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DIT/Boards > June 10th > Flashcards

June 10th Flashcards

1
Q

Anti-desmoglien Ab

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

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2
Q

Conjuctivits, coryza, cough, fever

A

Measels

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3
Q

Councilman bodies

A

Apoptotic liver cells
Viral hepatitis
Yellow fever

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4
Q

Green yellow pigment in corneosclera margin

A

Keyser Fleisher rings

Wilsons disease

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5
Q

Anticentromere Ab

A

CREST Scleroderma

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6
Q

Dementia + eosinophilic inclusions in neurons

A

Lewey Body Dementia

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7
Q

Anti-dsDNA Ab

A

Lupus Nephritis

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8
Q

SE of Orlistat

A

Steatorrhea
GI discomfort
Decreased absorb fat soluble vitamins

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9
Q

Enzyme that converts glucose to sorbitol

A

Aldose reductase

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10
Q

Spectrum of Metronidazole

A 
"GET GAP on the Metro"
Giardia 
Enatmoeba
Trichomonas 
Gardnerella 
Anaerobic bacteria 
P H.pylori
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11
Q

Chorioretinitis
Hydrocephalus
Intracranial calcifications

A

Classic Triad of Congenital Toxoplasmosis

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12
Q

Ring enhancing lesion on CT/MRI in AIDs patient

A

Primary CNS Lymphoma or
Toxoplasma gondii
Must biopsy to differentiate

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13
Q

Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis form swimming in freshwater lakes

A

Naegleria fowleri

“Nalgene bottle filled with fresh lake water”

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14
Q

Triad of Chagas Disease

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy
Megacolon
Megaesophagus

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15
Q

Transmission of Chagas

A

South American Reduviid bug

Painless bite

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16
Q

Strawberry tongue

A

Scarlet fever
Kawasaki Disease
(Toxic Shock Syndrome)

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17
Q

Rash on palms and soles

A

Secondary syphilis
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Coxsackie A

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18
Q

What does tumor grade convey?

A

The degree of cellular differentiation and mitotic activity on histology

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19
Q

What does the tumor stage convey?

A 
Stage = spread 
Includes the TNM staging system of 
T= tumor size 
N = node involvement 
M= metastasis
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20
Q

Is stage or grade more important for treatment and prognosis?

A

Stage

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21
Q

Which mets can be blastic?

A

Prostate mets

Breast mets can be lytic or blastic

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22
Q

Common mets to the brain

A 
"Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia"
Lung 
Breast 
Skin (melanoma) 
Kidney 
GI
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23
Q

Common mets to the liver

A 
"Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver" 
Colon 
Stomach 
Pancreas
Breast 
Lung
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24
Q

Common mets to the bone

A 
"Permanently Relocated Tumors Like Bone"
Prostate 
Renal 
Thyroid 
Lung 
Breast
25
How does MM cause hypercalcemia
Secretes local osteolytic factors that cause lytic bone lesions and lead to hypercalcemia
26
Small Cell Lung CA Paraneoplastic syndromes
ACTH (Cushings) ADH (SIADH) Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (induces Ab formation against presynaptic Ca channels at NMJ improves with use)
27
HyperCA paraneoplastic syndrome
Squamous cell lung cancer Renal cell carcinoma Breast cancer
28
What cancers secrete the active form of Vit D?
Hodgkin lymphomas and non-Hodgkin Lymphomas causes hypercalcemia
29
Cancers releasing EPO? Causes what?
``` Results in polycythemia "Potentially Really High Hematocrit" Pheochromocytoma Renal cell carcinoma Hepatocellular carcinoma Hemangioblastoma ```
30
Heavy bleeding from uterine fibroids but not anemic?
Uterine fibroids leiomyoma are secreting EPO
31
What mediates cachexia?
TNF-a by increasing the basal metabolic rate
32
Psammoma bodies found in
``` "PSMM" Papillary carcinoma of thyroid Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary Meningioma Malignant mesothelioma ```
33
Most common causes of hypocalcemia
``` Vit D deficiency Chronic renal disease Parathryoidectomy Autoimmune destruction of Parathyroid DiGeorge Pseudohypoparathyoird Acute pancreatitis ```
34
Marginal cell lymphoma associations
Hashimotos Sjogrens H.pylori (MALToma)
35
Where is iron stored in cells and in blood?
Cells: myoglobin and ferritin Blood: hemoglobin and transferrin
36
How does RB regulate the cell cycle?
Cyclin D binds CDK4 which phosphorylates the RB protein comes unbound from E2F allowing cell progression from G1-S phase
37
How many mutated alleles are required or tumor suppressor genes to cause cancer
2 alleles | TWOmor
38
APC gene mutation
Familial adenomatous polypsosis CA
39
KRAS mutation
Colon, lung and pancreatic | Kolon, panKreatic
40
HRAS mutation
Bladder and kidney tumors | Hematuria
41
NRAS mutation
Melanomas, hematologic malignancies, follicular thyroid cancer
42
RET oncogene mutation
MEN 2A and 2B Medullary thyroid cancer Pheochromocytoma (Also papillary thyroid cancer)
43
How many alleles of oncogene need to be mutated for cancer?
1 allele | ONEcogene
44
Nitrosamine associated CA
Esophageal Gastric Colon Ca
45
2-Naphthalene exposure
Transitional cell bladder cancer
46
Shistosoma
Squamous cell carcinoma of bladder
47
Benzene exposure
Leukemia | Hodgkin Lymphoma
48
Asbestosis exposure
Brochogneic carcinoma > Asbestoiss
49
Vinyl choloride exposure
Angiosarcoma
50
Arsenic exposure
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lung Cancer Angiosarcoma
51
Elevated Alk Phos
Mets to bone | Paget disease of bone
52
Elevated AFP
``` Hepatocellular carcinoma (think fetal protein producer) Testicular tumors ```
53
Elevated CA19-9
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
54
Elevated CEA
Colorectal | Pancreatic CA
55
Elevated PSA
Prostate CA | Also elevated in BPH and prostatitis
56
Elevated S-100
Melanoma | Schwannoma
57
What hormone increases blood glucose level and decreases protein synthesis?
Cortisol
58
What hormone stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone synthesis in maless?
LH
59
50 y/o woman complains of double vision, amenorrhea, headaches, Dx?
Prolactinoma

DIT/Boards (22 decks)

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