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DIT/Boards > June 10th > Flashcards

June 10th Flashcards

1
Q

Anti-desmoglien Ab

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

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2
Q

Conjuctivits, coryza, cough, fever

A

Measels

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3
Q

Councilman bodies

A

Apoptotic liver cells
Viral hepatitis
Yellow fever

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4
Q

Green yellow pigment in corneosclera margin

A

Keyser Fleisher rings

Wilsons disease

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5
Q

Anticentromere Ab

A

CREST Scleroderma

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6
Q

Dementia + eosinophilic inclusions in neurons

A

Lewey Body Dementia

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7
Q

Anti-dsDNA Ab

A

Lupus Nephritis

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8
Q

SE of Orlistat

A

Steatorrhea
GI discomfort
Decreased absorb fat soluble vitamins

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9
Q

Enzyme that converts glucose to sorbitol

A

Aldose reductase

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10
Q

Spectrum of Metronidazole

A 
"GET GAP on the Metro"
Giardia 
Enatmoeba
Trichomonas 
Gardnerella 
Anaerobic bacteria 
P H.pylori
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11
Q

Chorioretinitis
Hydrocephalus
Intracranial calcifications

A

Classic Triad of Congenital Toxoplasmosis

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12
Q

Ring enhancing lesion on CT/MRI in AIDs patient

A

Primary CNS Lymphoma or
Toxoplasma gondii
Must biopsy to differentiate

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13
Q

Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis form swimming in freshwater lakes

A

Naegleria fowleri

“Nalgene bottle filled with fresh lake water”

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14
Q

Triad of Chagas Disease

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy
Megacolon
Megaesophagus

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15
Q

Transmission of Chagas

A

South American Reduviid bug

Painless bite

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16
Q

Strawberry tongue

A

Scarlet fever
Kawasaki Disease
(Toxic Shock Syndrome)

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17
Q

Rash on palms and soles

A

Secondary syphilis
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Coxsackie A

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18
Q

What does tumor grade convey?

A

The degree of cellular differentiation and mitotic activity on histology

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19
Q

What does the tumor stage convey?

A 
Stage = spread 
Includes the TNM staging system of 
T= tumor size 
N = node involvement 
M= metastasis
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20
Q

Is stage or grade more important for treatment and prognosis?

A

Stage

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21
Q

Which mets can be blastic?

A

Prostate mets

Breast mets can be lytic or blastic

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22
Q

Common mets to the brain

A 
"Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia"
Lung 
Breast 
Skin (melanoma) 
Kidney 
GI
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23
Q

Common mets to the liver

A 
"Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver" 
Colon 
Stomach 
Pancreas
Breast 
Lung
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24
Q

Common mets to the bone

A 
"Permanently Relocated Tumors Like Bone"
Prostate 
Renal 
Thyroid 
Lung 
Breast
25
Q

How does MM cause hypercalcemia

A

Secretes local osteolytic factors that cause lytic bone lesions and lead to hypercalcemia

26
Q

Small Cell Lung CA Paraneoplastic syndromes

A

ACTH (Cushings)
ADH (SIADH)
Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (induces Ab formation against presynaptic Ca channels at NMJ improves with use)

27
Q

HyperCA paraneoplastic syndrome

A

Squamous cell lung cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Breast cancer

28
Q

What cancers secrete the active form of Vit D?

A

Hodgkin lymphomas and non-Hodgkin Lymphomas causes hypercalcemia

29
Q

Cancers releasing EPO? Causes what?

A 
Results in polycythemia 
"Potentially Really High Hematocrit" 
Pheochromocytoma 
Renal cell carcinoma 
Hepatocellular carcinoma 
Hemangioblastoma
30
Q

Heavy bleeding from uterine fibroids but not anemic?

A

Uterine fibroids leiomyoma are secreting EPO

31
Q

What mediates cachexia?

A

TNF-a by increasing the basal metabolic rate

32
Q

Psammoma bodies found in

A 
"PSMM"
Papillary carcinoma of thyroid 
Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary 
Meningioma 
Malignant mesothelioma
33
Q

Most common causes of hypocalcemia

A 
Vit D deficiency 
Chronic renal disease 
Parathryoidectomy 
Autoimmune destruction of Parathyroid 
DiGeorge 
Pseudohypoparathyoird 
Acute pancreatitis
34
Q

Marginal cell lymphoma associations

A

Hashimotos
Sjogrens
H.pylori (MALToma)

35
Q

Where is iron stored in cells and in blood?

A

Cells: myoglobin and ferritin
Blood: hemoglobin and transferrin

36
Q

How does RB regulate the cell cycle?

A

Cyclin D binds CDK4 which phosphorylates the RB protein comes unbound from E2F allowing cell progression from G1-S phase

37
Q

How many mutated alleles are required or tumor suppressor genes to cause cancer

A

2 alleles

TWOmor

38
Q

APC gene mutation

A

Familial adenomatous polypsosis CA

39
Q

KRAS mutation

A

Colon, lung and pancreatic

Kolon, panKreatic

40
Q

HRAS mutation

A

Bladder and kidney tumors

Hematuria

41
Q

NRAS mutation

A

Melanomas, hematologic malignancies, follicular thyroid cancer

42
Q

RET oncogene mutation

A

MEN 2A and 2B
Medullary thyroid cancer
Pheochromocytoma
(Also papillary thyroid cancer)

43
Q

How many alleles of oncogene need to be mutated for cancer?

A

1 allele

ONEcogene

44
Q

Nitrosamine associated CA

A

Esophageal
Gastric
Colon Ca

45
Q

2-Naphthalene exposure

A

Transitional cell bladder cancer

46
Q

Shistosoma

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of bladder

47
Q

Benzene exposure

A

Leukemia

Hodgkin Lymphoma

48
Q

Asbestosis exposure

A

Brochogneic carcinoma > Asbestoiss

49
Q

Vinyl choloride exposure

A

Angiosarcoma

50
Q

Arsenic exposure

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Lung Cancer
Angiosarcoma

51
Q

Elevated Alk Phos

A

Mets to bone

Paget disease of bone

52
Q

Elevated AFP

A 
Hepatocellular carcinoma (think fetal protein producer) 
Testicular tumors
53
Q

Elevated CA19-9

A

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

54
Q

Elevated CEA

A

Colorectal

Pancreatic CA

55
Q

Elevated PSA

A

Prostate CA

Also elevated in BPH and prostatitis

56
Q

Elevated S-100

A

Melanoma

Schwannoma

57
Q

What hormone increases blood glucose level and decreases protein synthesis?

58
Q

What hormone stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone synthesis in maless?

59
Q

50 y/o woman complains of double vision, amenorrhea, headaches, Dx?

A

Prolactinoma

DIT/Boards (22 decks)

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