Chapters 28, 29: Normal Anatomy- Intraoral Images & Panoramic Images Flashcards

Identification and Description of Normal Anatomic Landmarks

1
Q

How does the alveolar crest appear on an image?

A

radiopaque

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2
Q

Define the term: radiopaque

A

the portion of an image that is light or white, due to the structure resisting the passage of the x-ray beam and limiting the amount of x-rays that reach the receptor

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3
Q

How does the glenoid fossa appear on a panoramic image?

A

radiopaque

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4
Q

How does the coronoid process appear on an image?

A

radiopaque

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5
Q

What is a hollow space, cavity, or recess in bone?

A

sinus

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6
Q

What is the wall of the tooth socket that surrounds the root of a tooth?

A

lamina dura

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7
Q

What is the area of the mandible where the body meets the ramus?

A

angle of the mandible

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8
Q

On what intraoral image does the anterior border of the ramus normally appear?

A

molar bite-wing image

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9
Q

What is the outermost layer of the crown of the tooth?

A

enamel

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10
Q

How does the inverted Y appear on an image?

A

radiopaque

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11
Q

What is the immovable joint between the two palatine processes of the maxilla?

A

median palatal suture

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12
Q

What is the area of a tooth that allows for blood vessels and nerves to enter the tooth and maintains the vitality of the tooth?

A

apex

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13
Q

How does the septa within the maxillary sinus appear on an image?

A

radiopaque

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14
Q

How does the pterygomaxillary fissure appear on a panoramic image?

A

radiolucent

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15
Q

How does the pulp cavity appear on an image?

A

radiolucent

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16
Q

How do the genial tubercles appear on an image?

A

radiopaque

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17
Q

What is the tooth layer found between the enamel and surrounding the pulp cavity

A

dentin

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18
Q

What is a smooth, depressed area of the maxilla located just interior and medial to the infraorbital foramen between the maxillary canine and lateral incisor?

A

lateral fossa

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19
Q

What are two tiny openings or holes in bone that are located on the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

superior foramina of the incisive cana

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20
Q

How does the nasal septum appear on an image?

A

radiopaque

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21
Q

On what intraoral image does the mental foramen normally appear?

A

radiolucent

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22
Q

How does the external oblique ridge appear on an image?

A

radiopaque

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23
Q

What term refers to the airspace portion of the pharynx located posterior to the nasal cavity?

A

nasopharyngeal air space

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24
Q

What is a tubelike passageway through bone that travels the length of the mandible?

A

mandibular canal

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25
Q

What is the term for maxillary and mandibular teeth that occlude together?

A

opposing

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26
Q

Define the term: periapical

A

around the apex of a tooth

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27
Q

What is the term for the roof of the mouth?

A

palate

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28
Q

How does the submandibular fossa appear on an image?

A

radiolucent

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29
Q

What is a rounded projection of the temporal bone located anterior to the glenoid fossa?

A

articular eminence

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30
Q

How does the mental fossa appear on an image?

A

radiolucent

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31
Q

What is the calcified connective tissue that covers the outer root surface of the tooth?

A

cementum

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32
Q

What is the calcification, or deposition, of hard tissue within the pulp cavity, causing no visible pulp chamber or canals on the dental image?

A

pulp canal obliteration

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33
Q

On what intraoral image does the mylohyoid ridge normally appear?

A

mandibular posterior or anterior periapical image

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34
Q

Define the term: edentulous zone

A

an area where teeth are no longer present

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35
Q

What is the term for the tooth surface towards the midline of the mouth?

A

mesial

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36
Q

How does the median palatal suture appear on an image?

A

radiolucent

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37
Q

What is the area between the roots of multi-rooted teeth?

A

furcation area

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38
Q

How does the alveolar crest appear in an image?

A

radiopaque

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39
Q

How does dentin appear on an image?

A

radiopaque

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40
Q

Define the term: radiopacity / radiodensity

A

an area on a dental image appearing radiopaque (light/white) due to resisting the passage of the x-ray beam and limiting the amount of x-rays that reach the image receptor

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41
Q

What is a hole or opening in the temporal bone located superior and anterior to the mastoid process?

A

external auditory meatus / external acoustic meatus

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42
Q

Define the term: dentulous

A
  • with teeth
  • areas that exhibit teeth
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43
Q

How do the nutrient canals appear on an image?

A

a narrow radiolucent band bounded by two radiopaque lines of cortical bone

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44
Q

What is a tiny tubelike passageway through bone which contains blood vessels and nerves that supply teeth and interdental areas?

A

nutrient canal

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45
Q

Define the term: interproximal

A

between two adjacent surfaces

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46
Q

What is the term for towards the back?

A

posterior

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47
Q

What is a bony plate formed by the palatal process of the maxilla and the horizontal portions of the palatine bones?

A

floor of the nasal cavity

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48
Q

What teeth located in the upper arch?

A

maxillary teeth

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49
Q

On what intraoral image does the floor of the nasal cavity normally appear?

A

anterior maxillary periapical image

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50
Q

What is the term for the cheekbone?

A

zygoma / zygomatic bone / malar bone

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51
Q

How does the styloid process appear on a panoramic image?

A

radiopaque

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52
Q

Define the term: radiolucent

A

the portion of an image that is dark or black, due to the structure readily permitting the passage of the x-ray beam and allowing more x-rays to reach the image receptor

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53
Q

On what intraoral image does the mandibular canal normally appear?

A

mandibular posterior or anterior periapical image

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54
Q

What is the term for regions of the maxilla and mandible in which the 32 teeth of the human dentition are normally located?

A

tooth-bearing areas

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55
Q

On what intraoral image does the nasal septum normally appear?

A

anterior maxillary periapical image

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56
Q

Define the term: contact areas

A

the areas where adjacent tooth surfaces touch each other

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57
Q

What term refers to the space found between the palate and the tongue?

A

palatoglossal air space

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58
Q

What is the term for the tooth surface away from the midline of the mouth?

A

distal

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59
Q

What is the term for the tooth surface towards the tongue?

A

lingual

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60
Q

What is the term for towards the front?

A

anterior

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61
Q

How does the palatoglossal air space appear on a panoramic image?

A

radiolucent

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62
Q

Define the term: extraoral

A

outside the mouth

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63
Q

Define the term: periodontium

A

specialized tissues that surround and support teeth, such as the gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone

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64
Q

Define the term: intraoral

A

inside the mouth

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65
Q

What is a vertical bony wall or partition that divides the nasal cavity into the right and left nasal fossae?

A

nasal septum

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66
Q

What is a bony projection of the maxilla that articulates with the zygoma

A

zygomatic process of the maxilla

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67
Q

How does the mental foramen appear on an image?

A

radiolucent

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68
Q

How does the lateral pterygoid plate appear on a panoramic image?

A

radiopaque

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69
Q

On what intraoral image does the coronoid process normally appear?

A

maxillary molar periapical image

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70
Q

What is the term for the tooth surface towards the cheek on posterior teeth?

A

buccal

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71
Q

What is an opening or hole in bone located at the midline of the anterior hard palate directly posterior to the maxillary central incisors?

A

incisive foramen

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72
Q

What is a scooped-out concavity of bone located distal to the coronoid process on the ramus of the mandible?

A

mandibular notch

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73
Q

What teeth located in the lower arch?

A

mandibular teeth

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74
Q

How does the inferior nasal conchae appear on an image?

A

radiopaque

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75
Q

How does the mastoid process appear on a panoramic image?

A

radiopaque

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76
Q

How does the lamina dura appear on an image?

A

radiopaque

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77
Q

How does the ear appear on a panoramic image?

A

radiopaque

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78
Q

Define the term: inter-radicular

A

between the roots of adjacent teeth

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79
Q

On what intraoral image does the superior foramina of the incisive canal normally appear?

A

anterior maxillary periapical image

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80
Q

How does the articular eminence appear on a panoramic image?

A

radiopaque

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81
Q

On what intraoral image does the nasal cavity normally appear?

A

anterior maxillary periapical image

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82
Q

On what intraoral image does the hamulus normally appear?

A

posterior maxillary periapical image

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83
Q

What is the U-shaped horizontal portion of the mandible that extends from ramus to ramus?

A

body of the mandible

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84
Q

What is the term for the lower jaw?

A

mandible

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85
Q

How does the hard palate appear on images?

A

radiopaque

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86
Q

What is a movable muscular organ attached to the floor of the mouth?

A

tongue

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87
Q

On what intraoral image do the genial tubercles normally appear?

A

mandibular anterior and posterior periapical images

88
Q

On what intraoral image does the anterior nasal spine normally appear?

A

anterior maxillary periapical image

89
Q

What is the dense outer layer of bone?

A

cortical bone / compact bone

90
Q

What is thevertical portion of the mandible that is found posterior to the third molar?

A

ramus

91
Q

How does the uvula appear on a panoramic image?

A

radiopaque

92
Q

How does the mandibular canal appear on an image?

A

radiolucent

93
Q

What is a broad, shallow, scooped-out or depressed area of bone?

A

fossa

94
Q

What is a marked prominence or projection of bone?

A

process

95
Q

What is a tubelike passageway through bone that houses nerves and blood vessels?

A

canal

96
Q

What is a narrow space or cleft that separates the lateral pterygoid plate and the maxilla?

A

pterygomaxillary fissure

97
Q

Define the term: periodontal

A

around a tooth

98
Q

What is the bone of the maxilla and mandible that supports and encases the roots of teeth?

A

alveolar bone

99
Q

What is a curved depression located between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid process of the mandible?

A

sigmoid notch / mandibular notch

100
Q

How does the lingula appear on a panoramic image?

A

radiopaque

101
Q

What is a concave, depressed area of the temporal bone where the mandibular condyle rests?

A

glenoid fossa

102
Q

What is the soft, spongy bone located between the two layers of dense cortical bone?

A

cancellous bone / trabecular bone

103
Q

How does the tongue appear on a panoramic image?

A

radiopaque

104
Q

On what intraoral image does the maxillary tuberosity normally appear?

A

posterior maxillary periapical image

105
Q

On what intraoral image does the incisive foramen normally appear?

A

anterior maxillary periapical image

106
Q

What is the term for the tooth surface towards the gumline?

A

cervical / gingival

107
Q

Define the term: edentulous

A
  • without teeth
  • an area where teeth are no longer present
108
Q

How does the zygomatic process of the maxilla appear on an image?

A

radiopaque

109
Q

How does the lipline appear on images?

A
  • areas of teeth not covered by the lips are more radiolucent
  • areas of teeth that area covered by the lips are more radiopaque
110
Q

What is the bony cavity that contains the eyeball?

A

orbit

111
Q

How does the lateral fossa appear on an image?

A

radiolucent

112
Q

How does the periodontal ligament space appear on an image?

A

radiolucent

113
Q

How does the floor of the maxillary sinus appear on an image?

A

radiopaque line under the radiolucent area of the maxillary sinus

114
Q

What is a horseshoe-shaped bone that lies below the mandible, between the chin and thyroid cartilage?

A

hyoid bone

115
Q

On what intraoral image does the mental fossa normally appear?

A

radiolucent

116
Q

What is a marked prominence of bone located on the anterior ramus of the mandible?

A

coronoid process

117
Q

What is a depressed area of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible inferior to the mylohyoid ridge?

A

submandibular fossa / mandibular fossa

118
Q

What is the structure composed of cartilage with a thin covering of connective tissue and skin?

A

ear

119
Q

What are the two types of bone in the human body?

A
  • cancellous
  • cortical
120
Q

On what intraoral image does the lateral fossa normally appear?

A

anterior maxillary periapical image

121
Q

On what intraoral image does the lingual foramen normally appear?

A

mandibular anterior and posterior periapical images

122
Q

What are paired cavities or compartments of bone located within the maxilla and located superior to the maxillary posterior teeth?

A

maxillary sinuses

123
Q

What is the term for the jaw joint, including the temporal bone, the mandible, and the articular disc between the two bones?

A

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

124
Q

What is a rounded prominence of bone?

A

tubercle

125
Q

On what intraoral image does the median palatal suture normally appear?

A

anterior maxillary periapical image

126
Q

How does the nasopharyngeal air space appear on a panoramic image?

A

radiolucent

127
Q

What is the term for baby teeth?

A

primary teeth / deciduous teeth

128
Q

How does the mylohyoid ridge appear on an image?

A

radiopaque

129
Q

On what intraoral image does the submandibular fossa normally appear?

A

mandibular anterior or posterior periapical image

130
Q

How does the mandibular foramen appear on a panoramic image?

A

radiolucent

131
Q

What is the term for the tooth surface towards the cheek/lips on anterior teeth?

A

facial / labial

132
Q

What is a linear prominence of cortical bone that defines the lower border of the mandible?

A

inferior border of the mandible

133
Q

What is a linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible that extends downward and forward from the ramus?

A

internal oblique ridge

134
Q

What is the bony plate that separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity in the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth?

A

hard palate

135
Q

How does the superior foramina of the incisive canal appear on an image?

A

radiolucent

136
Q

How does cancellous bone appear on an image?

A

radiolucent

137
Q

How does the mental ridge appear on an image?

A

radiopaque

138
Q

How does the maxillary sinus appear on an image?

A

radiolucent

139
Q

What is the term for the upper jaw?

A

maxilla

140
Q

What is a sharp projection of the maxilla located at the anteroinferior portion of the nasal cavity?

A

anterior nasal spine

141
Q

Define the term: radiolucency

A

an area on a dental image appears radiolucent ((dark/black) due to readily allowing the passage of the x-ray beam so that more x-rays reach the image receptor

142
Q

How does the glossopharyngeal air space appear on a panoramic image?

A

radiolucent

143
Q

What refers to the airspace of the pharynx located posterior to the tongue and oral cavity?

A

glossopharyngeal air space

144
Q

What is a rounded projection of bone extending from the posterosuperior border of the ramus of the mandible?

A

mandibular condyle

145
Q

What is a small, tongue-shaped projection of bone seen adjacent to the mandibular foramen?

A

lingula

146
Q

What is a small, fleshy extension located on the free edge of the soft palate at the midline?

A

uvula

147
Q

What is the term for the order in which teeth are arranged within the dental arches?

A

anatomic order

148
Q

What is a sharp, thornlike projection of bone?

A

spine

149
Q

What is the fleshy, movable posterior portion of the roof of the mouth separating the mouth and the phaynx?

A

soft palate

150
Q

What is the space that exists between the root of a tooth and the lamina dura and contains connective tissue fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics?

A

periodontal ligament space (PDL)

151
Q

On what intraoral image does the maxillary sinus normally appear?

A

posterior maxillary periapical image

152
Q

How does the maxillary tuberosity appear on an image?

A

radiopaque

153
Q

Is the alveolar crest more radiodense in the anterior or posterior region?

A

anterior

154
Q

How does the floor of the nasal cavity appear on an image?

A

radiopaque

155
Q

How does the zygoma appear on an image?

A

radiopaque

156
Q

What term describes a radiolucency on a dental image that exhibits one compartment without a well-defined outer border?

A

unilocular noncorticated

157
Q

How does the external auditory meatus appear on a panoramic image?

A

radiolucent

158
Q

What is a wafer-thin, curved plates of bone that extends from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

A

inferior nasal conchae

159
Q

What is the term for the chewing edge of anterior teeth?

A

incisal

160
Q

What is a wing-shaped bony projection of the sphenoid bone located distal to the maxillary tuberosity region?

A

lateral pterygoid plate

161
Q

What is a linear prominence of a cortical bone located on the external surface of the anterior portion of the mandible?

A

mental ridge

162
Q

How does the soft palate appear on a panoramic image?

A

radiopaque

163
Q

What is the portion of the maxilla or mandible that encases and supports teeth?

A

alveolar process

164
Q

On what intraoral image does the inverted Y normally appear?

A

maxillary canine periapical image

165
Q

What is a marked prominence of the temporal bone located posterior and inferior to the temporomandibular joint?

A

mastoid process

166
Q

What is a linear prominence of bone?

A

ridge

167
Q

What are tiny bumps of bone located on the lingual surface of the anterior mandible that serve as attachment sites for the genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles?

A

genial tubercles

168
Q

What is a rounded prominence of bone that extends posterior to the third molar region?

A

maxillary tuberosity

169
Q

On what intraoral image does the mental ridge normally appear?

A

mandibular anterior or posterior periapical image

170
Q

Which appears more radiopaque on an image- enamel or dentin?

A

enamel

171
Q

What is a linear prominence of bone located on the external surface of the body of the mandible?

A

external oblique ridge / external oblique line

172
Q

What is an immovable joint that represents a line of union between adjoining bones of the skull?

A

suture

173
Q

What is a round or ovoid hole in bone on the lingual aspect of the ramus of the mandible?

A

mandibular foramen

174
Q

How does the hamulus appear on an image?

A

radiopaque

175
Q

How does the lingual foramen appear on an image?

A

radiolucent

176
Q

How does the mandibular condyle appear on a panoramic image?

A

radiopaque

177
Q

What anatomical landmark can commonly be misdiagnosed as a periapical lesion on an image due to its location?

A

mental foramen

178
Q

On what intraoral image does the zygomatic process of the maxilla normally appear?

A

posterior maxillary periapical image

179
Q

How does the angle of the mandible appear on a panoramic image?

A

radiopaque

180
Q

What is a bony wall or partition that divides a cavity into separate areas?

A

septum (plural: septa)

181
Q

How does the incisive foramen appear on an image?

A

radiolucent

182
Q

What is an area of soft tissue seen on panoramic images formed by the positioning of the patient’s lips?

A

lipline

183
Q

How does cortical bone appear on an image?

A

radiopaque

184
Q

How does the nasal cavity appear on an image?

A

radiolucent

185
Q

What is the junction between the dentin and enamel of a tooth?

A

dentino-enamel junction (DEJ)

186
Q

How does the anterior border of the ramus appear on an image?

A

radiopaque

187
Q

What is an opening or hole in bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars?

A

mental foramen

188
Q

On what intraoral image does the external oblique ridge normally appear?

A

mandibular molar periapical image and molar bite-wing images

189
Q

What is the most coronal portion of alveolar bone found between teeth
that is composed of cortical bone?

A

alveolar crest / crestal bone

190
Q

What is a long, pointed, and sharp projection of bone that extends downward from the inferior surface of the temporal bone, and is located anterior to the mastoid process?

A

styloid process

191
Q

What is a small, hooklike projection of bone that extends from the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone?

A

hamulus / hamular process

192
Q

On what intraoral image does the zygoma normally appear?

A

posterior maxillary periapical image

193
Q

On what intraoral image does the septa within the maxillary sinus normally appear?

A

posterior maxillary periapical image

194
Q

What is the term for the character of a set of teeth, including their number, kind, and location/arrangement?

A

dentition

195
Q

Define the term: pericoronal

A

around the crown of a tooth

196
Q

What is the term for objects next to/touching each other?

A

adjacent / proximal

197
Q

How does enamel appear on an image?

A

radiopaque

198
Q

What is a linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible that extends from the molar region downward and forward to the lower border of the mandible?

A

mylohyoid ridge

199
Q

On what intraoral image do mandibular nutrient canals normally appear?

A

radiolucent

200
Q

What is a cavity within a tooth that includes both the pulp chamber and the pulp canals, containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics?

A

pulp cavity

201
Q

What is the term for permanent teeth that do not replace a primary/deciduous tooth?

A

nondeciduous teeth

202
Q

What is a scooped-out, depressed area of bone located on the external of the anterior mandible?

A

mental fossa

203
Q

How does the orbit appear on a panoramic image?

A

radiolucent compartment with radiopaque borders

204
Q

What is a small opening or hole in bone surrounded by the genial tubercles and located at the midline of the internal surface of the mandible?

A

lingual foramen

205
Q

On what intraoral image does the inferior nasal conchae normally appear?

A

anterior maxillary periapical image

206
Q

What is an opening or hole in bone that permits the passage of nerves and blood vessels?

A

foramen

207
Q

What term describes a radiolucency on a dental image that exhibits one compartment with a well-defined outer border?

A

unilocular coriticated

208
Q

What is the term for the chewing surfaces of posterior teeth?

A

occlusal

209
Q

What is the term for towards the apex of a tooth?

A

apical

210
Q

What is a passageway through bone that extends from the superior foramina of the incisive canal to the incisive foramen?

A

incisive canal / nasopalatine canal

211
Q

How does the anterior nasal spine appear on an image?

A

radiopaque

212
Q

What is a pear-shaped compartment of bone located superior to the maxilla?

A

nasal cavity / nasal fossa

213
Q

On what intraoral image do nutrient canals within the maxillary sinus normally appear?

A

posterior maxillary periapical image

214
Q

How does the intraorbital foramen appear on a panoramic image?

A

radiolucent

215
Q

How does the sigmoid notch appear on a panoramic image?

A

radiopaque

216
Q

What is a term used to describe a well-defined radiopacity viewed on a dental image that is located in soft tissue?

A

soft tissue opacity