Fungi/Protozoa/Helminths Flashcards
1
Q
Associated with plant thorns and cutaneous injury
A
Sporthrix schenckii “rose gardeners disease”
2
Q
Found in bird and bat droppings
A
Histoplasmosis
3
Q
Mold form contains barrel-shaped arthroconidia
A
Coccidiodomycosis
4
Q
Associated with dust storms
A
Coccidiodomycosis
5
Q
Broad based budding
A
Blastomycosis
6
Q
Multiple budding yeast form
A
Paracoccidioidomycosis
7
Q
Latin America
A
Paracoccidioidomycosis
8
Q
Captains wheel
A
Paracoccidioidomycosis
“Parasail to Latin American with the captain’s wheel”
9
Q
Smaller than RBC
A
Histo
10
Q
Same size as RBC
A
Blasto
11
Q
Larger than RBC
A
Coccid
12
Q
Infections associated with birds (5)
A
Cryptococcus Histoplasma Chlamydophila psittaci West Nile H5N1
13
Q
Treatment for Sporothrix schenckii
A
Itraconazole
Potassium iodide
14
Q
Puppy bite
A
Yersinia
15
Q
Animal urine
A
Leptospira
Hantavirus
16
Q
Dimorphic fungi form at cold (20degrees) and warm (37degrees)
A
Cold = mold Heat = yeast
17
Q
What doesn’t form a yeast in tissue?
A
Coccidiodomycosis forms spherule
18
Q
Spherule in tissue
A
Coccidiodomycosis
19
Q
Infects macrophages
A
Histoplasmosis
“hides in macrophages”
20
Q
Granulomatous nodules on skin
A
Blasto
21
Q
Mycerial in soil
A
Coccidiodomycosis
22
Q
Tinea dermatophyte classes
A
Microsporum
Trichophyton
Epidermophyton
23
Q
Branching septae hyphae visible on KOH prep with blue fungal stain
A
Tinea (dermatophytes)
Microsporum
Trichophyton
Epidermophyton
24
Q
Cause of onchomycosis (thickened discolored nails)
A
Tinea unguium
25
Cause of tinea versicolor
Malassezia furfur
| Yeast like fungus
26
Hypo pigmented skin or pink patches
Scaling plaque but not puritic
In the summer
Tinea versicolor caused by malassezia furfur
27
Spaghetti and meatballs appearance
Tinea versicolor caused by malessezia furfur
28
Narrow septate hyphe branch at 45 degrees
Aspergillus fumigatus
29
AIDS patient with meningitis
Cryptococcus
30
Heavily encapsulated yeast
Cryptococcus
31
Tx of Cryptococcus
Amphoteracin B + Flucotosine (Fluconazole)
32
Stains with India ink
Cryptococcus
33
Latex agglutination detects polysaccharide capsule
Cryptococcus
34
Soap bubble lesions in the brain
Cryptococcus
35
Narrow based budding with wide capsular halos
Cryptococcus
36
Broad irregular nonspetae hype branch at 90 degrees wide
Mucor
| Rhizopus
37
Fungal infection in DKA
Mucor/Rhizopus
38
Proliferate in blood vessels and penetrate cribriform plate
Mucor/Rhizopus
39
Frontal lobe abscess
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Black necrotic eschar on face
Cranial nerve involvement
Mucor/Rhizopus
40
Diffuse interstitial pneumonia in AIDS patients
PCP
41
Diffuse bilateral ground glass opacities on CXR
PCP
42
Disc shaped yeast on methenamine silver stain
PCP
43
Tx/Prophylaxis for PCP
TMP-SMX
44
Rose gardeners disease
Sporothrix Schneckii
45
Local pustule or ulcers draining along lymphatics
Sporothrix Schneckii
46
Double nuclei "owl's eyes"
Giardia lambia
47
Transmission through cysts in water
Giardia
| Enatmoeba
48
Bloody diarrhea with liver abscess
RUQ pain
Flask shaped ulcers
Entamoeba histolytica
49
Trophozites interfere with fat absorption
Giardia
50
Severe diarrhea in AIDS
| Water diarrhea in IC
Cryptosporidum
51
Oocysts on acid fast stain
Cryptosporidum
52
Prevented by filtering facilities
Cryptosporidium
53
Narrow septate hyphe branch at 45 degrees
Aspergillus fumigatus
54
AIDS patient with meningitis
Cryptococcus
55
Heavily encapsulated yeast
Cryptococcus
56
Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis from swimming in freshwater lakes
Naegleria fowleri
57
Stains with India ink
Cryptococcus
58
Latex agglutination detects polysaccharide capsule
Cryptococcus
59
Soap bubble lesions in the brain
Cryptococcus
60
Narrow based budding with wide capsular halos
Cryptococcus
61
Broad irregular nonspetae hype branch at 90 degrees wide
Mucor
| Rhizopus
62
Fungal infection in DKA
Mucor/Rhizopus
63
Proliferate in blood vessels and penetrate cribriform plate
Mucor/Rhizopus
64
Frontal lobe abscess
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Black necrotic eschar on face
Cranial nerve involvement
Mucor/Rhizopus
65
Diffuse interstitial pneumonia in AIDS patients
PCP
66
Diffuse bilateral ground glass opacities on CXR
PCP
67
Disc shaped yeast on methenamine silver stain
PCP
68
Tx/Prophylaxis for PCP
TMP-SMX
69
Rose gardeners disease
Sporothrix Schneckii
70
Local pustule or ulcers draining along lymphatics
Sporothrix Schneckii
71
Double nuclei "owl's eyes"
Giardia lambia
72
Transmission through cysts in water
Giardia
| Enatmoeba
73
Bloody diarrhea with liver abscess
RUQ pain
Flask shaped ulcers
Entamoeba histolytica
74
Trophozites interfere with fat absorption
Giardia
75
Severe diarrhea in AIDS
| Water diarrhea in IC
Cryptosporidum
76
Oocysts on acid fast stain
Cryptosporidum
77
Prevented by filtering facilities
Cryptosporidium
78
Chorioretinitis
Hydrocephalus
Intracranial calcifications
Toxoplasma gondii congenital infection
79
Ring enhancing brain lesion in AIDS pt
Toxoplasma
80
Tx of lice and scabies
Permethrin + Pyrethrin
81
Enlarged lymph nodes
Recurring fevers (due to antigenic variation)
Somnolence
Coma
African sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma brucei
(want to keep it recurring with bruce)
82
Tsetse fly with painful bite
African sleeping sickness
| Trypanosoma brucei
83
African sleeping sickness
| Trypanosoma brucei Tx
Suramin for blood borne disease or melarsoprol for CNS penetration
(it SURe is nice to go to sleep with MELAtonin)
84
Tranmission of malaria
Anopheles mosquito
85
48 hr cycle of fever HA anemia and splenomegaly
P. vivax/ovale
| Very short Ciruclar fevers
86
72 hr cycle of fever HA anemia and splenomegaly
P.malariae
87
Severe irregular fever patterns
| Parsitized RBCs occlude capillaries in brain, kidneys and lungs
P.falciparum
| longest name for worst one
88
Banana shaped gametocyte
P. falciparum
89
Diamond ring shaped
Early trophozoite
90
Tx of malaria
Cholorquine + Primaquine with P.vivax/ovale
91
Fever hemolytic anemia in Northeastern US
Babesiosis
92
Transmission of babes
Ioxodes tick, often coinfection with lyme disease
93
Ring form and maltese cross on blood smear
Babesia
Ring form = trophozoite
Maltese cross = merozoite
94
Tx Babesia
Quinine + Clindamycin
95
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Megacolon
Megaesophagus
Chugs disease from Trypanosoma cruzi
96
Transmission via reduviid bug
Kissing bug
Painless bite
T. cruzi
97
Tx T.cruzi?
Benznidazole or nifurtimox
98
Spiking fevers
Hepatosplenomegaly
Pancytopenia
Slowly healing ulcerating papules
Leishmania
99
Dx via macrophages containing amastigotes which lack flagella
Leishmania
100
Tx of Leishmania
Amphotericin B
101
Twitching motility on wet mount
Trichomonas vaginalis
102
Tx Trichomonas
Metronidazole
103
Tx of lice and scabies
Permethrin + Pyrethrin
104
Most common protozoal infection in US
Trichomonas
105
Amoebic dysentery
Entamoeba histolytica
106
Ingestion of larvae from raw freshwater fish
Diphyloobothrium latum
107
What malaria form ruptures the cell host?
Metrozoite
108
What malaria form looks like a diamond ring?
Trophozoite
109
What malaria form replicates intracellularly
Schizont
110
What malaria form is injected from the mosquito
Sphorozite
111
Nematodes transmitted fecal-oral
"EAT"
Enterobius
Ascaris
Trichinella
112
Nematodes transmitted from the soil
```
"SAND"
Strongolyoides
Ancylostoma
Necator
Duh!
```
113
Female worm lays egg at anus causing intense anal puritis and intestinal infection
+ scotch tape test
Enterobius
114
Can cause Loffler Eosinophilic Pneumonia
Ascaris
115
Pinworm
Enterobius
116
Giant roundworm
Ascaris
117
Epigastric pain
Strongyloides
118
Anemia and abdominal discomfort
Ancylocstoma
| Necator
119
Hookworms
Ancylocstoma
| Necator
120
Undercooked meat nematode
Trichinella
121
Encyst in striated muscle cells and cause infammation of muscle
Trichinella
122
```
Fever
Vomiting
Nausea
Periorbital edema
Myalgia
```
Trichinella
123
Elphantitis
| Hydrocele of scrotum
Wuchereria bancrofti
124
Ingestion of larvae in undercooked pork
Taenia solium intestinal infection
125
Enters intestine
Perforates and travels to the lungs
Swallowed and enters GI tract
Ascaris
Strongyloides
Ancylostoma
Necator
126
Ingestion of Taenia sodium eggs
Cysticercosis
| Neurocysticercosis = swiss cheese brain lesions
127
Tx Taenia solium and Diphylloborthrium
Praziquantel
128
Cestode/tapeworm caused Vit B12 deficiency
Diphyloobothrium latum
129
Ingestion of larvae from raw freshwater fish
Diphyloobothrium latum
130
Ingestion of egg from dog feces
Echinococcus granulosus
131
Hydatid cysts in liver cause antigens if released
Echinococcus grnaulosus
132
New immigrant with seizures altered mental status and other psych Sx brain cyts
Neurocysticercosis by Taenia solium
133
Snails are intermediate host then penetrate skin of humans
Shistosoma
134
Can lead to squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder
Shistosoma
135
Egyptian immigrant with hematuria
Schistosoma
136
Tx Schistosoma and Clonorchis
Praziquantel
137
Ingestion from undercooked fish
Clonorchis sinesis
138
Liver fluke
Clonorchis sinesis
139
Biliary tract inflammation
| Pigmentated gallstones
Clonorchis sinesis
140
Associated with cholangiocarcinoma
Clonorchis sinesis
141
Portal hypertension
| Liver and spleen enlargement
Schistosoma
142
Fungal rhinocerebral sinusitis
Invasive aspergillosis
| Usually seen in immunocompromised patients
