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AQA A Level History Industrialisation and the People: Britain 1783-1885 (1F) > Chapter 7 - Lord Liverpool > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Lord Liverpool Flashcards

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1
Q

Why was the Queen’s affair bad for the government?

A

Tarnished Liverpool’s reputation, increased government’s unpopularity and roused popular demonstrations for the Queen which threatened constitutional stability

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2
Q

What was Lord Liverpool’s real name?

A

Robert Jenkinson

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3
Q

When was Huskisson appointed President of the Board of Trade?

A

1823

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4
Q

How and when did Huskisson die?

A

He fell in front of a train at the opening of the Liverpool-Manchester railway in 1830

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5
Q

What were the years George Canning first served as foreign secretary?

A

1807-09

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6
Q

When was Canning appointed Foreign Secretary for the second time?

A

1822

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7
Q

How long was Canning Prime Minister for in 1827?

A

5 months

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8
Q

Why did Canning spend some time in the political wilderness?

A

He was irritated by the overlap of his role with Secretary for War Lord Castlereagh (who he though was incompetent) and their quarrel turned into a duel

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9
Q

When did Liverpool become Prime Minister?

A

May 1812

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10
Q

In what years was Peel first Home Secretary?

A

1822-27

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11
Q

In what years was Peel Home Secretary for his second spell?

A

1828-30

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12
Q

Was Liverpool the Prince Regent’s first choice for PM?

A

No, but several attempts to appoint a Whig failed so he had to settle on Liverpool

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13
Q

Who was Liverpool’s first Lord Chancellor?

A

Lord Eldon, a reactionary Tory

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14
Q

Who was Liverpool’s first Chancellor of the Exchequer?

A

Nicholas Vansittart

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15
Q

Who was Liverpool’s first President of the Board of Trade?

A

JF Robinson

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16
Q

Why couldn’t Liverpool include Canning in his first cabinet?

A

Because Lord Castlereagh, who Canning refused to work with, was Foreign Secretary

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17
Q

How was Liverpool regarded by historians?

A

An uninspiring but morally sound and conscientious character who was a ‘safe pair of hands’

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18
Q

What skill helped Liverpool overcome the strongly differing views in his cabinet?

A

He was a skilled mediator

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19
Q

Why did Liverpool’s government ministers who sat in the House of Commons struggle?

A

They were outmatched in debating skills by a group of radicals and Whigs

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20
Q

What was Liverpool caught between during the first period of his prime ministry?

A

The declining system of patronage and a new, disciplined party machinery

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21
Q

Why was Liverpool fortunate in terms of government during the first period of his prime ministry?

A

The opposition lacked unity and leadership

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22
Q

When did the ‘Queen’s affair’ occur?

A

1820

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23
Q

What was the ‘Queen’s affair?’

A

An attempt by George IV to divorce his wife, Caroline of Brunswick, then exclude her from the throne when he came to power

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24
Q

How many sinecure offices did Lord Liverpool get rid of between 1815 and 1822?

A

~1800

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25
Q

Why was the popularity of the monarchy low in 1820?

A

Queen’s affair, extravagant behaviour and lax moral standards of George IV, who was seen as profligate and deserving of the contempt of his subjects

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26
Q

Who resigned during the Queen’s affair due to how the Queen was treated?

A

George Canning

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27
Q

What event in 1820 helped boost the popularity of Liverpool’s government?

A

Cato Street conspiracy

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28
Q

Who acted as an agent provocateur during the Cato Street conspiracy and how?

A

George Edwards, by suggesting the murders

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29
Q

What did the members of the Cato Street conspiracy plan to do?

A

Kill all the members of the cabinet at a dinner, then parade the heads of Lords Sidmouth and Castlereagh on spikes around the slums of London

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30
Q

When did Lord Castlereagh commit suicide?

A

August 1822

31
Q

How many United Irishmen were there in 1798?

A

117,000

32
Q

When did Liverpool’s ‘new look’ cabinet begin to emerge?

A

1821-1823

33
Q

Who became Foreign Secretary in 1822 after the suicide of Castlereagh?

A

Canning

34
Q

Apart from Canning, who else came into the cabinet from 1821 to 1823?

A

Wellington, Peel and Huskisson

35
Q

What group of Whigs did Liverpool’s government win over?

A

The Grenville Whigs

36
Q

When and why did Liverpool’s government end?

A

1827 after he suffered a stroke

37
Q

When did Liverpool die?

A

1828

38
Q

How did the policies of Liverpool’s government change after the cabinet reshuffle?

A

They shifted from being more reactionary to more reforming

39
Q

When were the Corn Laws first introduced?

A

1815

40
Q

When in the 1810s was income tax repealed?

A

1816

41
Q

When was the Truck Act introduced?

A

1819

42
Q

When were the Relief Acts and Toleration Act introduced?

A

1819

43
Q

When were the Six Acts introduced?

A

1819

44
Q

When was the Factory Act introduced under Liverpool?

A

1819

45
Q

When did the Bank of England return to cash payments under Liverpool?

A

1819

46
Q

When was the penal code reformed and the Combination act repealed under Liverpool?

A

1824

47
Q

When was the Amending Act?

A

1825

48
Q

What did the 1815 Corn Law do?

A

Stipulated that no foreign corn could be imported until the price of British corn reached 80 shillings a quarter

49
Q

What was the passing of the 1815 Corn Law seen as and why?

A

The dominant landed interest in Parliament protecting themselves, because the landowning classes dominated the House of Commons and the House of Lords

50
Q

Why were the Corn Laws introduced and what problems were there in the British corn market from 1813-15?

A

In 1813 there was a bumper harvest which caused falling prices, and in 1814 a poor harvest which caused an import of foreign corn. After the war cheap foreign corn flooded the British market due to the lifting of the blockade, so the landed classes wanted protection from foreign competition

51
Q

What did the 1815 Corn Law push up the price of?

A

Bread

52
Q

What public protest did the Corn Laws cause?

A

Huge public outcry, petitions to parliament and serious rioting

53
Q

Apart from the working classes, who else was unhappy about the corn laws?

A

Powerful commercial and industrial interests, who complained that they’d have to raise wages and curtail further investment and expansion into new markets

54
Q

Why did small farmers struggle in spite of the corn laws?

A

Corn prices were high, but never as high as during the war, and poor harvests continued to interfere with profits

55
Q

What was the price of wheat in March 1815?

A

71 shillings 6 pence

56
Q

What was the price of wheat in March 1816?

A

52 shillings 10 pence

57
Q

Why was income tax abolished in 1816?

A

MPs successfully argued that it was only a wartime measure

58
Q

What resulted from the repeal of the income tax in 1816?

A

The government raising indirect taxes on commodities such as candles, beer, sugar and salt

59
Q

What did the government do in 1816 which upset the rural poor?

A

Tightened the Game Laws

60
Q

When and why was habeas corpus suspended under Liverpool?

A

1817 after an attack on the Prince Regent’s coach

61
Q

What did the Six Acts do?

A

Outlawed unofficial military training, seditious meetings and seditious libel
Introduced stamp duties on newspapers so the working class couldn’t afford them
Sped up judicial process in courts
Gave magistrates special powers to conduct weapons searches in homes

62
Q

What did the Relief Acts and Toleration Act do?

A

Permitted greater religious freedom

63
Q

What did Liverpool’s Poor Employment Act of 1817 do?

A

Made money available for local corporations to develop public works

64
Q

What did the Truck Act do?

A

Attempted to curtail the practice of paying wages in kind

65
Q

What did the 1819 Factory Act do?

A

Stopped kids under 9 working in cotton factories, restricted working hours for youngsters to 12 hours a day, caused resentment among factory owners

66
Q

Who was instrumental in the repeal of the Combination Acts?

A

The skilled artisan class, led by Francis Place

67
Q

What did the 1825 Amending Act do?

A

Obstructed future strikes by making it illegal to ‘molest’ or ‘obstruct’ other workers

68
Q

What were some of Peel’s penal reforms of 1824?

A

Removal of death penalty for many minor offences, Gaol Acts to regulate and standardise jails, separation of prisoners by sex, female wardens for female prisoners

69
Q

What was a result of Peel’s penal reforms of 1824?

A

More efficient system because of more convictions for lesser crimes (due to juries being less reluctant to convict after removal of death penalty)

70
Q

When was Liverpool’s Catholic Emancipation bill defeated in the Lords?

A

1825

71
Q

When did Liverpool inform King George IV that there was a ‘increasing spirit in favour of Roman Catholics’?

A

1821

72
Q

Which rotten borough lost both seats in 1819 and where were they reassigned to?

A

Grampound, reassigned to Yorkshire with a population of 20,000

73
Q

Which cabinet minister supported the repeal of the Combination Acts?

A

Huskisson

AQA A Level History Industrialisation and the People: Britain 1783-1885 (1F) (27 decks)

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