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AQA A Level History Industrialisation and the People: Britain 1783-1885 (1F) > key facts and figures > Flashcards

key facts and figures Flashcards

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1
Q

Borough member annual income 1783

A

£300

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2
Q

County member annual income 1783

A

£600

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3
Q

Franchise England and Wales 1783

A

250,000

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4
Q

Population of England and Wales 1801

A

9.4 million

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5
Q

Scottish MPs 1783

A

45

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6
Q

Scottish peers 1783

A

16

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7
Q

Population of Scotland 1783

A

1.6 million

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8
Q

Electorate Scotland 1783

A

4500

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9
Q

Annual growth of industrial output 1780s and 90s

A

Increased from the longterm level of 2% to 3-4%

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10
Q

Power loom invented

A

1789 by Edmund Cartwright

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11
Q

Population of Britain 1801

A

10.9 million

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12
Q

Population of Britain 1811

A

12.6 million

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13
Q

Population of Britain 1821

A

14.1 million

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14
Q

Population of Britain 1831

A

16.3 million

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15
Q

Population of Britain 1841

A

18.5 million

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16
Q

Water frame invented

A

1769 by Richard Arkwright

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17
Q

‘Mule’ invented

A

1779 by Samuel Crompton

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18
Q

‘Spinning Jenny’ invented

A

1764 by James Hargreaves

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19
Q

Steam powered power loom invented

A

1789 by Edmund Cartwright

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20
Q

Farm worker production 1800

A

Enough to feed 2.5 people

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21
Q

Farm worker production 1700

A

Enough to feed 1.7 people

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22
Q

Steam engine with a seperate condenser developed

A

1769 by James Watt

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23
Q

Rotary motion in steam engines invented

A

1781 by James Watt

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24
Q

What proportion of the industrial workforce was children in the late 18th/ early 19th century?

A

At least 20%

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25
Q

Price changes 1788-92 to 1809-15

A

+74.1%

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26
Q

Price changes 1809-15 to 1820-26

A

-29.3%

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27
Q

Wage changes 1788-92 to 1809-15

A

+63.1%

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28
Q

Wage changes 1809-15 to 1820-26

A

-10.6%

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29
Q

Price of grain per quarter 1790s

A

£2.70

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30
Q

Price of grain per quarter 1811-14

A

£4.70 on average

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31
Q

Price of grain per quarter 1812

A

£6.30

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32
Q

London Corresponding Society set up

A

1792 by Thomas Hardy

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33
Q

Start of French Revolution

A

1789

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34
Q

French Wars

A

1793-1815

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35
Q

Poor harvests (during French wars)

A

1795-96

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36
Q

Attack on the Friends of France

A

July 1791

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37
Q

the September Massacres

A

1792

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38
Q

the Edict of Fraternity

A

November 1792

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39
Q

Formation of the Society of United Irishmen

A

1791, Belfast

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40
Q

Formation of the Orange Society

A

1795

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41
Q

Irish rebellion

A

1798

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42
Q

National Debt 1801

A

£456 million

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43
Q

National Debt 1793

A

£228 million

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44
Q

The ‘Queen’s affair’

A

1820

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45
Q

Price of wheat March 1815

A

71 shillings 6 pence

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46
Q

Price of wheat January 1816

A

52 shillings 10 pence

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47
Q

Opening of the Liverpool to Manchester railway line

A

September 1830

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48
Q

Catholic Association founded

A

1823 by Daniel O’Connell

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49
Q

County Clare by-election

A

1828

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50
Q

Coal production 1815-30

A

16-30 million tons

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51
Q

Pig iron production 1815-30

A

Doubled

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52
Q

Imports of raw cotton 1815-30

A

Doubled/tripled

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53
Q

What proportion of British exports were textiles by the 1830s?

A

70%

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54
Q

What proportion of Britain’s imports was raw cotton by the 1830s?

A

20%

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55
Q

What proportion of the British workforce was engaged in the cotton industry by the 1830s?

A

30%

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56
Q

First steamship launched

A

1838

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57
Q

Tonnage of ships built and registered in Britain 1820

A

66,700

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58
Q

Tonnage of ships built and registered in Britain 1830

A

75,500

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59
Q

Coal produced 1800

A

11 million tons

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60
Q

Coal produced 1816

A

15.9 million tons

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61
Q

Coal produced 1835

A

27.7 million tons

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62
Q

Percentage of coal produced that was exported 1800

A

2%

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63
Q

Percentage of coal produced that was exported 1816

A

2.5%

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64
Q

Percentage of coal produced that was exported 1835

A

2.7%

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65
Q

Coal output 1820

A

450,000 tons

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66
Q

Coal output 1832

A

1 million tons

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67
Q

Raw cotton imported 1810-19

A

96 million lbs

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68
Q

Raw cotton imported 1820-29

A

173 million lbs

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69
Q

Export of cotton goods 1810-19

A

227 million yards

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70
Q

Export of cotton goods 1820-29

A

320 million yards

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71
Q

Reliable cast-iron power loom invented

A

1822 by Richard Roberts

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72
Q

Power looms in operation in 1803

A

2,400

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73
Q

Power looms in operation in 1833

A

100,000

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74
Q

Hot-air blast furnace invented

A

1828

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75
Q

Safety lamp invented

A

1813 by Sir Humphrey Davy

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76
Q

Puffing Billy

A

Operating by 1812, invented by William Hedley

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77
Q

Stockton to Darlington railway line opened

A

1825

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78
Q

Threshing machine invented

A

1778 by Andrew Meikle

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79
Q

Threshing machines in general use around the country

A

1820s

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80
Q

Free trade budgets 1820s

A

1824-25

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81
Q

Population of Liverpool 1801

A

82,000

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82
Q

Population of Liverpool 1831

A

202,000

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83
Q

Population of Manchester 1801

A

75,000

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84
Q

Population of Manchester 1831

A

182,000

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85
Q

Population of Glasgow 1801

A

77,000

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86
Q

Population of Glasgow 1831

A

202,000

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87
Q

How many Scots emigrated in 1832?

A

10,000

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88
Q

British emigrants 1816

A

13,000

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89
Q

British emigrants 1819

A

35,000

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90
Q

British emigrants 1830

A

55,000

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91
Q

British emigrants 1832

A

103,000

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92
Q

Formation of the Hampden Clubs

A

1811 by Francis Burdett

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93
Q

Spa Fields

A

1816

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94
Q

Peterloo Massacre

A

1819

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95
Q

Swing Riots

A

late 1820s - 1832

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96
Q

‘Captain Swing’ letters

A

1830

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97
Q

BPU founded

A

1829 by Thomas Attwood

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98
Q

How many (rotten) boroughs lost both MPs as a result of the Great Reform Act?

A

56

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99
Q

How many (rotten) boroughs lost an MP as a result of the Great Reform Act?

A

30

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100
Q

How many new boroughs were created as a result of the Great Reform Act?

A

22

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101
Q

How many smaller new boroughs were given one MP a result of the Great Reform Act?

A

20

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102
Q

How many MPs was Scotland given as a result of the Great Reform Act?

A

12

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103
Q

How many MPs was Wales given as a result of the Great Reform Act?

A

5

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104
Q

What proportion of MPs came from the landed classes a decade after the Great Reform Act?

A

70%

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105
Q

How much did the electorate increase by after the Great Reform Act?

A

435-652,000
1/5 men

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106
Q

Tamworth Manifesto

A

December 1834

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107
Q

Lichfield House Compact

A

February 1835

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108
Q

National Society and British and Foreign Society founded

A

1811

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109
Q

First govt education grant

A

£20,000

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110
Q

Govt education grant increased

A

£30,000

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111
Q

Ashley’s 10 Hour Bill

A

1846

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112
Q

Slavery compensation

A

£20 million

113
Q

Average annual poor rates 1830-34

A

£6.75 million

114
Q

Average annual poor rates 1835-39

A

£4.5 million

115
Q

Formation of London Working Men’s Association

A

1836

116
Q

6 point People’s Charter launched

A

1838

117
Q

Newport rising

A

1839

118
Q

First national Chartist petition rejected

A

1838

119
Q

Second national Chartist petition rejected

A

1842

120
Q

Plug Plot riots

A

1842

121
Q

Signatures on first national Chartist petition

A

1,280,000

122
Q

Signatures on second national Chartist petition

A

3 million

123
Q

O’Connell arrested at monster meeting at Clontarf

A

1843

124
Q

Young Ireland founded

A

1844

125
Q

Anti-Corn Law League founded

A

1838 in Manchester

126
Q

Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain published

A

1842 by Edwin Chadwick

127
Q

Maynooth Grant increased

A

1845

128
Q

Irish Famine

A

1845-52

129
Q

Future PMs in Peel’s Cabinet

A

Gladstone, Lord Stanley, Lord Aberdeen

130
Q

Institute of Civil Engineers formed

A

1818

131
Q

How many railway companies were there in the early 1840s?

A

200

132
Q

Miles of railway in 1832

A

Just over 100

133
Q

Miles of railway in 1843

A

Nearly 2000

134
Q

Miles of railway in 1846

A

> 4000

135
Q

Iron production 1820

A

450,000 tons

136
Q

Iron production 1850

A

2 million tons

137
Q

Coal output 1820

A

17.4 million tons

138
Q

Coal output 1830

A

22.4 million tons

139
Q

Coal output 1850

A

49.4 million tons

140
Q

Price of wheat for a few years after 1838

A

Over 60 shillings a quarter

141
Q

Change in cost of poor rates 1830s and 40s

A

Decrease by almost half

142
Q

How many acres could one steam engine drain?

A

6000

143
Q

Royal Agricultural Society formed

A

1842

144
Q

What proportion of families lived off the land during the 1830s and 40s?

A

> 1/3

145
Q

How many Irish died due to starvation during the Famine?

A

Approx 1 million

146
Q

How many Irish had emigrated by 1851

A

Approx 1.5 million

147
Q

Change in Ireland’s population due to the famine

A

9 mill 1841 –> 6.5 mill 1851 (-2.5 mill)

148
Q

How many towns and cities in Britain had populations of 200,000 by 1851?

A

approx 60

149
Q

4 towns with a population of 200,000 in 1831

A

Glasgow, Liverpool, Birmingham, Manchester

150
Q

Liverpool’s population growth 1821-31

A

+46%

151
Q

Percentage of death in industrial towns caused by endemic infectious diseases

A

40%

152
Q

Percentage of children who died before turning 5

A

approx 50%

153
Q

Mortality rates 1830s and 40s

A

Increased (had been decreasing since 1750)

154
Q

First horse-drawn omnibuses in service

A

Glasgow 1845

155
Q

Change in incomes of agricultural labourers early 1800s

A

-30% in rural areas (7-9 shillings a week)

156
Q

Proportion of weekly wages spent on food 1830s and 40s

A

3/4 (mostly on bread)

157
Q

Change in weekly income of weavers in the West Riding of Yorkshire in the 1830s

A

25 shillings a week –> 4 shillings 6 pence

158
Q

GNCTU membership within a few weeks

A

> 500,000

159
Q

GNCTU set up

A

1834

160
Q

The Tolpuddle Martyrs

A

1834

161
Q

The Rochdale Pioneers set up their cooperative store

A

1844

162
Q

Number of cooperative stores by 1850

A

> 100

163
Q

Cooperative Wholesale Society formed

A

1863

164
Q

Friendly Society membership by 1846

A

1.5 mill

165
Q

Formation of the Liberal Party

A

1859

166
Q

The Bedchamber Crisis

A

1839

167
Q

National Union of Conservative Associations set up

A

1867

168
Q

Franchise pre-Second Reform Act

A

1.2 million

169
Q

Franchise post-Second Reform Act

A

2.5 million (1/3 of adult male pop)

170
Q

Franchise pre-Third Reform Act

A

3 million

171
Q

Franchise post-Third Reform Act

A

6 million (2/3 of adult male pop)

172
Q

Board of Health set up

A

1848

173
Q

Charity Organisation Society formed

A

1869

174
Q

First cholera outbreak

A

Sutherland 1832

175
Q

General Board of Health set up

A

1848

176
Q

General Board of Health dissolved

A

1858

177
Q

Local Government Board (of health) set up

A

1871

178
Q

Reform League set up

A

Feb 1865

179
Q

Reform Union set up

A

April 1864

180
Q

Gladstone’s Reform Bill

A

1866

181
Q

Violence near Hyde Park after Reform League meeting blocked

A

July 1866

182
Q

More violence linked to reform groups

A

May 1867

183
Q

Beginnings of Fenianism in Ireland

A

1858

184
Q

Fenian disturbances in England and Ireland

A

1867

185
Q

Amnesty Association founded

A

1868 by Isaac Butt

186
Q

Home Rule League founded

A

1873 by Isaac Butt

187
Q

Land League founded

A

1879 by Michael Davitt

188
Q

Charles Parnell leader of Irish Nationalists

A

1879

189
Q

Irish Republican Brotherhood set up

A

1858 in Ireland

190
Q

the Fenian Brotherhood set up

A

1858 in North America

191
Q

Supposed Fenian supporters in the 1860s

A

80,000

192
Q

Manchester Martyrs shooting

A

Sept 1867

193
Q

Irish MPs elected on a Home Rule platform in the 1874 general election

A

59

194
Q

British trading in the mid 19th century

A
  • Produced over 40% of total traded manufactured goods in the world
  • Approx 25% of the world’s trade passed through British ports
195
Q

Proportion of all British goods were exported to the British Empire

A

1/3

196
Q

The Great Exhibition

A

1851

197
Q

Worth of the fertiliser industry by 1870

A

£8 million a year

198
Q

Worth of the animal feed industry by 1870

A

£5 million a year

199
Q

Proportion of home consumed produce produced by British farmers by the early 1870s

A

50% of wheat and 90% of meat

200
Q

Textiles exports 1840-9 (£ million)

A

38.2

201
Q

Textiles exports 1870-9 (£ million)

A

118.6

202
Q

Cotton exports 1840-9 (£ million)

A

24.6

203
Q

Cotton exports 1870-9 (£ million)

A

71.5

204
Q

Iron and steel exports 1840-9 (£ million)

A

8.2

205
Q

Iron and steel exports 1870-9 (£ million)

A

35

206
Q

Machinery exports 1840-9 (£ million)

A

0.8

207
Q

Machinery exports 1870-9 (£ million)

A

7.7

208
Q

Coal exports 1840-9 (£ million)

A

0.9

209
Q

Coal exports 1870-9 (£ million)

A

8.8

210
Q

Coal output 1850

A

50 million tons

211
Q

Coal output 1875

A

130 million tons

212
Q

Steam hammer developed

A

1844 by James Nasmyth’s

213
Q

Hot blast developed

A

1827 by John Nielsen

214
Q

Iron ore production 1855-75

A

9 –> 15 million tons

215
Q

First London underground line

A

Metropolitan Line, 1863

216
Q

How many people did the Metropolitan Line carry in its first year?

A

10 million

217
Q

Miles of railway 1860-75

A

9069-14,510

218
Q

Railway passengers 1860-75

A

153-490 million

219
Q

Tons of freight transported by railway 1860-75

A

88-196 million

220
Q

Railway ticket sale profits 1860-75

A

£12.2-24.3 million

221
Q

Railway freight charges profits 1860-75

A

£14.2-32.1 million

222
Q

Suez Canal opened

A

1869

223
Q

Tonnage of steam ships registered in Britain 1850-80

A

319,000 –> 3+ million

224
Q

What proportion of Britain’s exports did the textile industry account for in 1851

A

Almost 2/3

225
Q

British, German and American coal production 1850-80 (million tonnes)

A

Britain: 57 –> 149
Germany: 6 –> 59
USA: N/A –> 64.9

226
Q

American Civil war

A

1863-66

227
Q

Franco-Prussian War

A

1870-71

228
Q

Germany introduces trade tariffs

A

1879

229
Q

British, German and American pig-iron production 1850-80 (million tonnes)

A

Britain: 2.2 –> 7.8
Germany: N/A –> 2.5
USA: N/A –> 3.9

230
Q

Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species published

A

1859

231
Q

Samuel Smiles’ Self-Help published

A

1859

232
Q

First Barnardo’s Home opens

A

1867 in East London

233
Q

Completion of Bazalgette’s sewage system for London

A

1870

234
Q

William Booth founds the Salvation Army

A

1878

235
Q

Proportion of the British population living in towns 1850s-1871

A

50% –> 65%

236
Q

The Great Stink

A

1858

237
Q

When did death and birth rates begin to decline mid 19th century?

A

From 1865

238
Q

Post Office savings banks introduced

A

1861 by Gladstone

239
Q

Treasury makes loans available to local authorities for house building

A

1866

240
Q

Changes in wages for industrial workers, prices, and subsequent real wages 1850-75

A

Wages for industrial workers: +50%
Prices: +20%
Real wages: +30%

241
Q

Real wages of farm labourers begin to rise

A

1860

242
Q

Best wage for an agricultural labourer late 19th century

A

~20 shillings a week

243
Q

Counties that suffered serious depopulation

A

Cornwall, Shropshire, Somerset and Westmorland

244
Q

The Crofters’ War

A

1882

245
Q

Oxford Movement founded

A

1833

246
Q

Lord’s Day Observance Society established

A

1831

247
Q

Church attendance across the entire population by 1851

A

Just over 50%

248
Q

First Trades Union Congress held

A

1868

249
Q

Trade unions achieve legal status

A

1871

250
Q

Percentage of the working population without the vote ~1884

A

70% (including women)

251
Q

From when could women be Poor Law guardians?

A

1875

252
Q

Unemployment 1885

A

10% of the working population

253
Q

Fair Trade League established

A

1881

254
Q

The ‘scramble for Africa’

A

1882-1900

255
Q

When did the boom in railway-building end?

A

1875

256
Q

The wettest summer on record

A

1879

257
Q

Price of wheat 1874-85

A

55 –> 31 (shillings a quarter)

258
Q

When did Disraeli die?

A

1880

259
Q

Rate of population growth 1881

A

Just over 10% per decade

260
Q

Percentage of population receiving poor relief 1834-80

A

8.8% –> 3.2%

261
Q

Change in taxation on tea, spirits, wine etc under Pitt

A

100% –> 25%

262
Q

Effect of the Commutation Act

A

Tea taxation 119% –> 12.5%

263
Q

Seats redistributed by the 1885 Redistribution of Seats Act

A

142

264
Q

Percentage of adult male population who were paupers 1885

A

12%

265
Q

National Liberation Foundation founded

A

1877

266
Q

DELETE

A

70% including women

267
Q

DELETE

A

70% including women

268
Q

National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies launched

A

1887

269
Q

Proportion of London’s population living in poverty by 1886 according to Charles Booth

A

30%

270
Q

Fair Trade League established

A

1881

271
Q

Sunlight Soap set up

A

1885

272
Q

Number of United Irishmen 1798

A

117,000

273
Q

Canning Foreign Secretary

A

1807-09, 1822-27

274
Q

Lord Castlereagh suicide

A

August 1822

275
Q

Bank of England suspends cash payments

A

1797

276
Q

Bank of England resumes cash payments

A

1819

277
Q

Cato Street Conspiracy

A

1820

278
Q

Income tax repealed (1810s)

A

1816

AQA A Level History Industrialisation and the People: Britain 1783-1885 (1F) (27 decks)

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