Bacterial Structure and Classes Flashcards
On Gram + induces TNF-a, IL-1 and IL-6
Lipoteichnoic acid
Gram stains purple
Gram +
Gram stains pink
Gram -
On Gram - induces TNF & IL-1
Lipid A portion of Lipolysaccharide
On Gram - Antigen
O polysaccharide portion of LPS
On Gram - site of endotoxin
LPS
In Gram - site of B-lactamases
Periplasmic space
Mycolic acid cell wall rich in lipids
Mycobacteria
Resistant to gram stain
Giemsa stain
"Certain Bugs Really TRY my Patience" Chlamydiae Borrelia Rickettsiae Trypansosomes Plasmodium Histoplasma
Silver stain
Legionella
Pneumocystis and other fungi
H.pylori
No cell wall
Requires sterols
Mycosplasm
Ureasplasms
Pleomorphic gram -
Rickettsiae
Haemophilus
Chlamydiae
PAS stain
Glycogen
Ziehl-Neelsen stain
Acid fast stain Carbol fuchsin stain Nocardia Mycobacteria Cryptosporidium
Doesn’t gram stain
"These Microbes May Lack Real Color" Trepenoma (too thin) Mycobaccteria Mycoplasma Legionella Rickettsia Chlamydia
Obligate Intracellular
"stay inside when its Really CHilly and COld" Rickettsia Chlamydia Coxiella Rely on host ATP
India ink stain
Cryptococcus neoformans
also mucicarmine stains red
Eosin methylene blue agar (EMB)
E.coli
Turns colonies green metallic sheen
Charcoal yeast extract agar with cysteine and iron
Legionella
Sabouraud agar
Fungi agar
Chocolate agar Factors V (NAD+) Factor X (hematin)
H.influenzae
Thayer -Martin agar
N.gonorrhoeae
N.meningitisidis
Thayer Martin agar also contains
"Very Typically Cultures Neisseria" Vancomycin (inhibits gram +) Trimethoprim Colistin (inhibits gram except Neisseria) Nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Bordet Gengou agar
Tegan Lower medium
Bordetella pertussis
Tellurite agar
Loffler medium
C. diptheria
Lowerstein-Jensen agar
M.tuberculosis
Eaton agar
M.pneumoina
MacConkey agar
Lactose fermenting enterics
Aerobes
“Nagging Pests Must Breath”
Nocardia
Pseudomonas
MycoBacterium TB
Anaerobes
"Frankly Can't Breathe Air" Fusobacterium Clostridium Bacteroides Actinomyces
Anaerobes lack
Catalase or
Superoxide dimutase
Susceptible to oxygen damage
What antibiotic is ineffective against anaerobes?
AminO2glycosides
Require O2 to enter the cell
Facultative intracellular
"Some Nasty Bugs May Liver FacutlativeLY" Salmonella Neisseria Brucella Mycobacterium listeria Francisella Legionalla Yersinia pestis
Encapsulated bacteria
"SHiNE SKiS" Strep pneumo Haemophilus influ type B Neisseria meningitidis E.coli Salmonella Klebsiella group B strep (Strep Agalactiae)
Group A Strep
Strep Pyogenes
Group B Strep
Strep Agalactiae
Catalase +
"Catalase Need PLACESS to work" Nocardia Pseudomonas Listeria Aspergillus Candida E.coli Staphylococci Serratia
Yellow sulfur granulues
Actinomyces israelii
“Israel has yellow sand”
Yellow pigment
S.aureus (aureus=gold)
Blue-green pigment
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Red pigment
Serratia marcescnes
red maraschino
Bacteria with IgA Protease
"SHiN" Strep pneumo H.influ Neisseria Helps to colonize respiratory mucosa by cleaving IgA
Allows for adherence to surfaces
fimbriae
Glycolayx (indwelling catheters)
Protects against phagocytosis
Capsule
Genes for antibiotic resistance and toxins
Plasmid
Exotoxins that binds MCHII and T cell receptors simultaneously
Causes polyclonal T cell expansion and cytokine storm
S.aureus
Strep Pyogenes (Group A strep)
Toxin both gram + and gram -
Exotoxin
Secreted from cell after being produced by bacteria
Polypeptide
Toxin gram - only
Endotoxin (LPS)
Toxin with high toxicity
Exotoxin
Toxin with low toxicity
Endotoxin
Tetanus
Botulism
Diptheria toxin
Exotoxin
Toxin of meningococcemia
Sepsis by gram - rods
Endotoxin
Type 3 secretion system injectisome
needle like delivery of toxins from gram - bacteria Pseudomonas Shigella Salmonella E.coli