key facts and figures Flashcards
full study access link in class description
1
Q
Borough member annual income 1783
A
£300
2
Q
County member annual income 1783
A
£600
3
Q
Franchise England and Wales 1783
A
250,000
4
Q
Population of England and Wales 1801
A
9.4 million
5
Q
Scottish MPs 1783
A
45
6
Q
Scottish peers 1783
A
16
7
Q
Population of Scotland 1783
A
1.6 million
8
Q
Electorate Scotland 1783
A
4500
9
Q
Annual growth of industrial output 1780s and 90s
A
Increased from the longterm level of 2% to 3-4%
10
Q
Power loom invented
A
1789 by Edmund Cartwright
11
Q
Population of Britain 1801
A
10.9 million
12
Q
Population of Britain 1811
A
12.6 million
13
Q
Population of Britain 1821
A
14.1 million
14
Q
Population of Britain 1831
A
16.3 million
15
Q
Population of Britain 1841
A
18.5 million
16
Q
Water frame invented
A
1769 by Richard Arkwright
17
Q
‘Mule’ invented
A
1779 by Samuel Crompton
18
Q
‘Spinning Jenny’ invented
A
1764 by James Hargreaves
19
Q
Steam powered power loom invented
A
1789 by Edmund Cartwright
20
Q
Farm worker production 1800
A
Enough to feed 2.5 people
21
Q
Farm worker production 1700
A
Enough to feed 1.7 people
22
Q
Steam engine with a seperate condenser developed
A
1769 by James Watt
23
Q
Rotary motion in steam engines invented
A
1781 by James Watt
24
Q
What proportion of the industrial workforce was children in the late 18th/ early 19th century?
A
At least 20%
25
Price changes 1788-92 to 1809-15
+74.1%
26
Price changes 1809-15 to 1820-26
-29.3%
27
Wage changes 1788-92 to 1809-15
+63.1%
28
Wage changes 1809-15 to 1820-26
-10.6%
29
Price of grain per quarter 1790s
£2.70
30
Price of grain per quarter 1811-14
£4.70 on average
31
Price of grain per quarter 1812
£6.30
32
London Corresponding Society set up
1792 by Thomas Hardy
33
Start of French Revolution
1789
34
French Wars
1793-1815
35
Poor harvests (during French wars)
1795-96
36
Attack on the Friends of France
July 1791
37
the September Massacres
1792
38
the Edict of Fraternity
November 1792
39
Formation of the Society of United Irishmen
1791, Belfast
40
Formation of the Orange Society
1795
41
Irish rebellion
1798
42
National Debt 1801
£456 million
43
National Debt 1793
£228 million
44
The 'Queen's affair'
1820
45
Price of wheat March 1815
71 shillings 6 pence
46
Price of wheat January 1816
52 shillings 10 pence
47
Opening of the Liverpool to Manchester railway line
September 1830
48
Catholic Association founded
1823 by Daniel O'Connell
49
County Clare by-election
1828
50
Coal production 1815-30
16-30 million tons
51
Pig iron production 1815-30
Doubled
52
Imports of raw cotton 1815-30
Doubled/tripled
53
What proportion of British exports were textiles by the 1830s?
70%
54
What proportion of Britain's imports was raw cotton by the 1830s?
20%
55
What proportion of the British workforce was engaged in the cotton industry by the 1830s?
30%
56
First steamship launched
1838
57
Tonnage of ships built and registered in Britain 1820
66,700
58
Tonnage of ships built and registered in Britain 1830
75,500
59
Coal produced 1800
11 million tons
60
Coal produced 1816
15.9 million tons
61
Coal produced 1835
27.7 million tons
62
Percentage of coal produced that was exported 1800
2%
63
Percentage of coal produced that was exported 1816
2.5%
64
Percentage of coal produced that was exported 1835
2.7%
65
Coal output 1820
450,000 tons
66
Coal output 1832
1 million tons
67
Raw cotton imported 1810-19
96 million lbs
68
Raw cotton imported 1820-29
173 million lbs
69
Export of cotton goods 1810-19
227 million yards
70
Export of cotton goods 1820-29
320 million yards
71
Reliable cast-iron power loom invented
1822 by Richard Roberts
72
Power looms in operation in 1803
2,400
73
Power looms in operation in 1833
100,000
74
Hot-air blast furnace invented
1828
75
Safety lamp invented
1813 by Sir Humphrey Davy
76
Puffing Billy
Operating by 1812, invented by William Hedley
77
Stockton to Darlington railway line opened
1825
78
Threshing machine invented
1778 by Andrew Meikle
79
Threshing machines in general use around the country
1820s
80
Free trade budgets 1820s
1824-25
81
Population of Liverpool 1801
82,000
82
Population of Liverpool 1831
202,000
83
Population of Manchester 1801
75,000
84
Population of Manchester 1831
182,000
85
Population of Glasgow 1801
77,000
86
Population of Glasgow 1831
202,000
87
How many Scots emigrated in 1832?
10,000
88
British emigrants 1816
13,000
89
British emigrants 1819
35,000
90
British emigrants 1830
55,000
91
British emigrants 1832
103,000
92
Formation of the Hampden Clubs
1811 by Francis Burdett
93
Spa Fields
1816
94
Peterloo Massacre
1819
95
Swing Riots
late 1820s - 1832
96
'Captain Swing' letters
1830
97
BPU founded
1829 by Thomas Attwood
98
How many (rotten) boroughs lost both MPs as a result of the Great Reform Act?
56
99
How many (rotten) boroughs lost an MP as a result of the Great Reform Act?
30
100
How many new boroughs were created as a result of the Great Reform Act?
22
101
How many smaller new boroughs were given one MP a result of the Great Reform Act?
20
102
How many MPs was Scotland given as a result of the Great Reform Act?
12
103
How many MPs was Wales given as a result of the Great Reform Act?
5
104
What proportion of MPs came from the landed classes a decade after the Great Reform Act?
70%
105
How much did the electorate increase by after the Great Reform Act?
435-652,000
1/5 men
106
Tamworth Manifesto
December 1834
107
Lichfield House Compact
February 1835
108
National Society and British and Foreign Society founded
1811
109
First govt education grant
£20,000
110
Govt education grant increased
£30,000
111
Ashley's 10 Hour Bill
1846
112
Slavery compensation
£20 million
113
Average annual poor rates 1830-34
£6.75 million
114
Average annual poor rates 1835-39
£4.5 million
115
Formation of London Working Men's Association
1836
116
6 point People's Charter launched
1838
117
Newport rising
1839
118
First national Chartist petition rejected
1838
119
Second national Chartist petition rejected
1842
120
Plug Plot riots
1842
121
Signatures on first national Chartist petition
1,280,000
122
Signatures on second national Chartist petition
3 million
123
O'Connell arrested at monster meeting at Clontarf
1843
124
Young Ireland founded
1844
125
Anti-Corn Law League founded
1838 in Manchester
126
Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain published
1842 by Edwin Chadwick
127
Maynooth Grant increased
1845
128
Irish Famine
1845-52
129
Future PMs in Peel's Cabinet
Gladstone, Lord Stanley, Lord Aberdeen
130
Institute of Civil Engineers formed
1818
131
How many railway companies were there in the early 1840s?
200
132
Miles of railway in 1832
Just over 100
133
Miles of railway in 1843
Nearly 2000
134
Miles of railway in 1846
>4000
135
Iron production 1820
450,000 tons
136
Iron production 1850
2 million tons
137
Coal output 1820
17.4 million tons
138
Coal output 1830
22.4 million tons
139
Coal output 1850
49.4 million tons
140
Price of wheat for a few years after 1838
Over 60 shillings a quarter
141
Change in cost of poor rates 1830s and 40s
Decrease by almost half
142
How many acres could one steam engine drain?
6000
143
Royal Agricultural Society formed
1842
144
What proportion of families lived off the land during the 1830s and 40s?
>1/3
145
How many Irish died due to starvation during the Famine?
Approx 1 million
146
How many Irish had emigrated by 1851
Approx 1.5 million
147
Change in Ireland's population due to the famine
9 mill 1841 --> 6.5 mill 1851 (-2.5 mill)
148
How many towns and cities in Britain had populations of 200,000 by 1851?
approx 60
149
4 towns with a population of 200,000 in 1831
Glasgow, Liverpool, Birmingham, Manchester
150
Liverpool's population growth 1821-31
+46%
151
Percentage of death in industrial towns caused by endemic infectious diseases
40%
152
Percentage of children who died before turning 5
approx 50%
153
Mortality rates 1830s and 40s
Increased (had been decreasing since 1750)
154
First horse-drawn omnibuses in service
Glasgow 1845
155
Change in incomes of agricultural labourers early 1800s
-30% in rural areas (7-9 shillings a week)
156
Proportion of weekly wages spent on food 1830s and 40s
3/4 (mostly on bread)
157
Change in weekly income of weavers in the West Riding of Yorkshire in the 1830s
25 shillings a week --> 4 shillings 6 pence
158
GNCTU membership within a few weeks
> 500,000
159
GNCTU set up
1834
160
The Tolpuddle Martyrs
1834
161
The Rochdale Pioneers set up their cooperative store
1844
162
Number of cooperative stores by 1850
>100
163
Cooperative Wholesale Society formed
1863
164
Friendly Society membership by 1846
1.5 mill
165
Formation of the Liberal Party
1859
166
The Bedchamber Crisis
1839
167
National Union of Conservative Associations set up
1867
168
Franchise pre-Second Reform Act
1.2 million
169
Franchise post-Second Reform Act
2.5 million (1/3 of adult male pop)
170
Franchise pre-Third Reform Act
3 million
171
Franchise post-Third Reform Act
6 million (2/3 of adult male pop)
172
Board of Health set up
1848
173
Charity Organisation Society formed
1869
174
First cholera outbreak
Sutherland 1832
175
General Board of Health set up
1848
176
General Board of Health dissolved
1858
177
Local Government Board (of health) set up
1871
178
Reform League set up
Feb 1865
179
Reform Union set up
April 1864
180
Gladstone's Reform Bill
1866
181
Violence near Hyde Park after Reform League meeting blocked
July 1866
182
More violence linked to reform groups
May 1867
183
Beginnings of Fenianism in Ireland
1858
184
Fenian disturbances in England and Ireland
1867
185
Amnesty Association founded
1868 by Isaac Butt
186
Home Rule League founded
1873 by Isaac Butt
187
Land League founded
1879 by Michael Davitt
188
Charles Parnell leader of Irish Nationalists
1879
189
Irish Republican Brotherhood set up
1858 in Ireland
190
the Fenian Brotherhood set up
1858 in North America
191
Supposed Fenian supporters in the 1860s
80,000
192
Manchester Martyrs shooting
Sept 1867
193
Irish MPs elected on a Home Rule platform in the 1874 general election
59
194
British trading in the mid 19th century
- Produced over 40% of total traded manufactured goods in the world
- Approx 25% of the world's trade passed through British ports
195
Proportion of all British goods were exported to the British Empire
1/3
196
The Great Exhibition
1851
197
Worth of the fertiliser industry by 1870
£8 million a year
198
Worth of the animal feed industry by 1870
£5 million a year
199
Proportion of home consumed produce produced by British farmers by the early 1870s
50% of wheat and 90% of meat
200
Textiles exports 1840-9 (£ million)
38.2
201
Textiles exports 1870-9 (£ million)
118.6
202
Cotton exports 1840-9 (£ million)
24.6
203
Cotton exports 1870-9 (£ million)
71.5
204
Iron and steel exports 1840-9 (£ million)
8.2
205
Iron and steel exports 1870-9 (£ million)
35
206
Machinery exports 1840-9 (£ million)
0.8
207
Machinery exports 1870-9 (£ million)
7.7
208
Coal exports 1840-9 (£ million)
0.9
209
Coal exports 1870-9 (£ million)
8.8
210
Coal output 1850
50 million tons
211
Coal output 1875
130 million tons
212
Steam hammer developed
1844 by James Nasmyth's
213
Hot blast developed
1827 by John Nielsen
214
Iron ore production 1855-75
9 --> 15 million tons
215
First London underground line
Metropolitan Line, 1863
216
How many people did the Metropolitan Line carry in its first year?
10 million
217
Miles of railway 1860-75
9069-14,510
218
Railway passengers 1860-75
153-490 million
219
Tons of freight transported by railway 1860-75
88-196 million
220
Railway ticket sale profits 1860-75
£12.2-24.3 million
221
Railway freight charges profits 1860-75
£14.2-32.1 million
222
Suez Canal opened
1869
223
Tonnage of steam ships registered in Britain 1850-80
319,000 --> 3+ million
224
What proportion of Britain's exports did the textile industry account for in 1851
Almost 2/3
225
British, German and American coal production 1850-80 (million tonnes)
Britain: 57 --> 149
Germany: 6 --> 59
USA: N/A --> 64.9
226
American Civil war
1863-66
227
Franco-Prussian War
1870-71
228
Germany introduces trade tariffs
1879
229
British, German and American pig-iron production 1850-80 (million tonnes)
Britain: 2.2 --> 7.8
Germany: N/A --> 2.5
USA: N/A --> 3.9
230
Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species published
1859
231
Samuel Smiles' Self-Help published
1859
232
First Barnardo's Home opens
1867 in East London
233
Completion of Bazalgette's sewage system for London
1870
234
William Booth founds the Salvation Army
1878
235
Proportion of the British population living in towns 1850s-1871
50% --> 65%
236
The Great Stink
1858
237
When did death and birth rates begin to decline mid 19th century?
From 1865
238
Post Office savings banks introduced
1861 by Gladstone
239
Treasury makes loans available to local authorities for house building
1866
240
Changes in wages for industrial workers, prices, and subsequent real wages 1850-75
Wages for industrial workers: +50%
Prices: +20%
Real wages: +30%
241
Real wages of farm labourers begin to rise
1860
242
Best wage for an agricultural labourer late 19th century
~20 shillings a week
243
Counties that suffered serious depopulation
Cornwall, Shropshire, Somerset and Westmorland
244
The Crofters' War
1882
245
Oxford Movement founded
1833
246
Lord's Day Observance Society established
1831
247
Church attendance across the entire population by 1851
Just over 50%
248
First Trades Union Congress held
1868
249
Trade unions achieve legal status
1871
250
Percentage of the working population without the vote ~1884
70% (including women)
251
From when could women be Poor Law guardians?
1875
252
Unemployment 1885
10% of the working population
253
Fair Trade League established
1881
254
The 'scramble for Africa'
1882-1900
255
When did the boom in railway-building end?
1875
256
The wettest summer on record
1879
257
Price of wheat 1874-85
55 --> 31 (shillings a quarter)
258
When did Disraeli die?
1880
259
Rate of population growth 1881
Just over 10% per decade
260
Percentage of population receiving poor relief 1834-80
8.8% --> 3.2%
261
Change in taxation on tea, spirits, wine etc under Pitt
100% --> 25%
262
Effect of the Commutation Act
Tea taxation 119% --> 12.5%
263
Seats redistributed by the 1885 Redistribution of Seats Act
142
264
Percentage of adult male population who were paupers 1885
12%
265
National Liberation Foundation founded
1877
266
DELETE
70% including women
267
DELETE
70% including women
268
National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies launched
1887
269
Proportion of London's population living in poverty by 1886 according to Charles Booth
30%
270
Fair Trade League established
1881
271
Sunlight Soap set up
1885
272
Number of United Irishmen 1798
117,000
273
Canning Foreign Secretary
1807-09, 1822-27
274
Lord Castlereagh suicide
August 1822
275
Bank of England suspends cash payments
1797
276
Bank of England resumes cash payments
1819
277
Cato Street Conspiracy
1820
278
Income tax repealed (1810s)
1816
