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AQA A Level History Industrialisation and the People: Britain 1783-1885 (1F) > Chapter 8 - Canning, Goderich and Wellington > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Canning, Goderich and Wellington Flashcards

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1
Q

Who became Prime Minister upon the death of Canning in August 1827?

A

Lord Goderich

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2
Q

Who became Prime Minister in January 1928?

A

Duke of Wellington

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3
Q

When were the Test and Corporation Acts repealed?

A

1828

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4
Q

When was a sliding scale for the Corn Laws first introduced as an idea by Huskisson?

A

1828

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5
Q

When was the Catholic Emancipation Act passed?

A

February 1829

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6
Q

When did William IV become King upon the death of George IV?

A

July 1830

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7
Q

When was Huskisson killed and how?

A

September 1830, hit by a train at opening of Liverpool to Manchester railway

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8
Q

When was the Metropolitan Police Improvement Act, which formed the Metropolitan Police, passed?

A

1829

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9
Q

When did Wellington’s first government fall?

A

November 1830

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10
Q

What were some of the reasons that half of Canning’s cabinet refused to serve under him?

A

Thought he was too advanced in ideas, too flamboyant, untrustworthy, did not like his liberal ideas, looked down on by aristocrats because of actress mother

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11
Q

Who were two prominent members of Canning’s cabinet who refused to serve under him?

A

Wellington and Peel

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12
Q

What job did George Canning’s mother do and why does this matter?

A

Was an actress, matters because it made aristocrats look down on him

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13
Q

How many Whigs did Canning invite into his cabinet?

A

4 Whigs

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14
Q

How did the Whigs see Canning?

A

As a natural ally because of his liberal ideas and flexibility, the majority gave him their support in the Commons

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15
Q

What did Canning do as Prime Minister?

A

Not much really- George IV wouldn’t let him do Catholic Emancipation and Sliding Scales stopped him reforming Corn Laws

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16
Q

What had Goderich been appointed as in 1827?

A

Leader of the House of Lords

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17
Q

How long did Goderich last as PM?

A

4 months

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18
Q

Why did Goderich have a difficult job as Leader of the House of Lords?

A

Most Lords were Tories and refused to cooperate with Canning, whilst Earl Grey’s Whigs wanted to replace Canning with a purely Whig cabinet

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19
Q

Was Goderich a good leader of the House of Lords or PM?

A

No- he was impotent in his roles, showed few qualities of leadership and did little

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20
Q

Who did Wellington appoint as Home Secretary in 1828?

A

Peel

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21
Q

What condition did Peel give to accept the role of Home Secretary in 1828?

A

Wellington had to include the Canningites and followers of Huskisson because their liberal ideas were popular with the people

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22
Q

What did Wellington do to annoy the Ultra Tories as soon as he took office?

A

He excluded Lord Eldon, the previous Lord Chancellor

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23
Q

Why did Huskisson resign from Wellington’s cabinet and what did this cause?

A

The proposed disenfranchisement of two rotten boroughs, Penryn and East Retford; Huskisson wanted the seats redistributed to Leeds and Manchester, but Wellington refused. This caused further resignations.

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24
Q

What event in Ireland further weakened Wellington’s position in 1828?

A

The County Clare by-election

25
Q

Who were 4 major opposing Tory factions under Canning?

A
  1. Ultra Tories
  2. Huskisson Supporters
  3. Pro-Corn Law faction
  4. Traditional Tories
26
Q

Who were the pro-Corn Law Tories in the late 1820s?

A

Agriculturalists who were concerned that Huskisson’s sliding scale for the Corn Laws would not offer the protection for their produce that they demanded

27
Q

Who were the Huskisson-supporting Tories in the late 1820s?

A

A group who recognised the importance of industrial growth and the need to encourage its expansion via free trade

28
Q

Who were the Traditional Tories in the late 1820s?

A

Tories who would consider economic and administrative reform, but not any parliamentary reform or Catholic Emancipation, which they believed would disturb the integrity of the constitution or the preservation of church and state

29
Q

Who were the Ultra Tories in the late 1820s?

A

An extreme version of Traditional Tories who were intolerant of any measure which would disturb their own patrimony, and were prepared to vote themselves out of office to prevent reform

30
Q

Why did some Ultra Tories attempt tactical voting over the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts?

A

They knew they were swimming against the tide, but thought it would turn enough Protestant dissenters against Catholics to prevent Catholic Emancipation

31
Q

What were the results of the election prompted by the accession of King William IV in June 1830?

A

They favoured the Whigs and Canningite Tories, but left Wellington in power

32
Q

What major blunder did Wellington make in November 1830?

A

A reactionary speech which praised the existing system as being nearly perfect, which upset nearly everyone

33
Q

What caused Wellington to resign in 1830?

A

Losing a vote of no confidence

34
Q

What in 1830 made Wellington’s Government look weak and indecisive?

A

Swing riots

35
Q

What did Wellington’s supporters think he could have done to prevent the Tories losing power in 1830?

A

Introduce some moderate reform to placate the opposition instead of sticking rigidly to a policy of no reform whatsoever

36
Q

Who led the group which campaigned for the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts?

A

Lord John Russell, with help from Protestant dissenters

37
Q

What did the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts in 1828 do?

A

Lift the legal ban on Nonconformist Protestants holding public office

38
Q

When were the Test and Corporation Acts first introduced?

A

1661 (Corporation), 1673 (Test)

39
Q

Was the Corn Law sliding scale implemented by Huskisson?

A

No- he resigned before he could do so.

40
Q

Who implemented the Corn Law sliding scale for the first time and when?

A

Peel in 1829

41
Q

Why did Huskisson propose the sliding scale for the Corn Laws?

A

It seemed a solution to maintain a steady market and income for farmers whilst still lowering bread prices to keep working people happy

42
Q

Why was the Metropolitan Police Act introduced?

A

As a preventative measure to reverse the upward trend of crime rates, especially in London (partially caused by his own repeal of the Bloody Code)

43
Q

Was the Metropolitan Police Force an immediate success?

A

No, and was seen by some as a tool of the Tories, but was a better method of maintaining public order than had previously been created

44
Q

What was the long-term impact of the Metropolitan Police Force Act?

A

Formed the basis of our modern policing system and was refined over the years to establish an efficient, effective nationwide police force

45
Q

Who founded the Catholic Association in Ireland and when?

A

The lawyer Daniel O’Connell in 1823

46
Q

What were the two main initial aims of the Catholic Association?

A

Catholic Emancipation and the repeal of the Act of Union

47
Q

Who were the initial members of the Catholic Association?

A

Mainly frustrated middle class professionals, but once he managed to introduce a ‘Catholic Rent’ (a payment of a penny a month to a local priest) membership was extended to Irish Peasants

48
Q

What happened to the Catholic Association?

A

It was quickly made illegal

49
Q

What happened after the Catholic Association was made illegal?

A

O’Connell founded a new association called the Order of Liberation, and in the 1826 General Election he persuaded or coerced Irish Voters to vote for liberal, pro-emancipation Protestant candidates to give the debate prominence

50
Q

Why was the 1828 County Clare by-election called?

A

To enable Vesey Fitzgerald, an Irish Protestant landlord, to take up a position in Wellington’s cabinet

51
Q

What happened in the 1828 County Clare by-election?

A

Daniel O’Connell stood against Fitzgerald won by a ratio of 2:1

52
Q

How many Tories voted against Catholic Emancipation?

A

142

53
Q

What did the Catholic Emancipation Act do?

A

Made Catholics eligible for all offices of state except Regent, Lord Chancellor or Lord Lieutenant General

54
Q

What were the ramifications of the County Clare by-election?

A

It was entirely possible that Catholics could stand for every Irish seat in the next general election and be elected, and it was likely that refusing O’Connell his seat in Parliament would cause a violent reaction

55
Q

Were the Whigs supportive of or against Catholic Emancipation?

A

Supportive

56
Q

Who challenged Wellington to a duel after the Catholic Emancipation act was passed?

A

Lord Winchelsea

57
Q

How did Wellington respond to O’Connell’s victory in the County Clare by-election (apart from introducing Catholic Emancipation)?

A

Banned the Catholic Association, increased the franchise from 40 shillings to 10 pounds in Irish counties, made O’Connell stand for election again due to last election having taken place under the old laws, making it illegal. All of this soured Irish opinion for the future.

58
Q

What happened to Peel after Catholic Emancipation was passed?

A

He resigned from his Oxford seat

AQA A Level History Industrialisation and the People: Britain 1783-1885 (1F) (27 decks)

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