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DIT/Boards > Cancer Drugs > Flashcards

Cancer Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Inhibits DHF reductase of pyrimidine synthesis

A

Methotrexate

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2
Q

Three uses for MTX

A

1) Anti-cancer: leukemias (ALL), lymphomas, sarcomas
2) Uterine pathology: Hydatidiform mole, choriocarcinoma
3) Immunosuppression: RA and psoriasis

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3
Q

What rescues MTX and from what?

A

Leucovorin allows for the myelosuppresion of MTX to be reversible
Derivative of THF which bypasses the inhibited DHF reductase

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4
Q

Bone marrow suppression
Pulmonary toxicity
Tetratogenic

A

MTX

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5
Q

Inhibits thymidylate synthase

A

5-Fluorouracil

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6
Q

Used for colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis

A

5-Fluorouracil

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7
Q

What rescues 5-FU and from what?

A

Uridine rescues F-FU from bone marrow suppression

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8
Q

Photosensitivity

A

5-FU

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9
Q

What other drugs act at the same spot as MTX?

A

TMP

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10
Q

Inhibits DNA polymerase as a pyrimidine analog

A

Cytarabine

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11
Q

Inhibits PRPP amidotransferase portion of purine synthesis

A

6-Mercaptopurine
6-Thioguanine
Azathioprine

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12
Q

This will increase 6-Mercaptopurine toxicity

Name the drug, the enzyme and the toxicity

A

6-MP is metabolized by xanthine oxidase

Allopurinol (gout drug) inhibits xanthine oxidase and will increase myelosuppression

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13
Q

What drug is metabolized by xanthine oxidase and what drug in the same class isn’t?

A

6-MP metabolized by xanthine oxidase

6-thioguanine is not! (can be coadmistered with allopurinol)

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14
Q

Induces free radical formation causing breaks in DNA strands

A

Bleomycin

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15
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis

A

MTX (pulm tox)
Bleomycin
Busulfan

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16
Q

Dactinomycin MOA

A

Intercalates DNA

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17
Q

Used to tx rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilm’s tumor and Ewing sarcoma

A

Dactinomycin

“kids ACT out give them dACTinomycin”

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18
Q

Generate free radicals

Intercalate into DNA

A

Doxorubicin
Daunorubicin
(Anthracyclines)

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19
Q

Cardiotoxicity

A

Anthracyclines (Doxorubicin Daunorubicin)

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20
Q

What saves Anthracyclines and from what

A

Using Dexrazoxane with doxorubicin/daunarubicin acts to decrease free radical formation and thus cardiotoxicity

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21
Q

Why is the mechanism of cardiotoxicity?

A

doxorubicin/daunarubicin create oxygen free radical sad the heart is suspceptible to free radical damage due to decreased superoxide dismutase

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22
Q

Alkylating agents (4)

A

Busulfan
Cyclophosphamide
Nitrosureas (Carmustine)
Cisplatin

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23
Q

What drug requires liver bioactivation?

A

Cyclophosphamide

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24
Q

What cancer drug is also used in immunosuppression in lupus nephritis and polyarteritis nodosa?

A

Cyclophosphamide

25
Q

Increased risk of transitional cell cancer of bladder

A

Cyclophosphamide

26
Q

What rescues cyclophosphamide and from what

A

MESNA recues cyclophosphamide from hemorrhagic cystitis due to acrolein (metabolite accumulation)

27
Q

What causes hemorrhagic cystitis and in what drug is this seen?

A

Acrolein

Cyclophosphamide

28
Q

What is sodium 2-mercaptoethan sulfonate

A

Mesna which rescues cyclophosphamide from producing hemorrhagic cystitis

29
Q

Used to tx brain tumors

A

Nitrosureas
Carmustine
Lomustine
Semustine

30
Q

Crosses BBB causing CNS toxicity

A

Nitrosoureas
Carmustine
Lomustine
Semustine

31
Q

General side effects of cancer drugs

A

Alopecia
GI upset
Myelosuppresion
(All rapidly dividing cells)

32
Q

Causes hypersensitivity reactions

A

Paclitaxel

33
Q

Hyperstabalizes microtubules

A

Paclitaxel

34
Q

Tx ovarian and breast cancer

A

Paclitaxel

35
Q

Tx ALL NH lymphomas, Hodgkin lymphomas, Wilms tumors Ewing sarcoma and Choriocarcinoma

A

Vincristine/Vinblastine

36
Q

SE peripheral neuropathy neurotoxicity and bone marrow suppressions

A

Vincristine/Vinblastine

37
Q

Tx GU tumors (testicular, ovarian, bladder)

A

Cisplatin

38
Q

Causes ototoxicity/nephrotoxicity

A

Cisplatin

39
Q

Inhibits topoisomerase 2

A

Etoposide

Teniposide

40
Q

Tx small cell lung cancer and testicular cancer

A

Etoposide

41
Q

Inhibits topoisomerase 1

A

Irinotecan

Topotecan

42
Q

Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase

A

Hydroxyurea

43
Q

Also tx sickle cell disease

A

Hydroxyurea

44
Q

Testicular Cancer Tx

A

“Eradicate Ball Cancer”
Etoposide
Bleomycin (Ifosfamide)
Cisplatin

45
Q

Triggers apoptosis of lymphoid cells

A

Prednisone

46
Q

SE Cushingoid Sx

A

Prednisone

47
Q

Monoclonal Ab against VEGF

A

Bevacizumab

“Bev bleeds monthly”

48
Q

SE hemorrhage and impaired wound healing

A

Bevacizumab

“Bev bleeds monthly”

49
Q

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor of BRC-ABL

A

Imatinib

50
Q

Tx CML

A

Imatinib

inhibitor of BRC-ABL

51
Q

Monoclonab Ab to CD20

A

Rituximab

52
Q

Increased risk of endometrial cancer

A

Tamoxifen

53
Q

Used to tx osteoporosis

A

Raloxifene

54
Q

Doesn’t increase risk of endometrial cancer

A

Ralofxifene

55
Q

Estrogen receptor antagonist used to tx breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen

56
Q

SE Cardiotoxicity

A

Doxorubicin
Trastuzumab
“Herceptin hurts the heart”

57
Q

Monoclonal Ab against HER-2

A

Trastuzumab

Herceptin

58
Q

Myelosuppresion

A

5-FU
6-MP
MTX

DIT/Boards (22 decks)

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