June 9th Flashcards
1
Q
Focal myocardial inflammation with multinucleate giant cells
A
Aschoff bodies of Rheumatic fever
2
Q
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic globules near nucleus in liver
A
Mallory bodies of alcoholic liver disease
3
Q
Desquamated epithelial casts in sputum
A
Kershmans spirals of bronchial asthma
4
Q
Onion skin periosteal reaction
A
Ewing sarcoma
5
Q
Psuedopalisading tumor cell arrangement
A
Glioblastoma
6
Q
Elevated serum uric acid
A
Gout
Lesch Nyhan
Myeloproliferative disorders
Diuretics (Loops/TZDs)
7
Q
Equation for Gibbs Free Energy
A
^G= ^H-T-^S
8
Q
Decreased NADPH due to lack of HMP enzyme
A
G6PD
9
Q
Inherited defect in tubular amino acid transporter
A
Cystinuria
Hartnup
10
Q
Deficiency of homogenetisic acid oxidase
A
Alkaptonuria
11
Q
Blocked degradation of branched chain amino acids
A
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
12
Q
Multiple Myeloma urinalysis
A
Urinalysis negative
Urine protein electrophoresis shows M-spike for Bence Jones Proteins
13
Q
Most common leukemia in kids
A
ALL
14
Q
Most common leukemia in adults
A
CLL
15
Q
Auer rods
A
AML M3 subtype
t(15,17)
16
Q
Myelodysplastic syndromes progress to
A
AML blast crisis
17
Q
Myeloproliferative syndromes progress to
A
AML
18
Q
More than 20% blasts in marrow or >20% blasts in peripheral blood
A
Acute leukemia
19
Q
Mature cells with
A
Chronic leukemia
20
Q
Hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy
A
Chronic leukemia
21
Q
Tdt+ acute leukemia
A
ALL
22
Q
Bone pain
A
ALL/MM
23
Q
Numerous basophils, splenomegaly, - LAP
A
CML
24
Q
t(9,22) always
A
CML
25
Acute leukemia + peroxidase
AML
26
Solid sheets of lymphoblasts in marrow
ALL
27
Always associated with bcd-abl gene
CML
28
Smudge cells
CLL
29
Punched out lytic bone lesions
MM
30
RBCs clumped together like coins
MM
31
Monoclonal Ab spike
MM
MGUS
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
32
Reddish pink rods in cytoplasm of leukemic blasts
AML M3 subtype
33
Most cells are CD13/33+
AML
34
Increased risk for Downs
ALL
| AML
35
Elderly adults
CLL
36
B cell markers
CLL
37
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
CLL
38
May progress to AML
CML
39
Chronic myeloproliferative disorders mutation and its function
JAK2 mutation
| Hematopoietic growth factor signaling
40
Teardrop RBCs
Myelofibrosis
41
Obliteration of marrow with fibroblast activity
Myelofibrosis
42
Translocation of AML that increases risk of downs
t(8,21)
43
Sx of MM
```
CRAB
Hypercalcemia
Renal insuffiency
Anemia
Bone lytic lesions, bone pain
```
44
Waldenstron macroglobulinemia
M spike
No lytic bone lesions
No CRAB Sx
45
MGUS
Monoclonal expansion of plasma cells
ASx
no CRAB
1-2% develop MM every year
46
Neutrophil with bilobed nuclei with thin strand connecting them
Pseudo-Pelger Heut anomaly
Seen after chemotherapy
Myelodysplastic syndromes
47
Solid tumor of B cells in nose
Extra medullary plasmacytoma
48
Vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss
Meniere's disease
49
Glaucoma Dx with
Tonometry
| Fundoscopy cup:disc >2:1
50
Non-eveloped RNA viruses
```
"my Real Heavy Picture of California was Ruined without an envelope"
Reovirus
Hepevirus
Picornavirus
Calcivirus
RNA
No envelope
```
51
Non-enveloped DNA viruses
```
"PaPa and Aunt Polly Didn't have an envelope"
Parvovirus
Papillomavirus
Adenovirus
Polygomavirus
DNA
No envelope
```
52
Influenza recombines via
Reassortment
53
Live viruses considered for HIV patients
Rotovirus in all infants with HIV
| VZV and MMR in patients with CD4>200
54
Non linear dsDNA viruses
ssRNA = parvovirus
| circular DNA = polyomavirus, papillomavirus & hepadnavirus
55
Tx of Afib with hyperthyroid
Tx aFib with b-blockers
| Tx Hyperthyroid with methamizole
56
Stress effects on adipocytes
Rapid breakdown of triglycerides and mobilization of fatty acids for energy
Lipase stimulation of fat cells
57
Multinucleate giant cells - atypical lymphocyte of EBV
Downey Cell
58
Where does EBV lie dormant?
B cells
59
Where does CMV lie dormant?
Mononuclear cells
60
Tx of HSV/EBV
Acyclovir
Valacyclovir
Famicyclovir
61
Tx of CMV
Ganciclovir
62
Second line tx of resistant CMV/EBV/HSV
Foscarnet
63
Temporal lobe encephalitis
HSV-1
64
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplets
Type A Cowdry bodies of HSV
65
Signet ring cells
Gastric adenocarinoma
66
Nutmeg liver
Budd-Chiari syndrome
| Right sided heart failure
67
Maternal elevation of AFP
NTD (anencepahly, spina bifida)
Gastrochisis
Ompahacele
68
RBC casts in urine
Acute glomerulonephritis
69
Acanthocytosis of RBC and excess lipids in enterocytes
Abetalipoproteinemia
70
HgbA1c in Diabetic patient goal
71
Slapped Cheek Rash
Fifth disease
| Parvo B 19
72
Aplastic crisis in sickle cell pt
Parvo B19
73
Gingovostomatitis
HSV1
74
Multinucleate cells on Tzanck test
HSV/VZV
75
Roseola
HSV 6
76
Milkmaid blisters
Cowpox
| Vaccinia
77
Conjuctivitis & diarrhea
Adenovirus
78
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
EBV
79
Oral hairy leukoplakia
EBV
80
Only DNA virus not double stranded
Parvovirus
81
Hypoglycemia, jaundice, cirrhosis
Fructose intolerance
82
MOA of lactulose
Digested by bacteria in colon creating an acidic environment which converts ammonia to ammonium which is then trapped in the colon and excreted in the stool
Used to lower serum ammonia in cirrhosis
83
Features of alkpatonuria
Being disease deficient in homogentistic acid oxidase
| Dark organs, CT and urine
84
#1 cause fatal infantile gastroenteritis
Rotavirus
85
Gastroenteritis on cruise ships
Norwalk virus
86
Common cold
Rhinovirus
| Coronavirus
87
Fever, jaundice, black vomit
Yellow fever
88
Meningitis
Echovirus
89
Infects motor neurons of ant horn
Polio
| West NIle
90
Break bone fever
Dengue
91
Torniquet test
Hemorrhagic Dengue
92
Opacities on X-ray on both sides of carina
Sarcoidosis
93
Dermatitis dementia, diarrhea, death
Pellagra
| Niacin B3 deficiency
94
HMG CoA Reductase inhibitors
Inhibit RLS of cholesterol synthesis
| Statins
95
Winter months
Influenza
Rotavirus
RSV
96
Summer months
Polio
Echovirus
Coxsackie viruses
West Nile virus
97
Viral meningitis
Coxsackie virus
Echovirus
Enterovirus
Mumps virus
98
Cough, coryza and conjunctivitis
Rubeola (Measles)
99
Parotiditis, orchitis, aspetic meningitis
Mumps
100
Animal urine
Leptospirosis
Hantavirus
Lass virus
LCM virus
101
Painful raised lesions on finger parts and fever
Oslers nodes of infectious endocarditis
102
Posterior cervical lymphadenopathy
EBV
Cat Scratch disease
Otitis media
103
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilsons
104
Why does a deficiency in the RLS of the HMP shunt result in hemolytic anemia?
Deficiency of G6PD results in no NADPH which is needed to reduce glutathione --> reduced glutathione is an important antioxidant in RBCs making them susceptible to hemolysis
105
Primary energy source who hasn't eaten in 2 days
Fatty acids
106
Is the genome of HIV diploid or haploid?
| RNA/DNA
Diploid RNA
107
What are the 3 structural genes of the HIV virus and what do they code for?
env (gp120 and gp41)
gag (p24 capsid protein)
pol (reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease and integrase) think polymerase
108
What is the protein that helps the HIV virus attach to CD4 T cells and what are the corecptors
Attaches to T cells with gp120
| Coreceptors = CCR5 and CXCR4
109
On what cells and in what stage of disease are the CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptors?
```
CCR5 = Macrophages and dendritic cells in early infection
CXCR4 = T cells in late infection
```
110
HIV course of homozygous CCR5 mutation
immunity
111
HIV course of heterozygous CCR5 mutation
slower course
112
What does the controls fusion and entry?
gp41
113
What controls attachment to T cells
gp120
114
What is the capsized protein?
p24
115
What does pol code for?
Reverse transcriptate
Integrase
Aspartate protease
116
Function of reverse trasnscriptase
synthesizes sDNA from genomic RNA allows for sDNA integration into the host genome
117
CD4
TMP-SMX for PCP
Dapsone if sulfa allergy
Pentamidine (aerosolized) if G6PD
118
CD4
TMP-SMX for Toxoplasma & PCP
| Dapsone + Pentamidine + Leucovorin if sulfa allergy
119
CD4
Azithromycin for MAC/MAI
120
Most common cause of DIC
```
"STOP Making Thrombi"
Sepsis
Trauma
Obstetric complications
Pancreatitis
Malignancy
Transfusion
```
121
Most common heart murmur
MVP
122
Most common coronary artery involved in thrombus
LAD
123
Most common cause of death in lupus
Renal failure due to lupus nephritis
124
Most common congenital heart anomaly
VSD
125
Clinical Sx and Cause of Addisons Disease
```
Skin hyper pigmentation
Hypotension
Malaise
Weakness
Weight loss
Anorexia
Autoimmune destruction of adrenal glands >> adrenal atrophy >> decreased cortisol and aldosterone
```
126
MOA: inhibit influenza neuroaminidase decreasing release of progeny virus
Oseltamivir
| Zanamivir
127
Cherry red spot on macula
Tay-Sachs
Neiman Pick
Central artery occlusion
128
Facial muscle spasm with tapped cheek indicates
Hypocalcemia
| Chovstek sign
129
What regulates prolactin secretion?
TRH stimulates
| Dopamine and Prolactin inhibit
130
AIDS pt with meningitis
Cryptococcus neoformans
131
India ink stain
Crytpococcus
132
Soap bubble lesion in brain
Cryptococcus
133
Sabouraud agar
Cryptococcus
134
Diffuse interstitial pneumonia with diffuse bilateral ground glass opacities with disc shaped yeast
Pneumocysitis jirovecii
135
Disc shaped yeast on silver stain
Pneumocysitis jirovecii
136
Cryptococcus prophylaxis
Fluconazole
137
Tx for oral candidiasis
Nystain
| Fluconazole
138
Tx for systemic candidiasis
Fluconazole
| Amphoteracin B
139
Most common opportunistic infxn in AIDS puts
Pneumocystis
140
Spaghetti and meatballs
Tinea versicolor
| Malassezia furfur
141
Frontal lobe abscess
Mucor
142
Broad irregular shaped nonseptae hyphae branch at 90 degrees (wide)
Mucor
143
Narrow septated hypae branch at 45 degrees
Aspergillus
144
Fungus ball
Aspergilloma
145
Intertrigo
Candida under breast or in skin folds of obese patient
146
Jagged diaper rash with satellite lesions
Candida
147
Germ tube small projects in blood draw tube
Candida
148
Lens shaped lesion on head CT
Epidural
149
Pigmented hamartomas in iris
Lisch nodules of Neurofibromatosis
150
No milk production postpartum
Sheehan syndrome
151
Howell jolly bodies
Asplenic DNA remnants
152
Cancer associated with asbestosis
Mesthelioma
| Bronchogenic carcinoma
153
Owl's eye inclusions
CMV
154
Owl's eye nucleus
Reed Sternberg cells of Hodgkin lymphoma
155
Owl's eye protozoa
Giardia
156
Enzyme deficient in PKU and Sx
```
Phenylalanin hydroxylase
Musty odor
Mental/growth retardation
Ezcema
Fair skin
Seizures
```
157
Organisms associated with birds
```
Histoplasma
Cryptococcus
Chlamydophila psittaci
H5N1
West Nile Virus
```
