear?
anterior maxillary periapical image
How does the nasopharyngeal air space appear on a panoramic image?
radiolucent
What is the term for baby teeth?
primary teeth / deciduous teeth
How does the mylohyoid ridge appear on an image?
radiopaque
On what intraoral image does the submandibular fossa normally appear?
mandibular anterior or posterior periapical image
How does the mandibular foramen appear on a panoramic image?
radiolucent
What is the term for the tooth surface towards the cheek/lips on anterior teeth?
facial / labial
What is a linear prominence of cortical bone that defines the lower border of the mandible?
inferior border of the mandible
What is a linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible that extends downward and forward from the ramus?
internal oblique ridge
What is the bony plate that separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity in the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth?
hard palate
How does the superior foramina of the incisive canal appear on an image?
radiolucent
How does cancellous bone appear on an image?
radiolucent
How does the mental ridge appear on an image?
radiopaque
How does the maxillary sinus appear on an image?
radiolucent
What is the term for the upper jaw?
maxilla
What is a sharp projection of the maxilla located at the anteroinferior portion of the nasal cavity?
anterior nasal spine
Define the term: radiolucency
an area on a dental image appears radiolucent ((dark/black) due to readily allowing the passage of the x-ray beam so that more x-rays reach the image receptor
How does the glossopharyngeal air space appear on a panoramic image?
radiolucent
What refers to the airspace of the pharynx located posterior to the tongue and oral cavity?
glossopharyngeal air space
What is a rounded projection of bone extending from the posterosuperior border of the ramus of the mandible?
mandibular condyle
What is a small, tongue-shaped projection of bone seen adjacent to the mandibular foramen?
lingula
What is a small, fleshy extension located on the free edge of the soft palate at the midline?
uvula
What is the term for the order in which teeth are arranged within the dental arches?
anatomic order
What is a sharp, thornlike projection of bone?
spine
What is the fleshy, movable posterior portion of the roof of the mouth separating the mouth and the phaynx?
soft palate
What is the space that exists between the root of a tooth and the lamina dura and contains connective tissue fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics?
periodontal ligament space (PDL)
On what intraoral image does the maxillary sinus normally appear?
posterior maxillary periapical image
How does the maxillary tuberosity appear on an image?
radiopaque
Is the alveolar crest more radiodense in the anterior or posterior region?
anterior
How does the floor of the nasal cavity appear on an image?
radiopaque
How does the zygoma appear on an image?
radiopaque
What term describes a radiolucency on a dental image that exhibits one compartment without a well-defined outer border?
unilocular noncorticated
How does the external auditory meatus appear on a panoramic image?
radiolucent
What is a wafer-thin, curved plates of bone that extends from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?
inferior nasal conchae
What is the term for the chewing edge of anterior teeth?
incisal
What is a wing-shaped bony projection of the sphenoid bone located distal to the maxillary tuberosity region?
lateral pterygoid plate
What is a linear prominence of a cortical bone located on the external surface of the anterior portion of the mandible?
mental ridge
How does the soft palate appear on a panoramic image?
radiopaque
What is the portion of the maxilla or mandible that encases and supports teeth?
alveolar process
On what intraoral image does the inverted Y normally appear?
maxillary canine periapical image
What is a marked prominence of the temporal bone located posterior and inferior to the temporomandibular joint?
mastoid process
What is a linear prominence of bone?
ridge
What are tiny bumps of bone located on the lingual surface of the anterior mandible that serve as attachment sites for the genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles?
genial tubercles
What is a rounded prominence of bone that extends posterior to the third molar region?
maxillary tuberosity
On what intraoral image does the mental ridge normally appear?
mandibular anterior or posterior periapical image
Which appears more radiopaque on an image- enamel or dentin?
enamel
What is a linear prominence of bone located on the external surface of the body of the mandible?
external oblique ridge / external oblique line
What is an immovable joint that represents a line of union between adjoining bones of the skull?
suture
What is a round or ovoid hole in bone on the lingual aspect of the ramus of the mandible?
mandibular foramen
How does the hamulus appear on an image?
radiopaque
How does the lingual foramen appear on an image?
radiolucent
How does the mandibular condyle appear on a panoramic image?
radiopaque
What anatomical landmark can commonly be misdiagnosed as a periapical lesion on an image due to its location?
mental foramen
On what intraoral image does the zygomatic process of the maxilla normally appear?
posterior maxillary periapical image
How does the angle of the mandible appear on a panoramic image?
radiopaque
What is a bony wall or partition that divides a cavity into separate areas?
septum (plural: septa)
How does the incisive foramen appear on an image?
radiolucent
What is an area of soft tissue seen on panoramic images formed by the positioning of the patient’s lips?
lipline
How does cortical bone appear on an image?
radiopaque
How does the nasal cavity appear on an image?
radiolucent
What is the junction between the dentin and enamel of a tooth?
dentino-enamel junction (DEJ)
How does the anterior border of the ramus appear on an image?
radiopaque
What is an opening or hole in bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars?
mental foramen
On what intraoral image does the external oblique ridge normally appear?
mandibular molar periapical image and molar bite-wing images
What is the most coronal portion of alveolar bone found between teeth
that is composed of cortical bone?
alveolar crest / crestal bone
What is a long, pointed, and sharp projection of bone that extends downward from the inferior surface of the temporal bone, and is located anterior to the mastoid process?
styloid process
What is a small, hooklike projection of bone that extends from the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone?
hamulus / hamular process
On what intraoral image does the zygoma normally appear?
posterior maxillary periapical image
On what intraoral image does the septa within the maxillary sinus normally appear?
posterior maxillary periapical image
What is the term for the character of a set of teeth, including their number, kind, and location/arrangement?
dentition
Define the term: pericoronal
around the crown of a tooth
What is the term for objects next to/touching each other?
adjacent / proximal
How does enamel appear on an image?
radiopaque
What is a linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible that extends from the molar region downward and forward to the lower border of the mandible?
mylohyoid ridge
On what intraoral image do mandibular nutrient canals normally appear?
radiolucent
What is a cavity within a tooth that includes both the pulp chamber and the pulp canals, containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics?
pulp cavity
What is the term for permanent teeth that do not replace a primary/deciduous tooth?
nondeciduous teeth
What is a scooped-out, depressed area of bone located on the external of the anterior mandible?
mental fossa
How does the orbit appear on a panoramic image?
radiolucent compartment with radiopaque borders
What is a small opening or hole in bone surrounded by the genial tubercles and located at the midline of the internal surface of the mandible?
lingual foramen
On what intraoral image does the inferior nasal conchae normally appear?
anterior maxillary periapical image
What is an opening or hole in bone that permits the passage of nerves and blood vessels?
foramen
What term describes a radiolucency on a dental image that exhibits one compartment with a well-defined outer border?
unilocular coriticated
What is the term for the chewing surfaces of posterior teeth?
occlusal
What is the term for towards the apex of a tooth?
apical
What is a passageway through bone that extends from the superior foramina of the incisive canal to the incisive foramen?
incisive canal / nasopalatine canal
How does the anterior nasal spine appear on an image?
radiopaque
What is a pear-shaped compartment of bone located superior to the maxilla?
nasal cavity / nasal fossa
On what intraoral image do nutrient canals within the maxillary sinus normally appear?
posterior maxillary periapical image
How does the intraorbital foramen appear on a panoramic image?
radiolucent
How does the sigmoid notch appear on a panoramic image?
radiopaque
What is a term used to describe a well-defined radiopacity viewed on a dental image that is located in soft tissue?
soft tissue opacity
