Climat

Question 1

Qu’est-ce qui vous a poussé à choisir l’Institut national du service public à Strasbourg pour votre formation ?

Answer 1

Pour faire I chose the National Institute of Public Service (INSP) in Strasbourg because it represented a dual opportunity for me to prepare for my vocation to serve the public interest, while benefiting from the advantageous framework it offers for scholarship students.

Firstly, having always been attracted to public service, joining the talent class at the INSP was an opportunity for me to realize my vocation.

Secondly, I chose the INSP’s preparatory class because I knew it led to numerous opportunities, including the Bank of France. Throughout the year, the INSP put us in contact with executive managers from the Bank of France, who were former students of our preparatory class. Thanks to the INSP, I was able to prepare for this competitive exam under ideal conditions, relying on advice given by alumni who are now executive managers at the Bank of France.

Finally, an undeniable reason was the living conditions offered by this preparatory class. Accommodation and tuition fees are covered, and a scholarship is paid to students. As a scholarship recipient, this represented a unique opportunity for me. It was a relief not to have to work alongside my studies and, for the first time during my education, not to worry about paying rent, energy bills, or water bills.face à ces défis, une politique publique devrait être mise en place pour encourager et financer une transition vers une économie résiliente et neutre en carbone. Cela comprendrait des investissements dans des infrastructures durables et résilientes aux effets du changement climatique, ainsi que dans la recherche et le développement de nouvelles technologies respectueuses du climat. En outre, des efforts devraient être faits pour augmenter la sensibilisation et l’éducation du public sur les impacts du changement climatique et sur les manières d’y faire face de manière durable. Enfin, l’adoption de politiques de conservation et de restauration des écosystèmes pourrait aider à préserver la biodiversité et à maintenir les services écosystémiques essentiels.

Sources :
- “Changement climatique : le coût de l’inaction selon France stratégie”, La Rédaction, 6 avril 2023.
- Rapport sur le coût de l’inaction face au changement climatique en France, France stratégie, 28 mars 2023.

Question 2

Comment votre parcours à l’Institut national du service public a-t-il complété votre formation à l’Institut d’études politiques de Grenoble ?

Answer 2

My decision to join the preparatory class at the National Institute of Public Service (INSP) after my Master’s at the Institute of Political Studies in Grenoble was driven by a desire to complement and enhance my previous education in several ways.

Firstly, the INSP offered a generalist training that was necessary to complete my past specialization. After completing my Master’s degree, I wanted to strengthen my skills in economics, a field that had intrigued me throughout my studies. The INSP provided an opportunity to deepen my understanding in this area, which was crucial for my career aspirations.

Secondly, the INSP expanded my career opportunities beyond what my Master’s degree offered. While my Master’s program provided me with a strong theoretical and practical foundation, it was primarily geared towards the humanitarian sector. Although I respect this field, it was not my primary career choice. The INSP allowed me to remain connected with public affairs in France and Europe and to pursue opportunities in these areas, aligning more closely with my professional goals.

Ultimately, the training at the INSP enabled me to leverage the knowledge and skills I had acquired during my Master’s program for positions based in France, particularly in fields related to public service and economics. This complemented my previous education by broadening my professional scope and aligning my career path more closely with my interests and aspirations in public affairs.

Question 3

Vous avez étudié à l’Institut national du service public à Strasbourg. Comment cette formation a-t-elle façonné votre vision du rôle d’un cadre de direction dans le secteur public ?

Answer 3

My training at the National Institute of Public Service (INSP) in Strasbourg significantly shaped my understanding of the role of an executive manager in the public sector.

From an institutional perspective, the INSP provided me with a comprehensive view of public service, enabling me to understand the mandate of the Bank of France and, consequently, the role of its executive managers. This holistic perspective was crucial in appreciating the interconnectedness of various public institutions and the broader impact of their actions.

Meeting and interacting with executive managers from the Bank of France was particularly enlightening. These exchanges gave me insights into their day-to-day roles and the diverse range of responsibilities they shoulder. I was especially intrigued by the career trajectory of an executive manager, which often involves considerable functional mobility and versatility. Learning about the dynamic nature of their roles and how they adapt to different challenges within the public sector was truly captivating.

In essence, my time at the INSP not only provided me with the theoretical knowledge of public law and the functioning of public institutions but also offered practical insights and real-world perspectives from current leaders in the field. This blend of theory and practice has been instrumental in shaping my vision of what it means to serve the public interest and the critical role executive managers play in this context.

Question 4

Comment la formation préparatoire au concours de l’encadrement supérieur de la fonction publique (“Talents”) vous a-t-elle préparé à un rôle à la Banque de France ?

Answer 4

My preparatory training for the senior public service management (“Talents”) competition equipped me well for a role at the Bank of France in several ways:

Knowledge-wise:
- The “Talents” program, offering accommodation, a scholarship, and free courses, provided me with the precious gift of time.
- This training prepared me perfectly for the Bank of France’s competitive examination, consolidating my knowledge, especially in economics.
- The opportunity to focus intensively on economic studies was crucial for my preparation.

In terms of personal qualities:
- The program emphasized effective teamwork, particularly working in trios, fostering a spirit of solidarity.
- It boosted my self-confidence and helped me better understand my strengths and limitations.
- I developed the ability to handle a significant workload, enhancing my perseverance.
- The experience taught me to fight for what I want and to stay motivated, which are essential qualities in any demanding role.

Regarding my motivation:
- Public management is a key aspect of the Bank of France’s operations, and the training solidified my interest in this area.
- It reinforced my desire to work in the French public sector, specifically in an institution like the Bank of France.
- The program also inspired me to engage in mentorship and to be involved in identifying new talents for the Bank of France.

Overall, the preparatory class not only provided me with the necessary academic grounding but also helped me develop personal qualities and a clear sense of motivation for a career in the public sector, particularly in a prestigious institution like the Bank of Franc

Question 5

Qu’avez-vous trouvé le plus intéressant lors de vos études à l’Institut national du service public de Strasbourg ?

Answer 5

During my studies at the National Institute of Public Service in Strasbourg, several aspects stood out as particularly interesting and impactful:

Economics Courses, Especially on Financial Stability:
- These courses were a highlight for me. I thoroughly enjoyed rediscovering the subject of economics, with a special focus on financial stability.
- The in-depth study of this area allowed me to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that underpin financial stability, a key aspect in the functioning of public institutions and the economy as a whole.

Understanding Economic Current Affairs:
- The program provided me with tools to comprehend and analyze current economic events. This was not only academically stimulating but also immensely practical, as it helped me connect theoretical knowledge with real-world economic scenarios.

Grasping Economic Mechanisms:
- Delving into the fundamental mechanisms of economics was particularly fascinating. It gave me a solid foundation to understand how different economic variables interact and affect each other, which is crucial for any role in the public sector, especially in a financial institution like the Bank of France.

Importance of Organization:
- The rigorous nature of the program underscored the importance of being organized. Effective time management and organizational skills were critical for handling the intensive coursework and for preparing for the competitive examination.

Emphasis on Healthy Living:
- The program also highlighted the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle, balancing intense studies with personal well-being. This holistic approach was beneficial not just academically but also for personal development.

Overall, my time at the National Institute of Public Service in Strasbourg was enriching and provided a comprehensive understanding of important economic principles, alongside vital skills and lifestyle habits that are essential for a successful career in the public sector.

Question 6

En quoi votre formation à l’Institut national du service public vous distingue-t-elle des autres candidats ?

Answer 6

My training at the National Institute of Public Service (INSP) distinguishes me from other candidates in several key ways:

“Talents” Class: A Special Program for Scholarship Students:
- Being part of the “Talents” class, which is a special program designed for scholarship students, provided me with a unique educational environment. This program is tailored to foster talents who may not have the same resources as others, leveling the playing field and allowing for a diversity of perspectives.

Optimal Working Conditions:
- I benefited from optimal working conditions which allowed me to focus all my energy and motivation on the competitive examination. This focused environment is crucial in achieving a deep and comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.

A Blend of Theoretical and Methodological Training:
- The program offered a balanced mix of theoretical knowledge and practical methodology. This combination is essential for understanding complex concepts and applying them effectively in real-world situations, especially in the public sector.

Networking with Public Officials, Including from the Bank of France:
- The opportunity to connect with public officials, particularly from the Bank of France, provided me with invaluable insights into the sector. These interactions offered a practical understanding of the working environment and expectations within such institutions.

Understanding of Ongoing Institutional Reforms:
- The INSP is an institution undergoing significant reforms, and being a part of this dynamic environment has given me a unique perspective on adaptability and change management within public institutions. This understanding is particularly relevant in today’s ever-evolving administrative landscape.

Overall, my training at the INSP has not only equipped me with specialized knowledge and skills but also provided me with unique experiences and perspectives that set me apart from other candidates. This comprehensive preparation is particularly beneficial for a career in public institutions like the Bank of France, where a deep understanding of public administration and its challenges is crucial.

Question 7

Pouvez-vous nous parler d’une réalisation dont vous êtes particulièrement fier au cours de votre formation à l’Institut national du service public ?

Answer 7

During my training at the National Institute of Public Service, one achievement that stands out and fills me with particular pride is my successful admission to the competitive examination of the Bank of France. This accomplishment was significant for several reasons:

Pushing My Limits:
- The year I spent at the Institute was marked by immense personal and academic growth. It was a period where I consistently pushed my limits, challenging myself to reach new heights in my academic and professional pursuits. The rigorous nature of the preparation for the Bank of France’s competitive examination demanded a high level of dedication and resilience, and succeeding in this endeavor was a testament to my hard work and determination.

Learning to Work Effectively in a Team:
- One of the most valuable skills I developed during my time at the Institute was the ability to work effectively in a team, especially in a triad (trinôme) setting. This experience taught me the importance of collaboration, communication, and leveraging the diverse strengths of team members. The ability to work harmoniously and productively with others is a crucial skill in any professional setting, and it was particularly relevant in the context of preparing for a highly competitive and collaborative environment like the Bank of France.

Overcoming Challenges:
- The journey to being admitted to the Bank of France’s examination was filled with challenges, both intellectually and personally. Overcoming these obstacles not only built my academic prowess but also instilled a strong sense of self-efficacy and resilience. This journey was a profound learning experience, teaching me valuable lessons about perseverance, adaptability, and the importance of a growth mindset.

In summary, my admission to the Bank of France’s competitive examination stands as a proud achievement from my time at the National Institute of Public Service. It symbolizes not just academic success, but also personal development in key areas that are essential for a successful career in the public sector.Mes connaissances me donnent une compétence technique que je peux utiliser dans le cadre de mes missions.

Question 8

Comment vos connaissances en politique monétaire, en stabilité financière et en réglementation bancaire et financière peuvent-elles être mises à profit dans ce poste ?

Answer 8

My knowledge in monetary policy, financial stability, and banking and financial regulation can be highly beneficial in a position at the Bank of France (Bdf) in several key ways:

Understanding the Interplay between Monetary Policy and Financial Stability:
- My grasp of how monetary policy impacts financial stability is critical, especially in an institution like the Bank of France, which plays a central role in these areas. This understanding allows for a more holistic approach to policy-making and regulation.

Comprehension of the Eurosystem:
- Knowledge of the Eurosystem, which comprises the European Central Bank and the national central banks of the Eurozone, including the Bank of France, is essential. This understanding aids in effectively navigating and contributing to the broader objectives of the Eurosystem.

Familiarity with Institutions:
- Being knowledgeable about various financial and banking institutions, including their structures, functions, and roles, equips me to better understand and engage with the ecosystem within which the Bank of France operates.

Awareness of the Operational Framework:
- Understanding the regulatory and operational framework within which I would be operating is crucial for making informed decisions and effectively executing responsibilities. This includes knowledge of current regulations, compliance requirements, and industry standards.

Deep Comprehension of Underlying Reasons for Tasks:
- My background allows me to appreciate the deeper reasons behind various tasks and initiatives. This is vital for executing tasks with a sense of purpose and direction, ensuring that every action aligns with the broader goals and missions of the Bank of France.

In summary, my expertise in these areas equips me with the necessary tools to not only perform my duties effectively but also to contribute to the strategic objectives of the Bank of France. Understanding the intricate relationship between monetary policy, financial stability, and regulation is key to contributing meaningfully in a role that has a significant impact on the financial health and stability of the nation and the Eurozon

Question 9

Expliquez un enjeu actuel de la politique monétaire de l’Union économique et monétaire et comment il affecte la Banque de France.

Answer 9

A current challenge in the monetary policy of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) is the economic divergence among member countries. The eurozone consists of economies at varying levels of growth, productivity, and fiscal robustness. This creates tension in implementing a unified monetary policy by the European Central Bank (ECB), as measures taken must account for the specific situation of each member country.

For the Bank of France, this issue is particularly significant as France is the second-largest economy in the eurozone after Germany. Monetary policies that are beneficial for countries with lower growth might not be suitable for France, and vice versa, due to the Balassa-Samuelson effect. For instance, an overly restrictive monetary policy could hinder economic growth in France, while a premature easing of monetary policy might lead to a resurgence of inflationary pressures.

Therefore, the Bank of France must contribute to formulating a monetary policy that works for the entire eurozone while defending the specific economic interests of France. It plays a role in discussions and decisions of the ECB, ensuring that monetary policy measures are adequate to support growth and employment in France, while maintaining financial stability.

Furthermore, the Bank of France has a role in communicating monetary policies and managing expectations, two crucial elements in maintaining investor confidence and financial stability. Thus, it needs to maneuver cautiously and strategically.

Question 10

Quels sont les plus grands défis en matière de stabilité financière auxquels la Banque de France est confrontée aujourd’hui ?

Answer 10

The Bank of France currently faces several significant challenges in maintaining financial stability:

Climate Risk:
- The financial implications of climate change pose a substantial challenge. The Bank of France must assess and manage the risks associated with climate-related events and transitions, which can have profound impacts on financial markets and institutions.

Fintech and Artificial Intelligence:
- The rapid growth of financial technology (fintech) and the integration of artificial intelligence in financial services bring both opportunities and challenges. The Bank of France needs to adapt to these technological changes, ensuring that they contribute to the financial system’s efficiency without compromising stability.

Geopolitical Instability:
- The ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine, with its inherent uncertainties, can have ripple effects on global financial stability. Such geopolitical tensions can impact investment flows, market sentiments, and economic relations.

Potential New Tensions in Commodity Prices:
- Fluctuations in commodity prices, driven by geopolitical tensions or other factors, can lead to financial instability. The Bank of France needs to monitor these developments closely, as they can affect inflation and economic growth.

Risk of Wider Conflict Escalation:
- The potential for broader escalation of conflicts poses a significant risk to global financial stability. Such escalations can lead to market disruptions, affect international trade, and strain financial systems.

Financial Stability in the USA:
- Developments in the United States, such as the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank and the concentration in the banking sector (similar to the situation with Credit Suisse), are of concern. Additionally, the insufficient implementation of Basel III standards in the U.S. can have global repercussions, affecting international financial stability.

The Bank of France must navigate these challenges with a proactive and comprehensive approach, adapting its policies and frameworks to mitigate risks and ensure the resilience of the financial system. This involves close monitoring of global economic developments, effective regulatory oversight, and collaboration with international financial institutions

Question 11

Comment évaluez-vous l’importance de la stabilité financière et quel rôle la Banque de France joue-t-elle à cet égard ?

Answer 11

The importance of financial stability is multifaceted, and the role of the Bank of France in this context is crucial:

Technical Perspective:
- Financial stability is a precondition for the effective transmission of monetary policy. If the financial system is unstable, monetary policy measures may not be transmitted efficiently to the real economy, affecting the central bank’s ability to control inflation and support economic growth.
- The role of the Bank of France in ensuring financial stability involves maintaining confidence in the financial system. This includes supervising banks and other financial institutions, managing systemic risks, and acting as a lender of last resort. By ensuring the stability and reliability of the financial system, the Bank of France plays a key role in stimulating economic growth.

Personal Perspective:
- From a societal standpoint, financial stability can be seen as a public good. It’s fundamental for maintaining economic confidence and stability, which are essential for sustainable growth and prosperity.
- Financial stability is critical in preventing business failures. Instability in the financial sector can lead to a chain reaction, affecting businesses, jobs, and the economy at large.
- A financial crisis can lead to social disasters, such as mass unemployment and the destruction of physical and human capital. Therefore, maintaining financial stability is not just about protecting the financial system but also about safeguarding the broader economy and society from the far-reaching consequences of financial disruptions.

In summary, the Bank of France plays an essential role in ensuring financial stability, which is critical not only for the smooth functioning of the economy but also for the welfare of society as a whole. Its actions and policies in this regard are key to preventing financial crises and fostering a stable economic environment.

Question 12

Comment votre formation en science politique et vos études à l’Institut d’études politiques de Grenoble vous ont-elles préparé à ce poste ?

Answer 12

My education in political science and my studies at the Institute of Political Studies (IEP) in Grenoble have comprehensively prepared me for a role as an executive manager, particularly in an institution like the Bank of France. Here’s how:

Technical Competence in Economics:
- My studies provided me with a solid foundation in various economic disciplines, including macroeconomics, national accounting, microeconomics, industrial policy, and political economy. This broad-based economic knowledge is crucial for understanding and contributing to the Bank of France’s monetary and financial stability missions.

Intellectual Flexibility, Agility, and Adaptability:
- The generalist nature of my education at IEP Grenoble has prepared me to be a versatile manager, capable of navigating different technical subjects. This adaptability is vital in a dynamic and complex economic environment.

Curiosity:
- My academic journey stimulated a keen interest in a wide range of topics, particularly those related to economics, public affairs, and international relations. This curiosity is essential for continual learning and staying abreast of global economic trends and policies.

Perspective and Analytical Skills:
- I developed the ability to take a step back and analyze issues from a broader perspective. This skill is important for strategic thinking and decision-making in a policy-setting environment.

Communication Skills:
- My training emphasized clear, structured, and precise written and oral expression. Being able to communicate complex ideas effectively is crucial for an executive role.

Synthesis and Analysis:
- I honed my skills in information research, analysis, and synthesis. Being able to distill complex information into concise, actionable insights is key in a fast-paced financial environment.

Teamwork:
- Throughout my courses, I engaged in numerous group projects, which helped me develop strong teamwork skills. The ability to collaborate effectively is indispensable in an organizational setting like the Bank of France.

In summary, my academic background from IEP Grenoble aligns well with the key competencies required for an executive role at the Bank of France, equipping me with the necessary skills, knowledge, and perspective to contribute effectively to the institution’s goals.

Question 13

Pouvez-vous partager une expérience particulièrement marquante de votre temps à l’Institut d’études politiques de Grenoble ?

Answer 13

At the Institute of Political Studies (IEP) in Grenoble, I engaged in several extracurricular projects and activities, which were both enriching and instrumental in my personal development:

Rugby:
- I continued my passion for rugby, a sport I had played at a club level previously, by participating in the university’s rugby team.
- Being selected for the first team of the university in the position of a lock (3LA) is a memory I cherish deeply. This experience not only kept me physically active but also reinforced my sense of camaraderie and team spirit.

Leadership Development in Rugby:
- Playing rugby since I was 14 years old, I had the opportunity to develop my leadership skills over the years. This was not just about athletic prowess but also about motivating teammates, strategizing on the field, and representing the team with integrity and spirit.

Student Job - Educational Support Assistant:
- I worked part-time as an educational support assistant (EPAE) at a military college, helping with homework and academic guidance.
- This role was in itself a managerial challenge, as managing a classroom of middle school students, especially in contemporary times, requires a great deal of patience, authority, and adaptability.

Navigating Hierarchical Challenges:
- In this position, I was at the lower end of the hierarchy, where it was crucial to assert myself as a trustworthy and authoritative figure (auctoritas) for the students. Simultaneously, I had to earn the trust and respect of my superiors, who relied heavily on my contributions.

These extracurricular activities complemented my academic pursuits at IEP Grenoble. They allowed me to develop skills that are valuable in any professional context, such as teamwork, leadership, communication, and the ability to manage challenging situations effectively. These experiences have been integral in shaping my character and professional competencies, preparing me for roles that demand a balance of intellectual acumen and practical, interpersonal skills.

Question 14

Pouvez-vous partager une expérience particulièrement marquante de votre temps à l’Institut d’études politiques de Grenoble ?

Answer 14

During my time at the Institute of Political Studies (IEP) in Grenoble, I had a range of experiences that were both positive and challenging, each contributing significantly to my personal and professional growth.

Positive Experiences:

Graduation Ceremony: The graduation ceremony was a particularly memorable and proud moment for me. It symbolized the culmination of years of hard work and dedication, and it was a time to celebrate academic achievements with peers, professors, and family.

Success in Competitive Examinations: Successfully passing competitive exams was another highlight. This success was not just an academic achievement but also a testament to my perseverance, resilience, and the effective application of my knowledge and skills.

Admission to a Coveted Master’s Program: Gaining admission to a highly sought-after Master’s program, which was closed to external applicants, was a significant accomplishment. This admission was a recognition of my academic abilities and potential, marking a crucial step in my educational journey.

Challenging Experiences:

COVID-19 Pandemic: The COVID-19 pandemic posed unprecedented challenges. Adapting to remote learning and dealing with the uncertainties and disruptions brought about by the pandemic was difficult but also a learning experience in resilience and adaptability.

Protests and Blockades: The institute faced periods of unrest with protests and blockades, which, while challenging, provided a firsthand experience in understanding and navigating complex socio-political dynamics. It was an opportunity to witness the practical aspects of political studies in real life.

Threats of Terrorist Attacks: During my time at the institute, there were threats of terrorist attacks, which added a layer of anxiety and complexity to the educational experience. This situation highlighted the importance of security and crisis management in public spaces.

Each of these experiences, both positive and challenging, played a crucial role in shaping my perspective, resilience, and adaptability – qualities that are invaluable in a professional setting, especially in roles that require a nuanced understanding of socio-political dynamics and the ability to navigate complex and unpredictable situations.

Question 15

During your master’s degree at the Institute of Political Studies in Grenoble, what was your main research topic, and how does it apply to your desired role at the Bank of France?

Answer 15

• Work on the role of digital technologies in transforming international relations, with a particular interest in cybermalfeasance operations (data theft, sabotage, impersonation). A work before the exponential advancements of generative AI this year.
• Conclusions of this work: the dangers related to digital technology change the strategies of institutional actors, but have little effect on the behavior of individuals. Example: for the moment, deepfakes have not managed to transform international relations. Ex: fake Jean-Yves le Drian. Or Fake Zelensky.

Application to my role at the Bank of France:
- impact of cyber risks on financial stability
- what are the threats and risks carried by new technologies

Question 16

How could your training in the political economy of development be applied to the Bank of France?

Answer 16

Knowledge of the Washington Consensus = Structural Adjustment Plan for IMF growth. The Washington Consensus: a vision shared by the IMF and the World Bank of development => a hegemonic vision of development (Think tank, OEI, OER, national administrations). Budget balance, non-inflationary growth, sustainable growth, debt viability, price and market flexibility, good governance, price truth, appropriate institutions, fight against corruption, transparency, etc. Determines the macroeconomic and structural framework (policy space) of development strategies since the 1980s.

It is within this framework that all our institutions evolve. Content and foundation of the Washington Consensus:

Fiscal discipline
Tax reform
Liberalization of interest rates and national financial systems
Exchange rate flexibility
Opening and liberalization of imports
Neutral regime for foreign direct investment
Privatization
Deregulation: i) elimination of situational or institutional rents and ii) easing of barriers to market entry and exit
Elimination of public subsidies
Promotion of property rights

The Renovated Washington Consensus:

Corporate governance
Fight against corruption
Labor market flexibility
Adherence to and ratification of WTO Agreements
Adoption of international financial frameworks, norms, and standards
Controlled and gradual liberalization of the financial account of the balance of payments
Central bank independence and inflation targeting
Implementation of social safety net measures
Fight against poverty

Acquired skills

i) to identify and understand the debates and structural problems of the international political economy of development;
ii) to know the main theoretical, practical, and organizational issues characterizing the field of international development;
iii) to understand and report on the economic, social, and political transformations accompanying international poverty reduction processes;
iv) to analyze the systemic constraints faced by developing countries (demographic, agricultural and food issues, financing and aid, poverty reduction, 'good' governance)
v) to understand the constraints and challenges faced by international organizations, states, and NGOs (transnational, local) in managing development projects;
vi) to develop their critical analysis capacity."

Question 17

How will the international political practices studied during your Master’s at the Institute of Political Studies in Grenoble influence your approach as an executive at the Bank of France?

Answer 17

Top-down approach:
from international phenomena to national issues.
from macro to micro.
areas of interest:

the role of IOs (International Organizations) in the issues I deal with
tendency to look at what is done in other countries
tendency to question my approach, in the face of other reading prisms

Theoretical approach, realistic view:
States invest in international bodies with the aim of defending their interests. In many cases, they are willing to make efforts only on issues that can be translated into domestic policies.
nuanced with the liberal-institutionalist vision

importance of IOs for global problems
IOs create organizational cultures

Question 18

What is the relationship between your background focused on international organizations, your experience in press and communication, and with refugees, and the missions of the Bank of France?

Answer 18

In simple terms: IOs (International Organizations) are factors that determine global economic and financial stability. Training on IOs is equivalent to training in public affairs, but at a planetary level. As they are generalist, I have been associated with the missions of the Bdf (Bank of France) to that extent. So there is a connection. The subjects intersect.

To better answer your question: I have no previous experience at the Bank of France, so I have never contributed to its missions (3S). However, I think that my background has absolutely prepared me to fulfill missions similar to those of the Bank of France.

Monetary Strategy:

I am ready to take on all the technicalities of monetary policy and its formulation framework: the Eurosystem / training focusing on IOs
I am ready to be involved, within the Eurosystem, in the organization of the Governing Council and the definition of the ECB's monetary policy / press: organization of international meetings, in contact with IOs
I am ready for monetary policy analysis / refugees: data collection and analysis, use of statistical tools

Financial Stability:

I am ready to work in contact with international financial organizations / training: knowledge and interest in the functioning of IOs involved in financial stability (BIS, ECB, FATF, AMLA)
In a possible position at the ACPR, I am ready to contribute to defining France's position with international regulatory bodies / press: association with defining France's position on issues dealt with at the UNOG
I am ready to work in contact with international interlocutors / refugees: work in an international team, practice of English as a working language

Services to the Economy:

I am ready to be a writer for the Governor / press: drafting notes and assisting in the preparation of the Ambassador's speeches
I am ready to interact with companies / refugees: work with the private sector, financial flows to refugees (e.g., Ukraine emergency, donations in millions from large French companies).

In summary: not associated with the same ends, but unquestionably with the same means

Question 19

How have you managed the transition between your work on international issues and your interest in public economics?

Answer 19

There was no transition because these are two overlapping fields:
The current affairs of the Bdf (Bank of France) demonstrate this:

Monetary policy:

Geopolitics: Ukraine, energy, Israel/Hamas

Financial stability:

Risks: AML/CFT; climate change

Regulation: Basel Accords

Innovation:

CBDCs and cross-border payments: Nexus project, BIS projects (Jura and Marianna)

Support to the economy:
    Corporate strategy
    CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility)
    Public economics is inescapable in international issues:
    Impact of conflicts on economies
    International development economics
    Climate change and economics
    International migrations and economics
    International organizations and economics
        EU, Eurosystem, IMF, World Bank, BIS, OECD

A unique master's degree, knowledge that is unique to me, allowing me to differentiate among candidates.
    Understanding of the internal workings of IOs
    Interest in lesser-known IOs: FATF, AMLA
    Knowledge of the institutional framework of IOs
    Knowledge of consultation methods
    Understanding of the representation of national interests within IOs
    Sense of diplomacy

Professionalization
    Lots of practice

Simulation of international negotiations (class vote: climate negotiations)

Practice of foreign languages in a professional context

Question 20

How do you see corporate social responsibility in the context banking sector?

Answer 20

In the banking sector, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is not just a moral imperative but a strategic necessity. It’s about aligning a bank’s operations with the broader social, environmental, and economic goals of the community it serves. Here’s how I view CSR in the banking context:

Sustainable Finance: Banks have a crucial role in promoting sustainable development. By prioritizing investments in environmentally friendly projects and companies committed to sustainable practices, banks can drive significant positive change. This involves not only green financing but also actively avoiding investments that harm the environment.

Transition Plans: The importance of transition plans in the banking sector cannot be overstated. Banks need to support businesses in transitioning to more sustainable models. This involves providing financial products and advisory services tailored to assist companies in their journey towards sustainability. By doing so, banks help ensure that the transition to a low-carbon, sustainable economy is smooth and inclusive.

Community Engagement and Development: Banks should actively contribute to the communities they operate in. This includes supporting local initiatives, providing financial literacy programs, and engaging in community service. It’s important that their CSR initiatives address local needs and contribute to the community's overall well-being.

Ethical Practices and Governance: A bank’s internal practices reflect its commitment to CSR. This includes ensuring transparency in its operations, maintaining high ethical standards, and implementing robust governance structures to prevent issues like corruption and fraud.

Financial Inclusion: Promoting financial inclusion is a key aspect of CSR in banking. This means making financial services accessible to underserved and marginalized populations, thereby helping to reduce economic disparities.

Employee Welfare and Diversity: CSR also extends to how a bank treats its employees. This includes fair labor practices, promoting diversity and inclusion, and ensuring a safe and supportive work environment.

In summary, in the banking sector, CSR is about taking a holistic approach that considers not just profits, but people and the planet as well. It’s about being a responsible corporate citizen that actively contributes to the sustainable development of society.

Question 21

How does corporate social responsibility integrate into your vision of public economics?

Answer 21

Necessary:
In the context of the triangle of (in)action for societal development, where each expects a proactive role from the other two:

public authorities
citizens
companies

Important:

Corporate CSR thus plays an important role, representing at least 1/3 of the transformation of the economy in the face of societal challenges.
Their transition plans allow all agents to anticipate market evolutions

Decisive:

Positive gearing: studies show that if a certain threshold of companies engage in ambitious CSR, it could have a snowball effect. Citizens (consumers) would then only demand products from a responsible brand.

Question 22

How have you developed your interest in sustainable finance during your studies?

Answer 22

My interest in sustainable finance has been shaped by a combination of personal introspection, environmental awareness, and academic exposure. Growing up in a small mountain village, I’ve always had a deep appreciation for nature. Witnessing the significant reduction of a glacier near my home sparked a personal unease about the environmental catastrophe, fueling my desire to find solutions.

This concern for the environment was further reinforced during my first job, where I was involved in international climate negotiations. This experience was pivotal in steering my career towards sustainable finance. It inspired me to pursue a Master’s degree in the political economy of development, a field closely aligned with my growing interest in environmental issues.

Throughout my Master’s program, the topic of ecological transition was a recurring and cross-cutting theme. This allowed me to delve deeper into the subject and understand the critical role finance plays in addressing environmental challenges. One of the key areas of focus during my studies was on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which offered a comprehensive framework to explore the intersection of finance, sustainability, and global development.

In summary, my journey towards an interest in sustainable finance has been a blend of personal experiences with nature, professional exposure to environmental policy, and academic exploration of development economics and sustainability. This unique combination has given me a holistic understanding of the importance and potential of sustainable finance in addressing global environmental challenges

Question 23

Can you share a story that shaped your passion for global issues and sustainable finance?

Answer 23

My passion for global issues and sustainable finance is deeply rooted in my upbringing and experiences. Growing up in Geneva, a city at the heart of international diplomacy and global affairs, played a significant role in shaping my worldview. This exposure to diverse cultures and global issues at a young age laid the foundation for my interest in worldwide matters.

My education at a military high school further contributed to this interest. The structured and disciplined environment provided me with a unique perspective on leadership and responsibility, which later influenced my approach to addressing global challenges.

However, it was the environmental aspect of global issues that particularly struck a chord with me. Witnessing the devastating effects of climate change first-hand, especially the melting of a glacier near my home, profoundly affected me. This personal connection to nature’s vulnerability turned my concern into action, driving me towards sustainable finance as a tool for positive change.

Additionally, the film ‘Home’ by Yann Artus Bertrand played a pivotal role in developing my understanding of the interconnectedness of our planet’s ecological and financial systems. This film, with its powerful portrayal of Earth’s beauty and fragility, reinforced my sense of responsibility towards environmental conservation and sustainable development.

In summary, my journey towards a passion for global issues and sustainable finance has been shaped by a blend of personal experiences, educational background, and influential media. From growing up in Geneva to my military school education and the profound impact of witnessing environmental degradation, these elements collectively fostered a deep-rooted commitment to sustainable finance as a means to address global challenges.

Question 24

Your background shows a marked interest in sustainable finance. How does this translate into your vision of the role of the Banque de France?

Answer 24

Sustainable finance is a topic that touches all positions and is a burgeoning sector at the crossroads of public policy. Finance as a whole is converging towards sustainability, with increasing investments in ecological transition. The Banque de France (Bdf) is committed in this direction, as evidenced by its CSR policy, including reducing its emissions and portfolio choices.

In my journey at the Bdf, I may be called upon to play the role of a specialist in sustainable finance. This would translate into concrete actions:

In the Directorate of International Affairs (DAI), I would be responsible for contributing to the monitoring and development of European and international standards in sustainable finance. This would involve participating in defining new standards within European and international working groups in a sector at the intersection of public policies.

My activities would cover accounting, reporting, and auditing standards related to supervision (like sustainability standards), as well as financial communication obligations.

I would regularly inform the ACPR (French Prudential Supervision and Resolution Authority) and Banque de France governance about the orientations of the regulatory frameworks being defined.

Frequent interactions with other ACPR services and the Financial Stability Unit, as well as with regulators' representatives, participating in communication and training activities.

As a Sustainable Finance Specialist, my main missions would include:

Drafting cabinet notes (briefings, speeches, articles, etc.) for the Bank's governance and general management.
Participating in the Secretariat of the Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS), including managing one of the working groups, preparing plenary meetings, and steering committee sessions.
Contributing to the development of the Bank's positions on sustainable finance/biodiversity and to internal coordination efforts.
Representing the Bank or NGFS at national, European, or international forums.
Collaborating with other Bank services to produce analytical studies on issues related to the NGFS's work program.

In summary, my vision for the role of the Banque de France is to integrate sustainable finance into all aspects of its operations and decision-making, leveraging my background to contribute effectively to this crucial transition.

Question 25

How is your interest in sustainable finance an asset for the Banque de France?

Answer 25

Many people are passionate about this topic, so I interpret this question as: why would my interest be a better asset than another? Beyond the fact that this interest makes me an ideal candidate for specialist positions in sustainable finance, and more generally for all types of positions given the importance and cross-cutting nature of this issue, my background offers several unique advantages:

International Affairs Education: My training in international issues and knowledge of International Organizations (IOs) involved in these matters provides me with the lucidity to understand what can be expected from each. This perspective is critical for navigating the complex global landscape of sustainable finance.

International Development Training: My understanding of the various sustainability challenges, awareness of historical obstacles, and knowledge of consensual subjects position me to contribute meaningfully to the Bank’s sustainable finance initiatives. This comprehensive view is vital in addressing the multifaceted nature of sustainable finance.

Professional Experience with SDGs: My professional experiences have led me to work on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the implementation of the Agenda 2030. This experience is directly relevant to the Bank's commitment to integrating sustainability into its operations and policy-making.

Intellectual Honesty: I am committed to continuously expanding my knowledge, understanding diverse perspectives and interests, to enhance my mastery of sustainable finance. This approach ensures that I can contribute insightful, well-rounded viewpoints to the Bank’s initiatives, helping to drive more effective and inclusive policies.

In summary, my interest in sustainable finance, combined with my educational background, professional experience, and commitment to continuous learning, make me a valuable asset to the Banque de France in its pursuit of integrating sustainability into its financial and policy frameworks.

Question 26

How do you think the Banque de France can contribute to the transition towards more sustainable finance?”

Answer 26

The Banque de France can play a pivotal role in steering the financial sector towards greater sustainability. This involves several key actions, emphasizing the importance of transition plans.

Leadership in Sustainable Policy Development: The Bank can lead by example in developing and implementing policies that promote sustainable finance. This includes setting clear guidelines for environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investments, and encouraging financial institutions to incorporate sustainable practices into their operations.

Supporting Transition Plans: One of the most critical areas is supporting and facilitating comprehensive transition plans for various industries and sectors. This involves providing strategic guidance and financial support to businesses as they move towards more sustainable practices. Transition plans are essential for ensuring a smooth and gradual shift, mitigating risks associated with sudden changes while maximizing the opportunities arising from sustainable practices.

Collaboration with International and National Bodies: Collaborating with other central banks, international financial institutions, and regulatory bodies is crucial. This ensures a coordinated approach to global sustainability challenges and helps in setting international standards and best practices in sustainable finance.

Education and Awareness Campaigns: The Bank can initiate and participate in public awareness campaigns to educate consumers and businesses about the benefits of sustainable finance. This will help in creating demand for sustainable financial products and services, thereby encouraging financial institutions to develop and offer such products.

Research and Development in Sustainable Finance: Investing in research to understand the impacts of various sustainable finance initiatives and to develop new financial products that support environmental sustainability is vital. The Bank can play a key role in funding and conducting this research.

Promoting Financial Inclusion: Ensuring that sustainable finance initiatives are inclusive and accessible to all sectors of society, including traditionally underserved communities. This approach ensures that the benefits of sustainable finance are widespread and contribute to overall societal well-being.

In conclusion, the Banque de France can significantly contribute to sustainable finance by leading policy development, supporting transition plans, collaborating on a global scale, educating stakeholders, investing in research, and ensuring financial inclusion. These steps are critical in moving towards a financial system that supports environmental sustainability and societal well-being.

Question 27

Comment vous assurez-vous de rester à jour sur les actualités et les évolutions dans le domaine de l’économie publique et de la finance durable ?

Answer 27

To stay current with the latest developments in public economics and sustainable finance, I employ a multifaceted approach:

Continuous Learning and Education: I actively seek out online courses, webinars, and workshops. These platforms often discuss the latest trends and challenges in sustainable finance, including the crucial aspect of transition plans. Understanding how different sectors are implementing these plans provides insights into best practices and innovative approaches.

Subscribing to Relevant Publications and Journals: I subscribe to leading publications and academic journals in the fields of public economics and sustainable finance. These resources are invaluable for keeping abreast of the latest research, case studies, and expert opinions.

Networking and Professional Groups: Being part of professional networks and groups, such as LinkedIn groups or industry associations, allows me to engage with peers and experts in the field. This network is a rich source of real-time updates and diverse perspectives.

Attending Industry Conferences and Seminars: Participating in relevant conferences and seminars, whether in-person or virtual, helps me stay connected with the latest industry trends and discussions, especially on the evolving role of transition plans in sustainable finance.

Regular News Updates: I make it a habit to read daily news from credible sources that cover economic and financial topics. This routine helps me stay informed about global economic events and policy changes that impact public economics and sustainable finance.

Engaging with Academic Research: I regularly read academic papers and research articles. They provide a deeper understanding of theoretical underpinnings and empirical findings related to public economics and sustainable finance.

Podcasts and Thought Leadership: Listening to podcasts and following thought leaders in the field keeps me updated on innovative ideas and emerging trends.

Personal Research Projects: Engaging in personal research projects or collaborating on research with others allows for a deeper exploration of specific topics, especially the intricacies and practical applications of transition plans in sustainable finance.

This comprehensive approach ensures I have a well-rounded understanding of the current landscape and future directions in public economics and sustainable finance, including the critical role of transition plans.

Question 28

What is the most important lesson you learned from your bachelor’s degree in political science that is relevant to this role?

Answer 28

The most significant lesson from my bachelor’s degree in political science, particularly relevant to this role, revolves around my deep attachment to Europe and the understanding of its beauty and fragility. This realization was profoundly shaped by my year abroad, where I experienced first-hand the simplicity of crossing borders, notably in Strasbourg, and the stark contrast to Switzerland. Using the Euro and appreciating all the benefits of being from an EU member country further solidified this attachment.

This experience instilled in me a strong desire to be dedicated to serving the broader European public interest. It highlighted the importance of understanding and navigating the intricate dynamics of the European Union, a skill that is undoubtedly valuable in any role that interacts with or impacts European policy and finance.

Moreover, my personal background as a French citizen, born in Grenoble, with a mother from Wroclaw in Poland and a Franco-German father, has imbued me with a profound sense of European identity. This multicultural and multilingual background gives me a unique perspective on European affairs, allowing me to appreciate the diversity and complexity of the European project.

In summary, my political science degree, enriched by personal experiences, has taught me the value of embracing and understanding European integration, a perspective that I believe is essential in today’s interconnected and interdependent European context, particularly in roles that deal with public policy and finance.

Question 29

Comment la macroéconomie, que vous avez étudiée pendant votre licence en science politique, s’applique-t-elle concrètement aux missions de la Banque de France ?

Answer 29

My studies in macroeconomics during my degree in political science are highly applicable to the missions of the Banque de France, primarily in the following ways:

Understanding Economic Indicators: My background in macroeconomics has equipped me with a solid understanding of economic indicators like GDP, inflation, unemployment rates, and fiscal policies. This understanding is crucial for the Banque de France in analyzing economic trends, forecasting future economic conditions, and making informed decisions about monetary policy.

Monetary Policy Formulation: Macroeconomics has provided me with insights into how monetary policy can influence an economy. This includes understanding the implications of adjusting interest rates, managing money supply, and regulating credit availability. Such knowledge is vital for the Banque de France in its role of ensuring price stability and contributing to the economic policies of the Euro area.

Inflation and Price Stability: One of the key roles of the Banque de France is to maintain price stability. My studies have given me a thorough understanding of the causes and effects of inflation, which is essential in developing strategies to control inflation and protect the purchasing power of the euro.

Financial Stability Oversight: Macroeconomics involves studying how different sectors of the economy interact. This holistic view is critical for the Banque de France in its role of overseeing financial stability, where it must consider the interconnectedness of various financial institutions and markets.

Economic Research and Analysis: My academic training has honed my skills in economic research and analysis, crucial for any role at the Banque de France. This involves assessing economic conditions, interpreting data, and providing recommendations based on macroeconomic theories and models.

Policy Advisory Role: The Banque de France also advises the French government on economic policy. My background enables me to understand the broader economic implications of various policy choices and contribute to discussions on economic policy formulation.

In summary, my studies in macroeconomics are directly relevant to the work of the Banque de France, providing a foundational understanding of economic principles and tools necessary for monetary policy formulation, financial stability oversight, and economic advisory roles.

Question 30

How does your training in Political Science influence your approach to economic and financial issues?

Answer 30

Generalist, interdisciplinary approach
Desire to contextualize economic and financial facts within historical, legal, political, ideological, and sociological perspectives.
A training that teaches how to get to the essence of things
A training that gives a certain agility of mind, which allows for easily juggling different economic and financial subjects, and making connections between them.
However: I am less of a technician. I do not have training in mathematics applied to economics or finance. That’s what I came to the Banque de France for.

Question 31

What motivated you to study in Germany and how has it influenced your perspective on economics and finance?

Answer 31

What motivated you to study in Germany and how has it influenced your perspective on economics and finance?

Studying in Germany:

Love for Germany: my family originates from there. The intention was to improve my German (which didn't happen as the courses were in English and my friends were English-speaking).
Desire to explore Europe.
The University of Konstanz was known for the quality of its training.
Opportunity to take courses in varied fields: management, philosophy, public administration.
The beauty of the city: the lake, mountains.

Influence on Economics and Finance:

Day to day, the German discipline in managing public finances is not palpable.
The significance of the European economy and the Euro. It was the first time I had the opportunity to use currency outside of France for my daily purchases.
Use of the 500 euro note, as opposed to the withdrawal of 1 and 2 cent coins (like in Switzerland).
I got into the habit of always having some cash on me.
In Germany, the use of cash is very significant. Many purchases, even for amounts in the tens of thousands of euros, can be made in cash.
Surprising to learn this: raises questions about money laundering.
In summary: different practices within the Eurozone.
At the university: discovery of game theory (prisoner's dilemma, adverse selection, moral hazard, Nash equilibrium, free rider).

Question 32

What did you learn from your time at the University of Konstanz that could be relevant for this position?

Answer 32

At the University:

Languages: Improved my English, consolidated my Spanish, and learned the basics of German. These language skills are crucial for international communication and collaboration in a globalized financial environment.
Economics: I was introduced to the public choice school of thought, studied spatial models, and discovered game theory, political economy, and the political economy of development. This diverse economic knowledge base is vital for understanding the complex economic factors influencing financial markets and policies.
Management: I studied informal leadership in teams, questioning traditional hierarchical leadership and exploring how to share leadership roles. I also looked into the role of play at work. This understanding of modern management techniques is essential for effective team collaboration and leadership in a dynamic workplace.

In Everyday Life:

Currency Usage: Extensive use of cash in Germany highlighted that there are varying economic practices within the Eurozone. This experience provides insight into how monetary policy can differently impact various segments of the economy.

On a Personal Level:

Understanding of Europe: Living and studying in Germany deepened my understanding of Europe, both culturally and economically. This broader European perspective is beneficial for a role in a central bank, where decisions can have wide-reaching effects across the Eurozone.

Overall, my time at the University of Konstanz equipped me with a multifaceted understanding of economics, management, and European cultures, all of which are relevant and valuable for a position at a central bank like the Banque de France.

Question 33

En quoi une expérience internationale, notamment en Allemagne, prépare-t-elle à travailler pour une institution française aussi prestigieuse que la Banque de France ?

Answer 33

An international experience, particularly in a country like Germany, is immensely valuable in preparing one for a role at a prestigious institution like the Banque de France. Here’s how:

Understanding of Diverse Economic Systems: Germany has a unique economic model, and experiencing it firsthand offers insights into different economic systems and policies. This understanding is crucial in the context of the Banque de France, which operates within the diverse economic landscape of the European Union.

Cultural Sensitivity and Adaptability: Living and studying in Germany has honed my ability to adapt to different cultural environments. This adaptability is essential at the Banque de France, which interacts with various international institutions and must navigate a multitude of cultural nuances.

Openness to the World: My experience in Germany has broadened my perspective, fostering an openness to the world. This global outlook is critical in today’s interconnected financial environment, where decisions made in one country can have far-reaching impacts across borders.

Collaborative Skills in a Multinational Setting: Working in a multicultural environment in Germany has strengthened my collaborative skills, which are vital for working in a team at the Banque de France, particularly in roles involving coordination with other European Central Banks and financial institutions.

Language Proficiency: Proficiency in multiple languages, including German and English, enhances communication in a multilingual institution like the Banque de France. This is particularly relevant in dealings with the European Central Bank and other international entities.

Appreciation of Economic and Monetary Policies: Germany's role in the EU and the Eurozone provides a unique perspective on economic and monetary policies. Understanding Germany's approach to these policies enriches my comprehension of European-wide financial strategies, directly relevant to the Banque de France’s work.

In summary, my international experience in Germany equips me with a diverse skill set and a global perspective, both of which are invaluable in contributing effectively to the multifaceted and prestigious work of the Banque de France.

Question 34

How would you describe your experience at the University of Konstanz in Germany compared to your studies in France?

Answer 34

Academic Approach:

The teaching at the University of Konstanz was much more focused on the scientific method. This included an extensive review of literature, identifying gaps in existing research, formulating hypotheses, and testing these hypotheses. This approach provided a rigorous framework for academic inquiry.
The learning environment was highly qualitative. With fewer classroom hours, smaller group sizes, and closer proximity to instructors, there was a greater emphasis on in-depth learning and individual attention.
The Erasmus program offered the advantage of having a choice in course selection, allowing for a broader and more diverse academic experience. This flexibility was key in exploring new subjects and areas of interest.
Compared to my studies in France, there was less focus on current affairs and contemporary issues at Konstanz. There was also a tendency to be more conclusive in academic discussions, with fewer open-ended questions.

Quality of Life:

The setting of the University of Konstanz was idyllic and pastoral. Nestled in a forest with views overlooking Lake Constance, it provided a serene and picturesque learning environment.
Transportation was predominantly by bicycle, which contributed to an eco-friendly and active lifestyle.
The atmosphere was very tranquil, perhaps even too quiet at times. This calmness, while conducive to focused study, was a stark contrast to the more bustling and dynamic environment I experienced in France.

Overall, my time at the University of Konstanz offered a unique blend of rigorous academic training and a peaceful, natural setting. This experience was quite distinct from my studies in France, both in terms of the educational approach and the lifestyle.

Question 35

How has your education in Germany at the University of Konstanz enriched your perspective on European economic and financial issues?

Answer 35

Academic Approach:

The focus on the scientific method at the University of Konstanz significantly deepened my understanding of economic and financial issues. This involved extensive literature reviews, identifying gaps in existing research, formulating hypotheses, and empirically testing these hypotheses. Such a structured approach to academic inquiry is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of complex economic issues.
In economics, I was introduced to the public choice school of thought, studied spatial models, and explored game theory. This exposure broadened my perspective on various economic theories and their practical applications, especially relevant to understanding the dynamics of European economics and politics.

Everyday Life Observations:

The prevalent use of cash in Germany highlighted differing economic practices within the Eurozone. This experience provided insights into how monetary policy transmission can vary across different European economies, which is particularly relevant to understanding the diverse financial landscapes within the Eurozone.

Personal Growth:

My experience in Constance helped me develop a dual perspective, feeling both thoroughly European while maintaining a strong connection to my national identity. This mirrors the position of the Banque de France, which operates with a pan-European perspective while being firmly rooted in the French context. Such an understanding is essential in appreciating the nuances of European economic and financial integration and the role of national institutions within this broader framework.

In summary, my education at the University of Konstanz has significantly enhanced my perspective on European economic and financial matters. The rigorous academic training, coupled with personal experiences and observations, has provided me with a deep understanding of the complexities and nuances of the European economic and financial landscape, an invaluable asset in a role at the Banque de France.