Justice - droits fondamentaux

Question 1

Why did you choose to apply to the Banque de France and what are your motivations for this executive position?

Answer 1

First of all, generally speaking, my desire to apply to the Banque de France is rooted in my personal interests and my conviction that this institution is unique.
My attraction for public service and my commitment to the general interest are reflected in the missions of the Banque de France. My keen interest in economics and finance finds its place in this dynamic context, in constant interaction with current events. I’m also particularly attracted by the possibility of working immediately, from the next quarter.
Secondly, the Banque de France is unique in my eyes. It stands out for its constant innovation, its quest for operational excellence and its ability to anticipate and meet the major challenges of our time. Firmly rooted in France, it also plays a crucial role on the European stage. I am convinced that it is within this institution, recognised for its effective management and commitment to CSR, that I will find a diverse and stimulating working environment, conducive to exchanges with professionals from different backgrounds.

I feel fully prepared and operational for the position of executive, with a demanding educational background and significant experience in public institutions. I’m keen to take on a position of responsibility, where I can make the most of my dynamism, work capacity, curiosity and interpersonal skills. For me, this position represents an opportunity to develop my full potential, to become more technical, to progress and to learn, while giving the best of myself.I’m particularly interested in the functional mobility of the job.

Question 2

What are the unique aspects of the Banque de France that particularly appeal to you?

Answer 2

The Banque de France is unique as an institution :
- As a central bank, it helps to define the eurozone’s monetary strategy and ensures that it is implemented in France on behalf of the Eurosystem.
- Continuum between the major European (global) issues and the concerns of economic agents on the ground. I find this fascinating. E.g.: single climate benchmark for companies.
- Prestigious. It allows you to work with highly qualified and renowned professionals and to access unique opportunities. This is also important for me, as I come from a modest background.

The Banque de France is unique as a model for public action :
- It has a significant and recognised CSR policy (one of the leading public institutions)
- It is open to progress, particularly generative artificial intelligence.
- The Banque de France innovates to improve its operational action: NGFS (2017), MNBC

The Banque de France is unique in the career prospects it offers its senior executives:
- Functional mobility: suits my generalist profile, my ability to adapt quickly and the variety of my interests
- Geographical mobility: linked to its links with the IOs, first and foremost in France.

Question 3

How do you see the Banque de France compared with other European banking institutions? How do you think you can make the most of this difference?

Answer 3

The Banque de France stands out for :
- Its reputation. It is perceived as an expert institution. In France, it contributes to confidence (production of studies and statistics). Internationally, it launches initiatives to meet contemporary challenges (Nexus project, MNBC, NGFS).
- A driving force in the European fintech ecosystem. It supports innovation and start-ups in the financial sector, contributing to the development of the fintech ecosystem in France and Europe.
- Commitment. Financial inclusion and financial education. CSR policy.

I think I can highlight these distinctive differences of the Banque de France in several ways.
- Firstly, based on my training and professional experience, I have developed an in-depth understanding of economic and financial issues, which would enable me to contribute actively to the studies, analyses and projects initiated by the Bank.
- Secondly, having worked in international organisations and being particularly interested in sustainable finance issues, I am enthusiastic about the idea of participating in initiatives launched by the Banque de France in response to contemporary challenges. My experience at the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, for example, has enabled me to develop a strong ability to work with different stakeholders and to manage complex projects, skills that I could put to good use at the Bank.
- What’s more, my curiosity about financial innovation and my interest in fintech are a perfect match for the Banque de France’s active role in the European fintech ecosystem. I am convinced that my proactive approach and willingness to learn could help to further strengthen the Bank’s position as a key player in this field.
- Finally, I fully share the Banque de France’s values in terms of financial inclusion and financial education. Having acquired a solid grounding in political economy and corporate social responsibility during my studies, I am ready to invest myself in these areas to contribute to the Bank’s social and educational mission.

Question 4

In your opinion, what is the Banque de France’s most critical mission in the current economic climate?

Answer 4

In my view, the current economic context is characterised by uncertainty, the conflicts in the Middle East, the new rise in energy prices and the challenges posed by the ecological transition. To a different extent, the strong growth in the United States against a backdrop of very high key interest rates raises questions. The Banque de France’s most critical mission is undoubtedly that of financial stability. It is crucial to avoid another banking crisis, given the serious and widespread repercussions this could have on the economy as a whole.

In collaboration with the European Central Bank, the Banque de France must continue to work on anchoring inflation expectations to stabilise the bond market. In a context where inflation rates are volatile and monetary policies are under strong pressure, it is crucial to maintain market confidence and ensure price stability over the medium term.

The Banque de France must play a role in promoting the diversification and consolidation of the French universal banking model, which has proven its resilience in the past. This also means continuing to advocate full application of the Basel III standards, which aim to strengthen regulation, supervision and risk management in the sector.

Furthermore, with recent events linked to the takeovers of troubled banks, such as JP Morgan’s takeover of First Republic Bank, UBS’s takeover of Crédit Suisse, and HSBC’s takeover of SVB’s UK subsidiary, it is imperative to keep a close eye on the potential creation of systemic banks that could pose risks to global financial stability. The Banque de France must therefore play a monitoring role and intervene if necessary to prevent any systemic risk.

Finally, the issues associated with the ecological transition also represent a major challenge for the Banque de France. It must integrate these issues into its financial stability strategy, by encouraging green investment and contributing to the development of standards and regulations that support the transition to a more sustainable economy.

In conclusion, the Banque de France’s financial stability mission is more crucial than ever in the current context. It requires a global approach, integrating the monitoring of banking risks, the management of inflation expectations and the consideration of environmental issues.

Question 5

The Banque de France is at the heart of Europe. How do you see its role in the post-Brexit context and the European Union’s current economic challenges?

Answer 5

Post-Brexit:
- Strengthening the Paris financial centre: With the loss of direct access to London-based financial services, the Banque de France has a role to play in promoting Paris as a viable and attractive alternative. This means working closely with regulators, businesses and other stakeholders to improve the financial infrastructure, incentives and business climate.
- Business re-orientation: helping businesses navigate the new economic landscape.
- Supporting Financial Innovation: helping the development of the Fintech ecosystem in Europe, by supporting French start-ups.

EU Economic Challenges:
- Balancing inflation and growth: soft landing
- Crisis response: The Bank must remain agile and ready to respond quickly to crises, whether due to oil price volatility, tensions in the Middle East or other external shocks.
- Supporting the Ecological and Digital Transition: leading by example: sustainable assets and helping businesses and sectors to adapt to the new realities.

Question 6

The Banque de France is an institution at the heart of European economic issues. How do you plan to contribute to its influence and mission within Europe?

Answer 6

Reminder of the central role of the Banque de France in European economic issues:
- Member of the European Central Bank (ECB): The Banque de France plays a key role in implementing European monetary policy, contributing to the financial and economic stability of the euro zone.
- Regulation and Supervision: It supervises banking and financial institutions in France, ensuring the smooth operation and stability of the financial system.
- Production of Analyses and Statistics: The Banque de France carries out studies and provides economic data that are essential for assessing the economic situation in France and the eurozone.
- Promoter of Financial Innovation_: The Banque de France supports innovation in the financial sector, particularly through its involvement in the fintech ecosystem and digital currency projects.

Contributing to the influence and mission of the Banque de France in Europe :
- Expertise in Economics : Use my in-depth knowledge gained from my training and professional experience to contribute to analyses and decisions on monetary policy and financial stability.
- Promoting Financial Stability_: Working closely with other European institutions to strengthen the resilience of the financial system and promote best practice in regulation and supervision.
- Supporting Financial Inclusion and Education_: Contributing to the Bank’s programmes and initiatives aimed at improving access to financial services and strengthening financial education.
- Support for Innovation Projects_: Actively participate in the Bank’s financial innovation initiatives, contributing ideas and support for the implementation of new technologies and the improvement of financial services.
- Representation and Communication_: Represent the Banque de France in various European forums and meetings, helping to promote its values and expertise, and thereby strengthening its influence and image at European level.

Question 7

The Banque de France is both a national institution and a major player within the European Union. How do you plan to navigate between these two roles and responsibilities?

Answer 7

The Banque de France plays a crucial role both as a national institution and as a major player in the European Union, and it is essential to navigate skilfully between these two responsibilities if we are to contribute effectively to its success.

As a national institution, the Banque de France’s mission is to ensure financial stability, supervise the banking sector and contribute to the smooth functioning of the French economy. This requires a thorough understanding of the French economic, social and political context, as well as the ability to work closely with other French institutions and market players to anticipate and respond to the country’s specific challenges.

At the same time, as a major player within the European Union, the Banque de France contributes to defining and implementing monetary policy in the eurozone, in close collaboration with the European Central Bank and the other national central banks. This requires a broader perspective, an understanding of European issues and the ability to work within a multilateral framework.

To navigate between these two roles, I am committed to:
1. Continuously Inform and Educate Myself: Staying up to date on economic developments, both at national and European level, and understanding the specificities and synergies between the two levels.
2. Develop a Bifocal Vision: Cultivate the ability to think and act from both a national and a European perspective.
3. Foster Communication and Collaboration: If my duties allow, work closely with colleagues and partners at national and European level, promoting an open exchange of information and effective collaboration.
4. To be Adaptable and Proactive: To be flexible and proactive in meeting requirements.
5. Contribute to European Integration: Actively participate in initiatives aimed at strengthening European integration.

Question 8

How would you define the role of a senior manager at the Banque de France?

Answer 8

A central role in carrying out the tasks of the Banque de France. There are many different types of executive position, but what they all have in common is that they have major responsibilities. There are several key aspects to the role of senior manager:

1. Managers: They also play an important role in supervising, training and developing teams, thus ensuring that the Banque de France has the skills and knowledge it needs to fulfil its mission.
2. Innovation and adaptability: risks related to climate change, technological innovations and regulatory changes.
3. Policy-making: Senior managers contribute to the development and implementation of monetary and financial policies, both nationally and internationally.
4. Representatives : They represent the Banque de France in various forums and working groups, and liaise with other regulatory authorities, the financial sector and the general public.

In summary, the role of an executive within the Banque de France is multifaceted, requiring a combination of technical, analytical and managerial skills. They are at the heart of the effort to carry out the Banque de France’s missions, while adapting to the changes and new challenges of the financial world.

Question 9

What do you see as the main tasks and responsibilities of a senior manager at the Banque de France?

Answer 9

The role of a senior manager at the Banque de France can be seen in several key dimensions:

1. Technical and analytical expertise:
   - Mastery of Specific Subjects: Executives must have in-depth expertise in their respective fields, be it banking supervision, internal audit, financial market supervision, or other specialised areas.
   - Analysis and Evaluation: They are responsible for analysing risks, evaluating internal control systems and examining the financial situations of the institutions supervised or projects in progress.
2. Management and leadership skills:
   - Team Management: They manage teams, organise work and train and develop their staff.
   - Decision-making: They play a crucial role in making important decisions, based on their analyses and assessments.
3. Communication and interpersonal relations:
   - Effective Communication: They must be able to communicate clearly and effectively, both in writing and orally, with a variety of stakeholders.
   - Relations with senior management: They interact regularly with the senior management of the supervised institutions, as well as with the governing bodies of the Banque de France and other authorities.
4. Sense of Responsibility and Integrity:
   - Ethical Responsibility: They must demonstrate irreproachable integrity and a strong sense of responsibility, ensuring financial stability and consumer protection.
   - Commitment to the Bank’s Objectives: They are committed to the missions and objectives of the Banque de France, and contribute to its role in maintaining financial stability and regulating the banking and financial system.
5. Adaptability and Continuous Learning:
   - Regulatory and Technological Watch: They must remain constantly informed of regulatory and technological developments and best practices in their field.
   - Adaptability: They must be able to adapt quickly to changes and new situations, and to carry out assignments in a variety of contexts, including internationally.
6. Contribution to Strategy and Policy:
   - Influence on Policy and Regulation: They actively participate in the development of standards and policies, both nationally and internationally.
   - Strategic Analysis: They contribute to strategic analysis and decision-making within the Bank, providing insights and informed recommendations.
7. Social Responsibility and Commitment:
   - Promoting Sustainable Finance: Some positions, such as the Sustainable Finance Specialist, play a key role in promoting sustainable finance practices and contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals.
   - Commitment to Society: They help to strengthen public confidence in the financial system and protect the interests of consumers and citizens.

In summary, the role of an executive within the Banque de France is multifaceted, requiring a balance of technical expertise, management and leadership skills, communication abilities, integrity, adaptability and commitment to the social and economic objectives of the Bank and society as a whole.

Question 10

How do you think your role as an executive can positively influence the activities of the Banque de France?

Answer 10

I’m convinced that my academic and professional background puts me in an ideal position to have a positive influence on the Bank’s activities and to play an active part in its development in a constantly changing economic and financial environment.
1. Leadership and decision-making: My career path has equipped me with solid knowledge and a rigorous working method, which will enable me to exercise leadership and make informed decisions.
2. Adaptability to change, flexibility, ability to learn quickly: My professional experience has prepared me to evolve in constantly changing environments. I therefore believe that I can embrace and promote a culture of innovation and flexibility within the Bank.
3. Communication and external relations: My command of several languages (French, English, Spanish, German) and my experience at the Permanent Representation of France to the UN in Geneva, where I worked on all cross-cutting issues and helped organise major conferences, will enable me to maintain and strengthen the Banque de France’s relations with its external stakeholders.

4. In the long term, as a teacher by nature, I can see myself being fully involved in skills development and talent management within the teams.
5. Lastly, I am fully committed to BdF’s social and environmental responsibility: My particular interest in sustainable finance, as well as my daily commitment to global issues such as climate change, make me ideally placed to contribute to the Banque de France’s social and environmental responsibility initiatives.

Question 11

As an executive at the Banque de France, how would you contribute to innovation within the bank?

Answer 11

As an executive manager at the Bank of France, my contribution to innovation would be crucial in strengthening existing initiatives and fostering the creation of new innovative solutions. Here are several areas on which I would commit:

Strengthen and Support Existing Initiatives:
    Active Involvement in "The Lab": I would directly involve myself in the activities of the Open Innovation center "The Lab", participating in meetings, sharing my expertise, and contributing to the development of innovation strategies.
    Support for Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) Projects: I would work closely with teams responsible for CBDC projects to optimize cross-border payment processes and interbank operations.

Promote Collaboration and Exchange:
    Strengthen Ties with the Innovative Ecosystem: I would ensure that we maintain strong and productive relationships with startups, research centers, and other key players in the innovative ecosystem.
    Facilitate Interdepartmental Communication: I would work to break down silos between different departments and encourage a culture of sharing and collaboration.

Encourage an Internal Culture of Innovation:
    Training and Skill Development: I would ensure that our employees have access to continuous training to stay at the forefront of the latest technologies and innovation methods.
    Recognition of Innovative Contributions: I would establish reward systems to recognize and celebrate employees' innovative contributions.

Ensure Adherence to Principles of Responsibility and Ethics:
    Promotion of Trustworthy AI: I would ensure that we adopt a responsible approach to artificial intelligence, preventing discrimination and adhering to ethical principles.
    Commitment to CSR: I would work to integrate principles of social and environmental responsibility into all our innovation initiatives.

Play an Active Role Internationally:
    Participation in International Initiatives: I would represent the Bank of France in forums and international initiatives related to innovation, sharing our experience and learning from other central banks.
    Development of Strategic Partnerships: I would seek to establish bilateral partnerships with other international financial institutions to collaborate on innovation projects.

Support Experimentation and R&D:
    Encouragement of Experimentation: I would create an environment where experimentation is encouraged and failure is seen as an opportunity for learning.
    Investment in Research and Development: I would ensure that sufficient resources are allocated to R&D to develop new innovative solutions.

In summary, my contribution as an executive manager would focus on strengthening existing initiatives, promoting collaboration and exchange, encouraging an internal culture of innovation, adhering to principles of responsibility and ethics, actively participating internationally, and supporting experimentation and R&D. These actions would help position the Bank of France as a leader in innovation in the financial sector.

Question 12

• What is your vision of innovation within an institution like the Banque de France?

Answer 12

Overall, innovation at the Banque de France is a strategic priority, integrated into all aspects of its operations. It aims to continuously improve its services, anticipate future challenges, and play an active role in transforming the financial sector. The emphasis on responsibility, collaboration, and commitment to emerging technologies positions the Banque de France as a key player in financial innovation, contributing to the stability and efficiency of the financial system while considering the social and environmental impact of its activities.

Anticipation and Adaptation:
* Proactivity: The Banque de France is proactive in anticipating changes and future challenges, and adapts its strategies accordingly. It does not just react to changes but seeks to anticipate and shape them.
* Digital Transformation: Commitment to digital transformation is essential to remain competitive and effective. This involves continuous modernization of information systems and the adoption of emerging technologies.

Innovation Center and Collaboration:
* The Lab: The creation of "The Lab" as an open innovation center illustrates the Bank's commitment to innovation. It is a space where ideas can be tested and developed in collaboration with various stakeholders.
* Collaboration: The Banque de France emphasizes collaboration, both internally among different departments, and externally with startups, research centers, and other central banks. This collaborative approach is crucial for stimulating innovation and sharing knowledge.

Focus on Emerging Technologies:
* Blockchain and AI: Early adoption of blockchain and a focus on artificial intelligence demonstrate a desire to remain at the forefront of technology. This also includes experiments with central bank digital currency (CBDC) and the use of AI to improve various processes.
* Cybersecurity and Data: Cybersecurity and data management are priorities, in line with the increasing use of AI and other technologies. Ensuring the secure and ethical use of these technologies is crucial.

Responsibility and Social Impact:
* Responsible Innovation: The Banque de France commits to responsible innovation, considering the social and environmental impact of its technological activities. This includes initiatives to promote gender equality and combat discrimination in the field of AI.
* Financial Education: Innovation is also used to improve financial education, underscoring the role of the Banque de France in raising public awareness and education.

International Vision:
* International Collaboration: Innovation does not occur in isolation, and the Banque de France engages in international partnerships to share knowledge and work together on common challenges. This includes initiatives within the Eurosystem and with other central banks around the world.

Conclusion:
Innovation within an institution like the Banque de France is crucial to remain relevant in the rapidly evolving financial landscape.

Question 13

Do you plan to bring innovations or changes to the Banque de France? If yes, can you give us a concrete example?

Answer 13

Innovation at the Banque de France reminds me of large-scale initiatives like the NGFS. At my level, it would be presumptuous to claim that I could implement an innovation of such magnitude immediately upon taking office.
However, on my own scale, I tend to innovate in my work. I always strive to increase efficiency and be optimal when possible. I also continuously seek to improve the quality of my work. I always aim for perfection and pay close attention to my colleagues’ remarks and the advice given to me for improvement.
For example, when I was at UNHCR, I innovated by simplifying the Excel form my team used to record ongoing fundraising campaigns. I did this simply by using cell filtering.
Furthermore, I like to integrate innovative tools into my work. I know that the Banque de France is currently experimenting with generative AI to improve its efficiency. If this innovation succeeds, I would be very excited to see how it could help me in my duties.
So, in this sense, I can bring innovation to the Banque de France, particularly within my team, by seeking, at my level, to make my work as effective as possible, potentially through innovation.

Question 14

The Bank of France values innovation. Can you share an example of an innovation that you initiated or supported in a previous role?

Answer 14

• Macros to optimize UNHCR fundraising. Based on donor data collected via Google Analytics. Trying to better understand the “donor journey”.

Question 15

Can you give an example of a situation where you had to innovate to solve a problem? How would this apply to the Bank of France?

Answer 15

• Simplification of the Excel spreadsheet that listed all ongoing fundraising campaigns. The problem was that the spreadsheet had become too dense, difficult to understand, and hard to navigate.
• Perhaps my functions at the Bank of France might lead me to simplify Excel spreadsheets.
• But to get to the heart of the matter, I apply this approach generally. I always strive to be as optimal as possible and create an easier and more efficient work environment for my team. I am always proactive in proposing innovative ways to improve the quality of my team’s work.

Question 16

What reform or initiative of the Bank of France have you found particularly impressive in recent years?

Answer 16

• Leading the experimentation on CBDCs. Impressed by the work of the DIIF on cross-border payments, and by the “Jura” and “Marianna” initiatives at the BIS to experiment with the interoperability of wholesale CBDCs and cross-border payments.
• In my opinion, the interoperability of CBDCs at the international level is one of the most promising international cooperation projects today:
• (1) The chances of success are high given that all parties are interested in making their CBDCs interoperable.
• (2) The timing is right, as according to the BIS, 93% of central banks are experimenting with issuing their currency in token form.
• (3) The approach adopted is technical.
• The Bank of France is the initiator of this major project, which could improve cross-border payments through the use of multiple CBDCs on interoperable systems. This is a significant contribution to global financial stability, which is a public good. I find this particularly impressive.

Question 17

The Bank of France has a long history and significant influence. How would you integrate this tradition while bringing innovations for the future?

Answer 17

• The Bank of France, with over two centuries of history, represents a classic example of an institution that has managed to combine tradition and innovation to remain relevant in an ever-changing world. I believe that innovation has been part of the Bank of France’s approach for a long time, which is probably why it has had so much influence over time.
• I think that naturally, integrating into the Bank of France means embracing its history while being ready to participate in its innovative framework.
• As for integrating tradition, I believe it is necessary, as much as possible, to contribute to economic and financial education. The history of money and the role of the Bank of France in the economy help citizens understand how the Bank’s historical functions and contributions shape the present.

Question 18

What are the main strengths you will bring to a management team?

Answer 18

• My main strength is my autonomy. I am already operational, and my experience in the Embassy reassures me that I am ready to work in the professional environment of the Bank of France. I am able to quickly take on technical subjects. Thanks to my generalist profile, I know how to juggle multiple topics and am naturally interested in many subjects.
• However, my autonomy does not mean that I am introverted. One of my great strengths is also often asking my teammates how I can improve, with the goal of strengthening my autonomy. I am humble and aware of my areas for improvement. For example, I ask for reading, courses to follow, advice on my working method.
• In the long term, if I envision myself in a management position, I could bring strengths such as my pedagogy, patience, and listening skills. I believe that creating a work environment that seeks excellence, while remaining healthy and open to criticism, helps to avoid any type of dysfunction.

Question 19

What specific challenges do you anticipate facing as a member of the executive team in this institution?

Answer 19

• On the first day: brimming with enthusiasm, managing to sleep the night before, not being too stressed.
  -In the short term: taking on subjects as quickly as possible; rapidly gaining technical expertise. These are also challenges that I set for myself.
• In the medium term, I think that all professions will have to face the global risks that are currently emerging: geopolitical instabilities; ecological transition; cyber/information/AI risks.
• “Because integrating the major challenges of tomorrow is a condition for performance, the Bank of France is working on the resilience of our economy, combining exemplary management of its resources, innovation, and moderation to achieve its objectives.”
• In the long term: likely being associated with the transformation of the institution, possibly being involved in adapting its missions in a world that will probably be different; as a manager, learning to make difficult decisions.

Question 20

As an executive, how would you approach the challenges associated with implementing new policies or initiatives at the Bank of France?

Answer 20

• From a functional point of view, it is clear that I would always be loyal to and serve the Bank of France. Therefore, I will always support any new policy or initiative it launches. Moreover, I have no doubt that the Bank of France will always serve the public interest and remain true to its values.
• Indeed, the Bank of France will face challenges. Because integrating the major challenges of tomorrow is a condition for performance, the Bank of France is working on the resilience of our economy, combining exemplary management of its resources, innovation, and moderation to achieve its objectives.
• Personally, I am always ready to adapt to change. If I am before you today, it is also because I believe that the public service will be decisive in the success of our economy in the face of the major contemporary challenges. Therefore, I am very motivated to embrace the role of executives in being confronted with the implementation of radically new initiatives or public policies.

Question 21

How do you think your role as an executive at the Bank of France will evolve over time?

Answer 21

• I believe that as an executive, I will see my missions transform and adapt to the looming socio-economic changes, particularly climate change, ecological transition, and digital transition (and its implications for the world of work).
• In turn, I think that my role as an executive will be to be a key player in helping to imagine solutions for the public interest, for the public service, that these changes will demand. I believe that the workforce dedicated to working on transition issues is set to increase.
• From a strict career perspective, I see my role evolving from a technical position to a management position. In this evolution, I would also be delighted to have the opportunity for international experience, in an Embassy or an international organization.

Question 22

As an executive, you will be required to make important decisions. How do you ensure that your decisions are well-founded and fair?

Answer 22

As an executive, I will adopt a systematic and strategic approach, ensuring that decisions made are not only based on concrete data and rigorous analysis but are also aligned with ethical principles and the long-term objectives of the organization.

• Information Gathering: Collect as much relevant and current information as possible, including raw data, analytical reports, and feedback from experiences. This also involves keeping up-to-date with the latest trends and regulations in the concerned sector.
• Analysis and Evaluation: Assess these pieces of information using proven analytical methods, considering predictive models and possible scenarios. This often involves working with teams of data scientists or analysts to correctly interpret the data.
• Consultation: Consult stakeholders, including domain experts, team members, and sometimes even clients or the public. This provides an external perspective and can highlight previously unconsidered aspects.
• Ethics and Compliance: Take into account the ethical implications and ensure that decisions comply with laws, regulations, and the values of the organization. Also include considerations of social and environmental responsibility.
• Collaborative Decision Making: Involve key team members in the decision-making process to ensure transparency and engagement. This helps create a sense of collective ownership of the decisions made.
• Risks and Benefits: Assess the potential risks and benefits of each decision option. This involves examining short and long-term consequences, as well as preparing contingency plans.
• Informed Decision Making: Make decisions based on evidence and analysis rather than intuition or external pressures.
• Transparent Communication: Communicate decisions and their underlying reasons to all concerned parties clearly and transparently to ensure understanding and minimize conflicts or misunderstandings.
• Monitoring and Evaluation: After implementation, monitor the outcomes and conduct a post-decision evaluation to learn from each outcome and continuously improve decision-making processes.
• Adaptability and Learning: Be prepared to revise or adjust decisions based on changing situations and new information, which is a key element of agile and thoughtful decision-making.

Question 23

Can you provide an example of a situation where you had to take on significant responsibility, similar to that of an executive?

Answer 23

• If being an executive equals working as a team on technical subjects, serving the public interest:
• France ONUG: I worked in partnership with the Press and Communication Advisor, preparing speeches and press conferences for the Ambassador on all matters concerning international Geneva. I found deep meaning in what I was doing, enjoying contributing to the public service mission carried out by the Permanent Representation, and representing the voice of France in international bodies.
• The most significant responsibility entrusted to me was being in charge of defining and implementing a communication campaign for a major international conference on the role of Space in sustainable development. I was liaising with international organizations like the WMO and the ITU.
• At UNHCR: I was involved in administrative procedures to organize a charity raffle to support Ukrainian refugees.

Question 24

Vous avez mentionné un intérêt pour le secteur de l’économie publique. Pouvez-vous expliquer ce qui vous a amené à développer cet intérêt ?

Answer 24

My interest in the public economy sector developed around two aspects, which are the satisfaction I get from (1) understanding economics and (2) having a broad perspective on current affairs.

First, it stems from a common thread since my early years of study, which is a taste for economics as a subject. I enjoyed developing an expert view of economic topics, based on numbers – I like numbers - and indicators.

Then, from the fact that I like to have a broad view of the subjects I deal with. Studying public affairs allows approaching economic problems with a global perspective, mixing history, international relations, sociology, and law. This enables a solid understanding of current events, making the connection between everyday life and economic challenges.

For these two reasons, the public economy sector fascinates me, and it’s because I see it as a realization of myself that I present myself before you today.

Question 25

What motivates you to work in the public economy sector?

Answer 25

Contribution to public interest missions:
- Utilizing my skills and interest in the sector for the benefit of the community.
- Engaging in missions of assistance, information, and service to citizens.
- Active participation in major challenges and global issues addressed by the institution.

Continuation of my professional development in a field that sparks my interest:
- Continuous acquisition of knowledge and skills in the fields of economics and finance.
- Keeping up-to-date with news and developments in the sector.
- Regular interaction with experts and professionals in the field, thereby constantly stimulating my intellectual curiosity.
- Deepening my understanding of economic and financial mechanisms, thus participating in a virtuous cycle between my personal development and my missions.”

Question 26

What excites you about the public economy sector, and how do you envision contributing to the Bank of France?

Answer 26

My interest in the public economy sector has developed around two aspects: the satisfaction I get from (1) understanding economics and (2) having a broad perspective on current affairs.

Initially, my interest grew from a common thread since my early years of study, which is a passion for economics as a subject. I have enjoyed developing an expert view of economic topics, based on numbers – I like numbers - and indicators.

Then, from the fact that I enjoy having a broad view of the topics I handle. Studying public affairs allows for approaching economic problems with a global perspective, integrating history, international relations, sociology, and law. This enables a solid understanding of current events, linking everyday life to economic challenges.

From my passion for economics and my desire to develop a broad perspective on current issues, I wish to contribute to the Bank of France, on the one hand, in its public interest missions:

• Utilizing my skills and interest in the sector for the benefit of the community.
• Engaging in missions of assistance, information, and service to citizens.
• Active participation in major challenges and global issues addressed by the institution.

And on the other hand, I think I can bring added value to the Bank of France with my international profile:
- Ability to quickly grasp a variety of technical subjects.
- Working in a diverse team, diplomatic approach in my interactions with international stakeholders.
- Understanding of transnational issues, knowledge of the workings of international organizations.

Question 27

Is there a particular experience in your career that symbolizes your commitment to public interest missions in the public economy sector?

Answer 27

During my time at the UN in Geneva, I had the opportunity to experience global economic issues, through topics addressed at the WTO and ILO.

I contributed to Muriel Pénicaud’s campaign for the leadership of the ILO, a role that allowed me to strengthen my understanding of the challenges in the international social sphere. Additionally, my responsibility extended to projects focused on economic development and trade, particularly through studying UNCTAD. These experiences are a concrete illustration of my commitment to public interest missions in the field of public economy.

As a side note, there are about ten international organizations in Geneva that deal with economic subjects, including the World Economic Forum. Thus, public economy was a recurring theme.

In summary, these experiences showed me the importance of public service in the field of economics for global prosperity. This is obviously a lesson that motivated me to join the Bank of France.

Question 28

Can you explain why the Bank of France is the ideal place for you, given your interest in the public sector and the economy?

Answer 28

My interest in the public sector and economy is particularly focused on themes of (1) regulation and (2) development, which are areas of action for the Bank of France. The opportunity to be associated with these actions makes it an ideal place for my profile.

Regulation:
1.1. Prudential Supervision, which is more precisely exercised by the ACPR - It ensures the prudential supervision of credit institutions and insurance companies. It monitors compliance with regulatory requirements and assesses the risks to which these entities are exposed. - It ensures financial stability and customer protection.

1.2. Regulation and Market Surveillance: - It monitors financial markets and contributes to the regulation of market infrastructures. It ensures the safety and efficiency of payment systems and market infrastructures. - It contributes to the prevention and management of financial crises.

1.3. Contributions to Regulatory Reforms: - The Bank of France actively participates in regulatory reform work at the national, European, and international levels. It contributes to the development of standards and regulations aimed at strengthening financial stability and improving market functioning. For example, standards on sustainable finance. - It collaborates with other regulatory authorities and participates in coordination bodies.

1.4. Information and Analysis: - It collects information and produces analyses on the financial sector. It provides public authorities and the general public with data and studies that illuminate the challenges of regulation and financial stability. - It plays a warning role in the event of detecting risks that could affect financial stability.

Development:
2.1. Support for Financing the Economy: - It facilitates access to financing for businesses, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises, by ensuring the smooth flow of credit. - It ensures the proper functioning of payment systems and market infrastructures, thus guaranteeing the safety and efficiency of financial transactions.

2.2. Commitment to Sustainable Finance:
2.3. Engagement in Technological Development:

Thus, the Bank of France is the ideal place for me as it offers a unique framework for learning and active participation in these economic issues.
- My academic background has provided me with knowledge that constitutes a solid foundation to contribute effectively to the missions of the Bank of France.
- My professional experience has given me essential skills to work at the Bank of France, whether in jobs focused on supervision, analysis, or advice.
- Furthermore, my strong interest in global issues, particularly in the fields of climate and digital technology, aligns with the Bank’s initiatives in sustainable finance and technological innovation. I would be particularly enthusiastic about contributing to the Bank’s efforts to promote more responsible finance and integrate environmental considerations into financial decisions.

In summary, the Bank of France is an ideal place for me given my desire to actively participate in its public interest missions, especially on the themes of regulation and innovation, which are significant areas of interest.

Question 29

Quelle est votre vision personnelle de la “mission unique de service public” offerte par la Banque de France ?

Answer 29

My personal vision of the “unique public service mission” offered by the Bank of France recognizes its distinct role both within France and on the international stage.

The mandate of the Bank of France renders its public service mission unique in France.
- As a central bank, it contributes to the definition of the monetary strategy of the Eurozone and ensures its implementation in France on behalf of the Eurosystem.
- It creates a continuum between major European (and global) issues and the concerns of economic agents on the ground. I find this fascinating. For example, a unique climate standard for businesses.

The innovative nature of the Bank of France makes its public service mission unique internationally:
- It is open to progress, notably in generative artificial intelligence.
- The Bank of France innovates to improve its operational action: NGFS (Network for Greening the Financial System) since 2017, digital central bank currencies (CBDCs).
- The Bank of France advocates for multilateralism.

In this vision, the Bank of France not only upholds its traditional role as a central bank but also takes on a pioneering role in addressing contemporary global challenges. This includes embracing technological advancements and promoting international cooperation and sustainability, thereby elevating its public service mandate to a new level of relevance and impact.

Question 30

Which public service missions of the Bank of France particularly appeal to you, and why?

Answer 30

The mission of financial stability, to which the ACPR (French Prudential Supervision and Resolution Authority) is attached, particularly attracts me.

• I was marked by the 2008 crisis. One of the first memories I have of news on television is the special edition on TF1 about the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers. It was the first economic subject I ever took an interest in. I remember my basic understanding of it: it was simple, it was President Bush’s fault, who had decided to let the bank go bankrupt “just to see what would happen.”
• Today, I am admiring of the progress that has been made, and relieved by the robustness of the prudential framework in France and the EU.
• Furthermore, I think that financial stability is a public good. When it is disrupted, it is often the most disadvantaged who suffer, particularly small businesses and entrepreneurs in general, for whom I have empathy.
• Therefore, I want to contribute to this public service mission, at my level.
• In addition, I think that financial stability is the public service mission of the Bank of France in which I could thrive the best. From my point of view, it is best understood in a global approach, and this is precisely the type of expertise that I have been able to develop through my career.

Question 31

How do you plan to contribute to the public interest missions of the Bank of France?

Answer 31

On one hand, regardless of the position to which I would be assigned:
- By giving the best of myself.
- By being naturally dedicated to serving others.
- By fully adhering to the values of the Bank of France.

On the other hand, I would be interested in contributing to the Bank of France’s mission of financial stability.
- Today, I admire the progress that has been made and am relieved by the robustness of the prudential framework in France and the EU.
- I then believe that financial stability is a public good. When it is disrupted, it is often the most disadvantaged who suffer, particularly small businesses and entrepreneurs in general, for whom I have empathy.
- Therefore, I want to contribute to this public service mission, at my level.
- In addition, I think that financial stability is the public service mission of the Bank of France in which I could thrive the best. From my point of view, it is best understood in a global approach, and this is precisely the type of expertise that I have been able to develop through my career.

Question 32

Can you provide concrete examples of how you have demonstrated a commitment to public interest missions in your past experiences?

Answer 32

My commitment to public interest missions is illustrated by my willingness to contribute to the promotion of global public goods:

UNHCR: International solidarity; fundraising for humanitarian emergencies around the globe.
France to the United Nations: Representing the voice of France in international bodies. Contributing to the promotion of the ideal of peace and cooperation represented by the United Nations, to which France fully subscribes.

Question 33

What motivates you the most to work in the public sector, and how do you plan to transfer this motivation to your team if you are selected?

Answer 33

I have always wanted to work in the public sector.
- I have always wanted to help others.
- Growing up, I realized how much I love my country, how unique it is. It represents for me the best place to live in the world. Therefore, it is the ideal employer for me.

To transfer this motivation to my team:
- Engage in dialogue and possibly realize that the same motivation drives them.
- Convince them of the profound meaning of the public sector.
- Remind civil servants of the privilege of not having to question the meaning of their work, of their life.

Question 34

What are the different missions of the Bank of France?

Answer 34

The Bank of France is not just one but encompasses hundreds of different professions. There are multiple general directorates, which perform a variety of jobs. They illustrate the three missions of the Bank of France, which are monetary strategy, financial stability, and service to the economy.

First, there’s the monetary strategy, which involves the implementation of the monetary policy decided by the Governing Council, comprising all the governors of the Eurosystem. It is applied in a decentralized manner in each national central bank, and therefore partly at the Bank of France.

Next, it has the mission of financial stability, which is largely managed at the level of the ACPR (French Prudential Supervision and Resolution Authority) and partly within the Bank of France.

Finally, there is the mission of service to the economy. This consists of providing local services on the ground, through the network of the Bank of France, which is present throughout the national territory. This mission involves providing assistance and ratings to businesses, managing household over-indebtedness cases, and more.

Question 35

Quelle est votre compréhension du rôle de la Banque de France au cœur de l’Europe et au service des Français ?

Answer 35

The Bank of France is an independent and trusted institution that plays a crucial role in the economic stability of France and Europe. Here’s an overview of its role and services:

Role and Missions
The Bank of France is an institution of the Republic, independent from the State, contributing to financial stability and the financing of the economy. It’s a member of the Eurosystem and works closely with the European Central Bank (ECB) and other national central banks in the eurozone. Its main missions include defining and implementing monetary strategy, maintaining financial stability, and serving the economy and society.

Contribution to Economic Stability
- Monetary Strategy: The Bank of France plays a central role in preparing and implementing monetary policy, aiming to finance the economy and maintain price stability. It also ensures confidence in the euro and is responsible for the manufacturing, circulation, and surveillance of fiat currency.
- Financial Stability: The Bank monitors the balance of the financial system, oversees banking and insurance activities, and protects the interests of their clients. It also monitors the financial situation of economic agents to manage risks and anticipate future challenges.
- Service to the Economy and Society: The Bank of France supports businesses, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and assists individuals in situations of over-indebtedness. It also facilitates public access to banking services and plays a major role in economic, budgetary, and financial education.

Values and Commitment
The Bank of France relies on fundamental values such as independence, expertise, openness, sustainable performance, and solidarity to carry out its missions. It works in close cooperation with eurozone institutions, national economic actors, and mobilizes researchers and economists to better understand and anticipate tomorrow’s economic challenges.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the Bank of France’s greatest contribution to the economic stability of France and Europe lies in its central role in defining and implementing monetary policy, its commitment to maintaining financial stability, and its dedicated service to the economy and society. Its values of independence, expertise, and solidarity enhance its capacity to meet economic challenges and contribute to the region’s economic stability.

Question 36

According to you, what is the greatest contribution of the Bank of France to the economic stability of France and Europe?

Answer 36

Currently, and since the summer of 2022, its commitment to combating inflation in the eurozone stands as its greatest contribution to the economic stability of France and Europe.
Indeed, the monetary policy of the Eurosystem is effective. After a peak in inflation at nearly 10%, it has significantly weakened to around 5% at present. Concretely, it is now observed that there are more companies lowering their prices than those not planning to do so.
The Bank of France, through its governor, has contributed to anchoring inflation expectations around 2% by 2025. On numerous occasions, the Governor has emphasized the need to keep rates high for long enough to be effective, while reminding that the Governing Council will take appropriate decisions based on economic data.
In this fight against inflation, the Bank of France has also demonstrated educational effort, explaining to the general public the importance of the inflation target.

Outside of the current economic situation, I believe the importance of the Bank of France in the economic stability of France and Europe is particularly evident in the establishment of the prudential framework resulting from Basel III. In this context, I think the voice of the Governor has been decisive in the framework of the BIS, which he chairs. The Bank of France has been able to convey its vision of financial stability and has accelerated the full application of Basel III, which will be effective in the United States by 2025. This is an event that has not made much noise, but which, it seems to me, is a major contribution to economic stability in France, Europe, and the world.

Question 37

La Banque de France joue un rôle crucial dans la stabilité financière du pays. Comment voyez-vous votre rôle en tant que cadre de direction contribuer à cet objectif ?

Answer 37

The Bank of France, along with the ACPR (French Prudential Supervision and Resolution Authority), has synergies that provide a comprehensive view of the financial system.

As an executive manager, I dream of working for the ACPR. I am very interested in its active role in defining international standards and in developing European regulation. Specifically, I would like to be involved in monitoring banking regulation and assessing the vulnerability of banks. For example, I would be interested in evaluating the impact of very high interest rates on the profitability of banks and the solvability of insurance companies, both at the individual and sectoral level, and in deriving appropriate prudential guidelines for the entire sector.

If I am assigned to a directorate participating in the Financial Stability Pole, I will contribute to its goal of increasing the capacity for anticipation to maximize the effectiveness and influence of the Bank of France and the ACPR in terms of financial stability and regulation.

I believe such a position is important, as it helps to contribute to ensuring trust in the banking sector and to protecting its clientele, which, in my opinion, facilitates the conditions for growth.

Question 38

Quelles sont, selon vous, les plus grands défis auxquels la Banque de France est confrontée actuellement, et comment comptez-vous y faire face ?

Answer 38

The major challenges facing the Bank of France currently can be categorized into several areas: managing the impacts of climate change, supporting the ecological transition, anticipating digital developments and their repercussions on the economy and employment, securing against cyber risks, and integrating artificial intelligence into our financial system. These elements, combined with current geopolitical instabilities, create a complex environment that requires the Bank of France to continuously adapt.

We are entering a world of major transitions in labor markets, energy markets, and geopolitics, all of which can lead to larger and more frequent relative price shocks. In this world, it will be critical for central banks to keep inflation expectations firmly anchored while these relative price changes play out.

To effectively address these challenges, my action will be structured around three main axes: innovation, adaptability, and management strategy.

First, I would support innovative projects and incorporate them into my work. I believe that innovation will be decisive in defining our institutional response to challenges, allowing us not only to manage our resources exemplarily but also to develop financial tools adapted to new economic challenges. Innovation will focus particularly on green finance and new digital economic models.

In the medium term, I expect to witness some transformations of our institution and the adaptation of its missions in the face of these global changes. This evolution will involve an increased ability to make strategic decisions in a framework of sober and responsible management, always oriented towards the general interest and economic performance.

In the long term, in a management position, I may need to enhance the adaptability of our teams and practices. This will include active monitoring of emerging trends and risks, as well as continuous training of our workforce to stay aligned with global best practices.

Question 39

Selon vous, quels sont les plus grands défis auxquels la Banque de France sera confrontée dans les années à venir ?

Answer 39

In the coming years, the Bank of France will be confronted with significant challenges, which are summarized in the strategic plan “Building Together 2024.” This plan was established to address the challenges faced by the Bank of France in a constantly evolving environment.

Challenges
The Bank of France identifies six major types of challenges:
- Inflation
- Financial Stability
- Climate Challenges
- Technological Challenges
- Social and Territorial Challenges
- HR Attractiveness (Human Resources)

Responses
To meet these challenges, the Bank of France proposes four main responses, embodied by action verbs:
- Anchor: This involves anchoring price stability, climate transition, financial stability, and resilience.
- Anticipate: The Bank prepares to anticipate innovations and rapid changes in its environment, particularly with the digital euro and banknote production.
- Accompany: It reinforces its role in financial inclusion and assists entrepreneurs in facing crises.
- Attract: The Bank of France seeks to remain attractive and retain its collaborators.

Actions and Measures
The “Building Together 2024” plan is broken down into 31 concrete actions, and its progress is monitored through 10 benchmarks of concrete and measurable results.

Question 40

Comment voyez-vous l’évolution de la Banque de France dans les années à venir, et quel rôle les cadres de direction joueront-ils dans cette évolution ?

Answer 40

The evolution of the Bank of France in the coming years will largely depend on how it manages to meet the challenges outlined in its strategic plan “Building Together 2024,” while adapting to an ever-changing economic, social, and technological environment.

Role of executive management in this evolution:

Leadership and Vision:
- They must lead by example and guide the institution towards achieving its strategic vision, ensuring clear communication and mobilizing necessary resources.
- They will play a crucial role in setting priorities and aligning various organizational units with strategic objectives.

Change Management:
- They will be responsible for managing change, ensuring teams are ready to adapt to new technologies, work methods, and regulatory requirements.
- They should foster a culture of innovation and continuous learning within the Bank.

Talent Development:
- Attracting, developing, and retaining talent will be key missions. They must implement training and development programs to ensure employees have the skills needed for future challenges.
- They will play a critical role in creating an inclusive and motivating work environment.

Risk Management:
- They must ensure effective risk management, particularly regarding financial stability, climate risks, and cybersecurity.
- They must ensure that the Bank of France remains a trusted and stable player in the financial system.

Support for Innovation and Digital Transformation:
- They should encourage and support innovation, particularly in the area of digital euro and enhanced supervision.
- They must ensure that the Bank of France stays at the forefront of technology and responds effectively to market developments.

Stakeholder Engagement:
- They must maintain strong relationships with various stakeholders, including public actors, businesses, and citizens, to ensure that the Bank’s public service missions are fulfilled.
- They will play a key role in promoting financial inclusion and supporting businesses and individuals.

In conclusion, the executive management of the Bank of France will play a central role in adapting the institution to future challenges, by providing strong leadership, effectively managing change, developing talent, managing risks, supporting innovation, and engaging with various stakeholders. Their ability to perform these tasks will be crucial for the success of the “Building Together 2024” plan and for ensuring the long-term sustainability and success of the Bank of France.

Question 41

Avec la digitalisation croissante de la finance, comment voyez-vous la Banque de France s’adapter à cette nouvelle réalité dans les années à venir ?

Answer 41

The Bank of France, like many other financial institutions, is already undergoing a digital transformation, and this trend is expected to continue and accelerate in the coming years. Here are some areas in which the Bank of France could continue to adapt to the increasing digitization of finance:

Digital Services and Online Platforms:
- Improving Online Services: Continue to improve and expand its range of online services for individuals and businesses.
- Developing Mobile Applications: Offer mobile apps to facilitate access to services and information.

Digital Currency and Blockchain:
- Digital Euro: Continue the development and testing of the digital euro to ensure it is secure, efficient, and accessible.
- Blockchain and DLT: Explore and adopt blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) to improve the efficiency of transactions and data security.

Artificial Intelligence and Analytics:
- Enhanced Supervision: Use artificial intelligence and analytics to improve the supervision of the financial system and risk detection.
- Data Exploitation: Leverage internal and external data to better anticipate trends and changes in the economy.

Cybersecurity:
- Strengthening Security: Continue to invest in cybersecurity to protect client data and critical infrastructure.
- Training and Awareness: Train staff and raise awareness among users about best practices in cybersecurity.

Financial Inclusion:
- Accessible Services: Ensure that digital services are accessible to all, including the most vulnerable populations.
- Financial Education: Offer financial education programs to help citizens better understand and use digital financial services.

Attractiveness and Talent Management:
- Continuous Training: Provide ongoing training for employees to keep them up-to-date with the latest technologies and financial practices.
- Culture of Innovation: Foster a culture of innovation to encourage creativity and adaptation to new technologies.

By continuously adapting to changes brought about by digitization, the Bank of France can not only maintain its relevance but also play a leading role in the digital transformation of the financial sector. This will require a constant commitment to innovation, education, and security

Question 42

• Comment voyez-vous l’évolution du secteur bancaire en France et en Europe dans les 5 à 10 prochaines années ?

Answer 42

The evolution of the banking sector in France and Europe over the next 5 to 10 years will be characterized by a series of challenges and trends that will shape the future of the industry.

On one hand, French and European banks have demonstrated strong resilience in the face of recent macrofinancial and geopolitical shocks, with healthy capital ratios and ample liquidity buffers. However, they are operating in a deteriorating macroeconomic environment, marked by rising inflation, increasing interest rates, and declining growth prospects. Financial and non-financial risks have increased, particularly in Europe, with geopolitical tensions and inflationary pressures representing major challenges.

On the other hand, the increasing digitization of banking activities offers new opportunities, but it also comes with growing cyber risks and new customer expectations. Banks are striving to better understand the needs of their clients and to create new business opportunities, particularly through cross-selling and monetizing higher-value advice. They are also developing new partnerships with fintechs to adapt to sector evolutions.

Banks must also confront risks related to climate change and integrate this dimension into their strategies and risk management frameworks. The European Central Bank (ECB) has established strengthening resilience to macrofinancial and geopolitical shocks, digitization, and managing risks related to climate change as key priorities for banking supervision in the coming years.

In conclusion, the banking sector in France and Europe will need to continue adapting to a constantly evolving environment, marked by macroeconomic challenges, growing cyber risks, the impact of climate change, and new customer expectations. Banks that succeed in navigating this complex environment and effectively implementing prudential priorities will be better positioned to thrive in the coming years.