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DIT/Boards > Fungi/Protozoa/Helminths > Flashcards

Fungi/Protozoa/Helminths Flashcards

1
Q

Associated with plant thorns and cutaneous injury

A

Sporthrix schenckii “rose gardeners disease”

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2
Q

Found in bird and bat droppings

A

Histoplasmosis

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3
Q

Mold form contains barrel-shaped arthroconidia

A

Coccidiodomycosis

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4
Q

Associated with dust storms

A

Coccidiodomycosis

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5
Q

Broad based budding

A

Blastomycosis

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6
Q

Multiple budding yeast form

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis

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7
Q

Latin America

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis

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8
Q

Captains wheel

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis

“Parasail to Latin American with the captain’s wheel”

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9
Q

Smaller than RBC

A

Histo

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10
Q

Same size as RBC

A

Blasto

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11
Q

Larger than RBC

A

Coccid

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12
Q

Infections associated with birds (5)

A 
Cryptococcus 
Histoplasma 
Chlamydophila psittaci 
West Nile 
H5N1
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13
Q

Treatment for Sporothrix schenckii

A

Itraconazole

Potassium iodide

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14
Q

Puppy bite

A

Yersinia

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15
Q

Animal urine

A

Leptospira

Hantavirus

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16
Q

Dimorphic fungi form at cold (20degrees) and warm (37degrees)

A 
Cold = mold 
Heat = yeast
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17
Q

What doesn’t form a yeast in tissue?

A

Coccidiodomycosis forms spherule

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18
Q

Spherule in tissue

A

Coccidiodomycosis

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19
Q

Infects macrophages

A

Histoplasmosis

“hides in macrophages”

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20
Q

Granulomatous nodules on skin

A

Blasto

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21
Q

Mycerial in soil

A

Coccidiodomycosis

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22
Q

Tinea dermatophyte classes

A

Microsporum
Trichophyton
Epidermophyton

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23
Q

Branching septae hyphae visible on KOH prep with blue fungal stain

A

Tinea (dermatophytes)
Microsporum
Trichophyton
Epidermophyton

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24
Q

Cause of onchomycosis (thickened discolored nails)

A

Tinea unguium

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25
Q

Cause of tinea versicolor

A

Malassezia furfur

Yeast like fungus

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26
Q

Hypo pigmented skin or pink patches
Scaling plaque but not puritic
In the summer

A

Tinea versicolor caused by malassezia furfur

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27
Q

Spaghetti and meatballs appearance

A

Tinea versicolor caused by malessezia furfur

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28
Q

Narrow septate hyphe branch at 45 degrees

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

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29
Q

AIDS patient with meningitis

A

Cryptococcus

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30
Q

Heavily encapsulated yeast

A

Cryptococcus

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31
Q

Tx of Cryptococcus

A

Amphoteracin B + Flucotosine (Fluconazole)

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32
Q

Stains with India ink

A

Cryptococcus

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33
Q

Latex agglutination detects polysaccharide capsule

A

Cryptococcus

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34
Q

Soap bubble lesions in the brain

A

Cryptococcus

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35
Q

Narrow based budding with wide capsular halos

A

Cryptococcus

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36
Q

Broad irregular nonspetae hype branch at 90 degrees wide

A

Mucor

Rhizopus

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37
Q

Fungal infection in DKA

A

Mucor/Rhizopus

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38
Q

Proliferate in blood vessels and penetrate cribriform plate

A

Mucor/Rhizopus

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39
Q

Frontal lobe abscess
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Black necrotic eschar on face
Cranial nerve involvement

A

Mucor/Rhizopus

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40
Q

Diffuse interstitial pneumonia in AIDS patients

A

PCP

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41
Q

Diffuse bilateral ground glass opacities on CXR

A

PCP

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42
Q

Disc shaped yeast on methenamine silver stain

A

PCP

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43
Q

Tx/Prophylaxis for PCP

A

TMP-SMX

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44
Q

Rose gardeners disease

A

Sporothrix Schneckii

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45
Q

Local pustule or ulcers draining along lymphatics

A

Sporothrix Schneckii

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46
Q

Double nuclei “owl’s eyes”

A

Giardia lambia

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47
Q

Transmission through cysts in water

A

Giardia

Enatmoeba

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48
Q

Bloody diarrhea with liver abscess
RUQ pain
Flask shaped ulcers

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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49
Q

Trophozites interfere with fat absorption

A

Giardia

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50
Q

Severe diarrhea in AIDS

Water diarrhea in IC

A

Cryptosporidum

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51
Q

Oocysts on acid fast stain

A

Cryptosporidum

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52
Q

Prevented by filtering facilities

A

Cryptosporidium

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53
Q

Narrow septate hyphe branch at 45 degrees

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

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54
Q

AIDS patient with meningitis

A

Cryptococcus

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55
Q

Heavily encapsulated yeast

A

Cryptococcus

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56
Q

Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis from swimming in freshwater lakes

A

Naegleria fowleri

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57
Q

Stains with India ink

A

Cryptococcus

58
Q

Latex agglutination detects polysaccharide capsule

A

Cryptococcus

59
Q

Soap bubble lesions in the brain

A

Cryptococcus

60
Q

Narrow based budding with wide capsular halos

A

Cryptococcus

61
Q

Broad irregular nonspetae hype branch at 90 degrees wide

A

Mucor

Rhizopus

62
Q

Fungal infection in DKA

A

Mucor/Rhizopus

63
Q

Proliferate in blood vessels and penetrate cribriform plate

A

Mucor/Rhizopus

64
Q

Frontal lobe abscess
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Black necrotic eschar on face
Cranial nerve involvement

A

Mucor/Rhizopus

65
Q

Diffuse interstitial pneumonia in AIDS patients

A

PCP

66
Q

Diffuse bilateral ground glass opacities on CXR

A

PCP

67
Q

Disc shaped yeast on methenamine silver stain

A

PCP

68
Q

Tx/Prophylaxis for PCP

A

TMP-SMX

69
Q

Rose gardeners disease

A

Sporothrix Schneckii

70
Q

Local pustule or ulcers draining along lymphatics

A

Sporothrix Schneckii

71
Q

Double nuclei “owl’s eyes”

A

Giardia lambia

72
Q

Transmission through cysts in water

A

Giardia

Enatmoeba

73
Q

Bloody diarrhea with liver abscess
RUQ pain
Flask shaped ulcers

A

Entamoeba histolytica

74
Q

Trophozites interfere with fat absorption

A

Giardia

75
Q

Severe diarrhea in AIDS

Water diarrhea in IC

A

Cryptosporidum

76
Q

Oocysts on acid fast stain

A

Cryptosporidum

77
Q

Prevented by filtering facilities

A

Cryptosporidium

78
Q

Chorioretinitis
Hydrocephalus
Intracranial calcifications

A

Toxoplasma gondii congenital infection

79
Q

Ring enhancing brain lesion in AIDS pt

A

Toxoplasma

80
Q

Tx of lice and scabies

A

Permethrin + Pyrethrin

81
Q

Enlarged lymph nodes
Recurring fevers (due to antigenic variation)
Somnolence
Coma

A

African sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma brucei
(want to keep it recurring with bruce)

82
Q

Tsetse fly with painful bite

A

African sleeping sickness

Trypanosoma brucei

83
Q

African sleeping sickness

Trypanosoma brucei Tx

A

Suramin for blood borne disease or melarsoprol for CNS penetration
(it SURe is nice to go to sleep with MELAtonin)

84
Q

Tranmission of malaria

A

Anopheles mosquito

85
Q

48 hr cycle of fever HA anemia and splenomegaly

A

P. vivax/ovale

Very short Ciruclar fevers

86
Q

72 hr cycle of fever HA anemia and splenomegaly

A

P.malariae

87
Q

Severe irregular fever patterns

Parsitized RBCs occlude capillaries in brain, kidneys and lungs

A

P.falciparum

longest name for worst one

88
Q

Banana shaped gametocyte

A

P. falciparum

89
Q

Diamond ring shaped

A

Early trophozoite

90
Q

Tx of malaria

A

Cholorquine + Primaquine with P.vivax/ovale

91
Q

Fever hemolytic anemia in Northeastern US

A

Babesiosis

92
Q

Transmission of babes

A

Ioxodes tick, often coinfection with lyme disease

93
Q

Ring form and maltese cross on blood smear

A

Babesia
Ring form = trophozoite
Maltese cross = merozoite

94
Q

Tx Babesia

A

Quinine + Clindamycin

95
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy
Megacolon
Megaesophagus

A

Chugs disease from Trypanosoma cruzi

96
Q

Transmission via reduviid bug
Kissing bug
Painless bite

A

T. cruzi

97
Q

Tx T.cruzi?

A

Benznidazole or nifurtimox

98
Q

Spiking fevers
Hepatosplenomegaly
Pancytopenia
Slowly healing ulcerating papules

A

Leishmania

99
Q

Dx via macrophages containing amastigotes which lack flagella

A

Leishmania

100
Q

Tx of Leishmania

A

Amphotericin B

101
Q

Twitching motility on wet mount

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

102
Q

Tx Trichomonas

A

Metronidazole

103
Q

Tx of lice and scabies

A

Permethrin + Pyrethrin

104
Q

Most common protozoal infection in US

A

Trichomonas

105
Q

Amoebic dysentery

A

Entamoeba histolytica

106
Q

Ingestion of larvae from raw freshwater fish

A

Diphyloobothrium latum

107
Q

What malaria form ruptures the cell host?

A

Metrozoite

108
Q

What malaria form looks like a diamond ring?

A

Trophozoite

109
Q

What malaria form replicates intracellularly

A

Schizont

110
Q

What malaria form is injected from the mosquito

A

Sphorozite

111
Q

Nematodes transmitted fecal-oral

A

“EAT”
Enterobius
Ascaris
Trichinella

112
Q

Nematodes transmitted from the soil

A 
"SAND" 
Strongolyoides 
Ancylostoma 
Necator 
Duh!
113
Q

Female worm lays egg at anus causing intense anal puritis and intestinal infection
+ scotch tape test

A

Enterobius

114
Q

Can cause Loffler Eosinophilic Pneumonia

A

Ascaris

115
Q

Pinworm

A

Enterobius

116
Q

Giant roundworm

A

Ascaris

117
Q

Epigastric pain

A

Strongyloides

118
Q

Anemia and abdominal discomfort

A

Ancylocstoma

Necator

119
Q

Hookworms

A

Ancylocstoma

Necator

120
Q

Undercooked meat nematode

A

Trichinella

121
Q

Encyst in striated muscle cells and cause infammation of muscle

A

Trichinella

122
Q 
Fever 
Vomiting 
Nausea 
Periorbital edema 
Myalgia
A

Trichinella

123
Q

Elphantitis

Hydrocele of scrotum

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

124
Q

Ingestion of larvae in undercooked pork

A

Taenia solium intestinal infection

125
Q

Enters intestine
Perforates and travels to the lungs
Swallowed and enters GI tract

A

Ascaris
Strongyloides
Ancylostoma
Necator

126
Q

Ingestion of Taenia sodium eggs

A

Cysticercosis

Neurocysticercosis = swiss cheese brain lesions

127
Q

Tx Taenia solium and Diphylloborthrium

A

Praziquantel

128
Q

Cestode/tapeworm caused Vit B12 deficiency

A

Diphyloobothrium latum

129
Q

Ingestion of larvae from raw freshwater fish

A

Diphyloobothrium latum

130
Q

Ingestion of egg from dog feces

A

Echinococcus granulosus

131
Q

Hydatid cysts in liver cause antigens if released

A

Echinococcus grnaulosus

132
Q

New immigrant with seizures altered mental status and other psych Sx brain cyts

A

Neurocysticercosis by Taenia solium

133
Q

Snails are intermediate host then penetrate skin of humans

A

Shistosoma

134
Q

Can lead to squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder

A

Shistosoma

135
Q

Egyptian immigrant with hematuria

A

Schistosoma

136
Q

Tx Schistosoma and Clonorchis

A

Praziquantel

137
Q

Ingestion from undercooked fish

A

Clonorchis sinesis

138
Q

Liver fluke

A

Clonorchis sinesis

139
Q

Biliary tract inflammation

Pigmentated gallstones

A

Clonorchis sinesis

140
Q

Associated with cholangiocarcinoma

A

Clonorchis sinesis

141
Q

Portal hypertension

Liver and spleen enlargement

A

Schistosoma

142
Q

Fungal rhinocerebral sinusitis

A

Invasive aspergillosis

Usually seen in immunocompromised patients

DIT/Boards (22 decks)

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