Fungi/Protozoa/Helminths Flashcards
Associated with plant thorns and cutaneous injury
Sporthrix schenckii “rose gardeners disease”
Found in bird and bat droppings
Histoplasmosis
Mold form contains barrel-shaped arthroconidia
Coccidiodomycosis
Associated with dust storms
Coccidiodomycosis
Broad based budding
Blastomycosis
Multiple budding yeast form
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Latin America
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Captains wheel
Paracoccidioidomycosis
“Parasail to Latin American with the captain’s wheel”
Smaller than RBC
Histo
Same size as RBC
Blasto
Larger than RBC
Coccid
Infections associated with birds (5)
Cryptococcus Histoplasma Chlamydophila psittaci West Nile H5N1
Treatment for Sporothrix schenckii
Itraconazole
Potassium iodide
Puppy bite
Yersinia
Animal urine
Leptospira
Hantavirus
Dimorphic fungi form at cold (20degrees) and warm (37degrees)
Cold = mold Heat = yeast
What doesn’t form a yeast in tissue?
Coccidiodomycosis forms spherule
Spherule in tissue
Coccidiodomycosis
Infects macrophages
Histoplasmosis
“hides in macrophages”
Granulomatous nodules on skin
Blasto
Mycerial in soil
Coccidiodomycosis
Tinea dermatophyte classes
Microsporum
Trichophyton
Epidermophyton
Branching septae hyphae visible on KOH prep with blue fungal stain
Tinea (dermatophytes)
Microsporum
Trichophyton
Epidermophyton
Cause of onchomycosis (thickened discolored nails)
Tinea unguium
Cause of tinea versicolor
Malassezia furfur
Yeast like fungus
Hypo pigmented skin or pink patches
Scaling plaque but not puritic
In the summer
Tinea versicolor caused by malassezia furfur
Spaghetti and meatballs appearance
Tinea versicolor caused by malessezia furfur
Narrow septate hyphe branch at 45 degrees
Aspergillus fumigatus
AIDS patient with meningitis
Cryptococcus
Heavily encapsulated yeast
Cryptococcus
Tx of Cryptococcus
Amphoteracin B + Flucotosine (Fluconazole)
Stains with India ink
Cryptococcus
Latex agglutination detects polysaccharide capsule
Cryptococcus
Soap bubble lesions in the brain
Cryptococcus
Narrow based budding with wide capsular halos
Cryptococcus
Broad irregular nonspetae hype branch at 90 degrees wide
Mucor
Rhizopus
Fungal infection in DKA
Mucor/Rhizopus
Proliferate in blood vessels and penetrate cribriform plate
Mucor/Rhizopus
Frontal lobe abscess
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Black necrotic eschar on face
Cranial nerve involvement
Mucor/Rhizopus
Diffuse interstitial pneumonia in AIDS patients
PCP
Diffuse bilateral ground glass opacities on CXR
PCP
Disc shaped yeast on methenamine silver stain
PCP
Tx/Prophylaxis for PCP
TMP-SMX
Rose gardeners disease
Sporothrix Schneckii
Local pustule or ulcers draining along lymphatics
Sporothrix Schneckii
Double nuclei “owl’s eyes”
Giardia lambia
Transmission through cysts in water
Giardia
Enatmoeba
Bloody diarrhea with liver abscess
RUQ pain
Flask shaped ulcers
Entamoeba histolytica
Trophozites interfere with fat absorption
Giardia
Severe diarrhea in AIDS
Water diarrhea in IC
Cryptosporidum
Oocysts on acid fast stain
Cryptosporidum
Prevented by filtering facilities
Cryptosporidium
Narrow septate hyphe branch at 45 degrees
Aspergillus fumigatus
AIDS patient with meningitis
Cryptococcus
Heavily encapsulated yeast
Cryptococcus
Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis from swimming in freshwater lakes
Naegleria fowleri
Stains with India ink
Cryptococcus
Latex agglutination detects polysaccharide capsule
Cryptococcus
Soap bubble lesions in the brain
Cryptococcus
Narrow based budding with wide capsular halos
Cryptococcus
Broad irregular nonspetae hype branch at 90 degrees wide
Mucor
Rhizopus
Fungal infection in DKA
Mucor/Rhizopus
Proliferate in blood vessels and penetrate cribriform plate
Mucor/Rhizopus
Frontal lobe abscess
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Black necrotic eschar on face
Cranial nerve involvement
Mucor/Rhizopus
Diffuse interstitial pneumonia in AIDS patients
PCP
Diffuse bilateral ground glass opacities on CXR
PCP
Disc shaped yeast on methenamine silver stain
PCP
Tx/Prophylaxis for PCP
TMP-SMX
Rose gardeners disease
Sporothrix Schneckii
Local pustule or ulcers draining along lymphatics
Sporothrix Schneckii
Double nuclei “owl’s eyes”
Giardia lambia
Transmission through cysts in water
Giardia
Enatmoeba
Bloody diarrhea with liver abscess
RUQ pain
Flask shaped ulcers
Entamoeba histolytica
Trophozites interfere with fat absorption
Giardia
Severe diarrhea in AIDS
Water diarrhea in IC
Cryptosporidum
Oocysts on acid fast stain
Cryptosporidum
Prevented by filtering facilities
Cryptosporidium
Chorioretinitis
Hydrocephalus
Intracranial calcifications
Toxoplasma gondii congenital infection
Ring enhancing brain lesion in AIDS pt
Toxoplasma
Tx of lice and scabies
Permethrin + Pyrethrin
Enlarged lymph nodes
Recurring fevers (due to antigenic variation)
Somnolence
Coma
African sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma brucei
(want to keep it recurring with bruce)
Tsetse fly with painful bite
African sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma brucei
African sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma brucei Tx
Suramin for blood borne disease or melarsoprol for CNS penetration
(it SURe is nice to go to sleep with MELAtonin)
Tranmission of malaria
Anopheles mosquito
48 hr cycle of fever HA anemia and splenomegaly
P. vivax/ovale
Very short Ciruclar fevers
72 hr cycle of fever HA anemia and splenomegaly
P.malariae
Severe irregular fever patterns
Parsitized RBCs occlude capillaries in brain, kidneys and lungs
P.falciparum
longest name for worst one
Banana shaped gametocyte
P. falciparum
Diamond ring shaped
Early trophozoite
Tx of malaria
Cholorquine + Primaquine with P.vivax/ovale
Fever hemolytic anemia in Northeastern US
Babesiosis
Transmission of babes
Ioxodes tick, often coinfection with lyme disease
Ring form and maltese cross on blood smear
Babesia
Ring form = trophozoite
Maltese cross = merozoite
Tx Babesia
Quinine + Clindamycin
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Megacolon
Megaesophagus
Chugs disease from Trypanosoma cruzi
Transmission via reduviid bug
Kissing bug
Painless bite
T. cruzi
Tx T.cruzi?
Benznidazole or nifurtimox
Spiking fevers
Hepatosplenomegaly
Pancytopenia
Slowly healing ulcerating papules
Leishmania
Dx via macrophages containing amastigotes which lack flagella
Leishmania
Tx of Leishmania
Amphotericin B
Twitching motility on wet mount
Trichomonas vaginalis
Tx Trichomonas
Metronidazole
Tx of lice and scabies
Permethrin + Pyrethrin
Most common protozoal infection in US
Trichomonas
Amoebic dysentery
Entamoeba histolytica
Ingestion of larvae from raw freshwater fish
Diphyloobothrium latum
What malaria form ruptures the cell host?
Metrozoite
What malaria form looks like a diamond ring?
Trophozoite
What malaria form replicates intracellularly
Schizont
What malaria form is injected from the mosquito
Sphorozite
Nematodes transmitted fecal-oral
“EAT”
Enterobius
Ascaris
Trichinella
Nematodes transmitted from the soil
"SAND" Strongolyoides Ancylostoma Necator Duh!
Female worm lays egg at anus causing intense anal puritis and intestinal infection
+ scotch tape test
Enterobius
Can cause Loffler Eosinophilic Pneumonia
Ascaris
Pinworm
Enterobius
Giant roundworm
Ascaris
Epigastric pain
Strongyloides
Anemia and abdominal discomfort
Ancylocstoma
Necator
Hookworms
Ancylocstoma
Necator
Undercooked meat nematode
Trichinella
Encyst in striated muscle cells and cause infammation of muscle
Trichinella
Fever Vomiting Nausea Periorbital edema Myalgia
Trichinella
Elphantitis
Hydrocele of scrotum
Wuchereria bancrofti
Ingestion of larvae in undercooked pork
Taenia solium intestinal infection
Enters intestine
Perforates and travels to the lungs
Swallowed and enters GI tract
Ascaris
Strongyloides
Ancylostoma
Necator
Ingestion of Taenia sodium eggs
Cysticercosis
Neurocysticercosis = swiss cheese brain lesions
Tx Taenia solium and Diphylloborthrium
Praziquantel
Cestode/tapeworm caused Vit B12 deficiency
Diphyloobothrium latum
Ingestion of larvae from raw freshwater fish
Diphyloobothrium latum
Ingestion of egg from dog feces
Echinococcus granulosus
Hydatid cysts in liver cause antigens if released
Echinococcus grnaulosus
New immigrant with seizures altered mental status and other psych Sx brain cyts
Neurocysticercosis by Taenia solium
Snails are intermediate host then penetrate skin of humans
Shistosoma
Can lead to squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder
Shistosoma
Egyptian immigrant with hematuria
Schistosoma
Tx Schistosoma and Clonorchis
Praziquantel
Ingestion from undercooked fish
Clonorchis sinesis
Liver fluke
Clonorchis sinesis
Biliary tract inflammation
Pigmentated gallstones
Clonorchis sinesis
Associated with cholangiocarcinoma
Clonorchis sinesis
Portal hypertension
Liver and spleen enlargement
Schistosoma
Fungal rhinocerebral sinusitis
Invasive aspergillosis
Usually seen in immunocompromised patients