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June 4th Flashcards

1
Q

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome

A

Abnormal integrins = phagocytes unable to exit circulation

Delayed separation of umbilical cord

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2
Q

Il-12 receptor deficiency predisposes you to

A

Mycobacterial and fungal infections

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3
Q

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis defect and Tx

A

T cell dysfunction vs only candida albicans

Ketoconazole tx

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4
Q

Pencillin to tx UTI

A

Amoxicillin

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5
Q

Pencillin to tx Neonatal infection

A

Ampicillin + gentamicin

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6
Q

Pencillin to tx syphilis

A

Penicillin G

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7
Q

Pencillin to tx Pseudomonas

A

Piperacillin

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8
Q

Antihistone Ab

A

drug induced lupus

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9
Q

Gout + intellectual disability + lip biting

A

Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

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10
Q

Toxins of strep pyogenes?

A

Streptolysin O
Steptolysin S
Strep pygoengic exotoxinx ABC (Scarlet fever)

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11
Q

Segment of renal tubule resorbs 67% of fluid and electrolytes filtered by glomerulus

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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12
Q

Segment of renal tubule site of secretion of organic anions and cations

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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13
Q

Segment of renal tubule always impermeable to water

A

Ascending thick loop of henle

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14
Q

Segment of renal tubule permeable to water only in presence of ADH

A

Collecting tubule

Late distal tubule

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15
Q

Segment of renal tubule site of Na/2Cl/K cotransporter

A

Thick ascending loop of henle

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16
Q

Segment of renal tubule site of isotonic fluid resorb

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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17
Q

Segment of renal tubule responsible for diluting urine

A

Thick ascending loop of henle

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18
Q

Segment of renal tubule only site where glucose and amino acids are resorbed

A

PCT

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19
Q

Segment of renal tubule water reabsorption in loop of Henle

A

Thin descending loop of henle

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20
Q

Bacteria that secrete exotoxins

A 
ETEC 
Virbio
S.aureus 
Shigella 
Yersinia
Clostridium species
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21
Q

Charcots Neuro Triad

A

Scanning speech
Intention tremor
Nystagmus and intranuclear opthalmoplegia
Dx of MS

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22
Q

Subacute endocarditis organisms

A

Viridans strep (S.mutans)
Enterococci
S. epidermidis

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23
Q

Increased survival and reduce mortality in CHF patients (3)

A

Beta blockers
ARB/ACE Inhibitor
Aldosterone antagonist

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24
Q

Which loop diuretic is not a sulfa drug?

A

Ethacrynic acid

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25
Q

What diuretic doesn’t increase NaCl in urine?

A

Acetazolamide

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26
Q

What diuretics cause acidosis?

A

Acetazolamide (Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors)

K+ sparing

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27
Q

What diuretics cause alkalosis?

A

Loop diuretics and thiazides

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28
Q

What NT is depleted with MPTP exposure?

A

Dopamine

MPP destroys cells in substantia nigra

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29
Q

Involuntary flailing of one arm, where is the lesion?

A

Contralateral subthalamic nucleus = hemiballismus

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30
Q

Causes of High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis

A 
MUDPILES 
Methanol 
Uremia 
DKA
Propylene glycol 
Iron tablets/Isoniazid 
Lactic acidosis 
Ethylene glycol 
Salicylates (late)
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31
Q

Causes of Normal Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis

A 
RADS 
Renal tubular acidosis 
Acetazolamide
Diarrhea
Spironolactone
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32
Q

CSF Changes in Guillain-Barre

A

Albuminocytologic Dissociation
High protein
Normal cell count

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33
Q

Causes of Rash on Palms and Soles

A

Secondary Syphilis
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Coxsackie A
Kawaski = desquamation

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34
Q

Which glomerulonephritis is associated with Henoch Scholein Purpora?

A

IgA nephropathy

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35
Q

Can’t see can’t pee can’t hear high C

A

Alport Syndrome

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36
Q

Defect in Alports

A

Mutation in collagen type 4 alpha 5 chain = COL4A5

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37
Q

Antibody titer in PSGN

A

Elevated anti-DNase B titers

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38
Q

SLE induced glomerulonephritis and micro

A

Diffuse Proliferative GN

Wire looping

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39
Q

Splitting of GBM

A

Alport Syndrome

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40
Q

Microscopic polyangitis marker

A

p-ANCA/MPO-ANCA

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41
Q

Granuolmatosis with polyangitisi maker

A

c-ANCA/ PR3-ANCA

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42
Q

IC deposits in mesangium

A

IgA nephropathy

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43
Q

Lumpy bumpy sub epithelial deposits

A

PSGN

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44
Q

Nerve damaged in fibular neck fracture

A

Common peroneal nerve = common fibular nerve

45
Q

2 receptors opening SER with depolarization

A

Dihydropyridine

Ryanodine

46
Q

Fx of Congenital Syphilis

A

Snuffles
Saddle nose
Saber shins
Frontal bossing

47
Q

Kimmelstiel Wilson lesions PAS+

A

Diabetic glomerulonephropathy

48
Q

Apple green birefringence

A

Amyloidosis

49
Q

Spike & dome appearance with sub epithelial deposits

A

Membranous nephropathy

50
Q

Wilson’s HepC SLE Colon CA Heavy metals

A

Membranous nephropathy

51
Q

Hep B HepC Lupus Subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

52
Q

Multiple mesangial nodules

A

Diabetic glomerulonephropathy

53
Q

Light micro shows segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

54
Q

Second generation cephalosporins

A 
HENS PEcK 
H.flu 
Enterobacter 
Neisseria 
Serratia 
Proteus 
E.coli 
Klebsiella 
Gram + cocci
55
Q

30S and 50S Inhibitors

A

AT 30S CCELL at 50S
30S= Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin)
Tetracyclines

50S= Chloramphenicol 
Clindamycin 
Erythromycin 
Linezolid 
Lincomycin 
Streptogramins
56
Q

Diagnosis of depression

A 
5/9 Sx for >2 weeks including anhedonia or depressed mood 
"SIG E CAPS" 
Sleep disturbance 
Interest lost 
Guilt worthlessness 
Concentration loss 
Psychomotor retardation/agitation 
Suicidal ideation
57
Q

WAGR Complex

A

Wilms tumor
Aniridia
GU malformations
Retardation (motor/intellectual)

58
Q

Risk fx for transitional cell CA

A

Smoking
Cyclophosphamide
Aniline dye exposure

59
Q

Red cell casts

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

60
Q

Waxy casts

A

Chronic renal failure, decreased urine flow

61
Q

Fatty cast

A

Nephrotic syndrome

62
Q

Granular cast

A

Chronic renal disease

63
Q

Hyaline casts

A

MC cast due to concentrated urine

64
Q

enzyme matches amino acids to tRNA

A

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

65
Q

SE of Lithium

A 
Tremor 
Nephrogenic DI 
Ebstein anomaly 
Arrythmias 
Hypothyroid 
Polyuria
66
Q

Pinpoint pupils, nausea, vomiting, seizures

67
Q

Rebound anxiety, tremors, seizures, life threatening

A

Withdrawal from alcohol, barbs and bentos

68
Q

Headache anxiety depression weight gain

A

Withdrawal from nicotine and caffeine

69
Q

Classic features of drug induced interstitial nephritis

A

Fever
Rash
Eosinophilia
Azotemia

70
Q

Drugs causing drug induced interstitial nephritis

A 
NSAIDs 
TMP-SMX 
Furosemide 
Ciprofloxacin 
Cimetidine 
Allopurinol 
PPI's 
Indinavir 
Mesalamine
71
Q

Metabolic panel findings in renal failure

A

increased K
decreased Ca
Increased BUN/Cr

72
Q

Infant equivalent of depression

A

Reactive attachment disorder

73
Q

3rd aortic arch derivative

A

common carotid and proximal internal carotid

74
Q

4th aortic arch derivative

A 
Left = aortic arch 
Right = Proximal right subclavian a.
75
Q

6th aortic arch derivative

A

Proximal part of pulmonary aa. and ductus arteriosus

76
Q

APGAR score

A 
10 point scale 
Apperance 
Pulse 
Grimace 
Activity 
Respiration 
Each receives 0-2 points 
>7 good 
4-6 assist and stimulate
77
Q

MCC of neonatal meningitis and pneumonia and Tx

A 
Men = Group B strep 
E.coli 
listeria 
Pneumo = GBS and E.coli 
Tx = Ampicilin and Gentamicin
78
Q

Low birth weight and complications

79
Q

Rolls over
Laugh & squealing
Hands together

80
Q 
Sit up unassisted 
Single syllables 
Transfer a cube 
Self - feed 
Stranger anxiety begins
81
Q

Crawling
Object permanence
Stranger anxiety

82
Q

Stranger anxiety ages

A

Starts 6 months ends at 12 months

83
Q

Separation anxiety age

A

12-15 months

84
Q

Stand & walk
1-3 words
Block in cup
Drinks from cup

85
Q

Walk backward & run
6 words
2 cube tower
Fork and spoon

86
Q

Climb stairs & kick ball
Combine words
4 cube tower
Brush teeth with help

87
Q

Jump up
Half understandable with 2-3 word sentences
6 cube tower
wash/dry hands

88
Q 
Jump forward & ride tricycle 
Understandable 
Copy circle/dash 
Bowl of cereal 
Brush teeth 
Dress 
Board games
89
Q

Toilet training age

90
Q

Gender identity

91
Q

Hop on one foot
Copy + sign and draw stick figure
Button clothes

92
Q 
Tie shoes 
Identify colors and coins 
Count to 5 
Copies square and triangle 
Magical thinking
93
Q

Logical thinking

if & then consequences

94
Q

Female breast development

95
Q

Female growth spurt

96
Q

Female menarche

97
Q

Male stage 2 enlargement of testes

98
Q

Male growth spurt

99
Q

Zoonotic bacteria causing recurrent infections due to variable surface antigens

A

Borrelia recurrentis

100
Q

Brown Sequard Syndrome

A

Ipsilateral loss of pain/temp/sensation at the level of the lesion
Contralateral loss of pain/temp 2-3 levels below lesion
Ipsilateral dorsal column (PVT) loss below lesion
Ipsilateral UMN signs below lesion
LMN signs (flaccid paralysis)

101
Q

Lesion causing hemiballismus

A

Lesion to subthalmic nucleus of substantia nigra

102
Q

Retroperitoneal Structures

A 
"A DUCK PEAR"
Adrenals 
Duodenum (2nd,3rd,4th) 
Ureters 
Colon (descending/ascending)
Kidneys
Pancreas
Esophagus 
Aorta
Rectum
103
Q

Gibbs free energy equation

A

^G=^H-T^S

^=delta

104
Q

Rate limiting step in gluconeogenesis

A

Fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase

105
Q

Irreversible enzymes of gluconeogenesis

A

Pyruvate carboxylase + biotin
PEP carboxykinase
Fructose 1,6 bisphosphosphatase
Glucose 6 phosphatase

106
Q

Rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis

A

Phosphofructokinase-1

107
Q

Deficiency of this enzyme in glycoslysis is most common and causes what Sx

A

Pyruvate kinase

Hemolytic anemia

108
Q

Three enzymes to know in glycolysis

A

Hexokinase/Glucokinase
Phosphofructokinase-1
Pyruvate kinase

DIT/Boards (22 decks)

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