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Z Old Anatomy > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

Arthrology

A

the study of joints

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3
Q

kinesiology

A

study of musculoskeletal movement

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4
Q

Functional Classification of Joints

A
  • Synarthroses - immovable (“syn-“ means fusion or think “sin” = without movement)
  • Amphiarthroses - slightly movable
  • Diarthroses - freely movable (appendicular)
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5
Q

Structural Classification of Joints

A
  • based on binding material and presence of joint cavity
  • Fibrous Joints - Sutures, Syndesmoses, Gomphoses
  • Cartilagenous Joints - synchondroses, symphyses
  • Synovial Joints - have synovial cavity/fluid
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6
Q

Fibrous Joints

A
  • these are synarthroses, meaning immovable, though some slightly movable
  • connected by fibrous CT, no joint cavity
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7
Q

Fibrous joints between skull bones that are tightly bound by small amount of tissue. Allow bone growth during childhood.

A

Sutures

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8
Q

Fibrous joints connected by ligaments only. Most movable fibrous joints, depending on length of ligament fibers.

A

Syndesmoses

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9
Q

Joint found between teeth and their sockets, connected by collagen fibers.

A

Gomphoses

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10
Q

Cartilagenous Joints

A
  • bones united by cartilage
  • no joint cavity
  • not highly movable

two types: synchondroses, symphyses

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11
Q

Immovable cartilagenous joint in which hyaline cartilage unites bones. Found in epiphyseal plates and ribs’ attachment’s to sternum.

A

Synchondroses

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12
Q

Fibrocartilagenous union of bone that resists tension and compression and is slightly movable.

A

Symphyses

(pubic symphyses and intervertebral discs)

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13
Q

Synovial Joints

A
  • most movable of all joints
  • all considered diarthroses
  • bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity
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14
Q

Parts of Synovial Joints

A

- articular cartilage

- joint cavity

- articular capsule

- synovial fluid

- reinforcing ligaments

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15
Q

Articular Cartilage

A
  • hyaline cartilage on ends of bones in synovial joints
  • absorbs compression
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16
Q

Joint Cavity

A
  • AKA synovial cavity
  • holds small amount of synovial fluid
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17
Q

Articular Capsule

A
  • two-layered capsule around synovial joint
  • made up of Fibrous Capsule of dense irregular CT and Synovial Membrane of loose CT which lines capsule and covers internal surfaces, producing synovial fluid
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18
Q

synovial fluid

A

viscous fluid that lubricates synovial joints

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19
Q

Reinforcing Ligaments

A
  • extracapsular ligaments - located outside the capsule
  • intracapsular ligaments - located inside capsule
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20
Q

Articular Discs

A
  • also known as Meniscus
  • disc of fibrocartilage in some joints (knee, jaw)
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21
Q

ligaments

A
  • join bone to bone
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22
Q

tendons

A
  • join muscle to bone
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23
Q

bursa

A
  • a fibrous sac lined with synovial membrane between some bones, tendons and muscles to decrease friction
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24
Q

Knee Joint Overview

A
  • articular capsule
  • articular cartilages
  • synovial membrane
  • suprapatellar, infrapatellar and prepatellar bursae
  • anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
  • tibial and fibular cruciate ligaments
  • patellar ligament
  • tendon of quadriceps femoris
  • medial and lateral menisci
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25
Q

articular capsule of knee

A
  • not visible on models
  • made up of outer fibrous capsule and inner synovial membrane
  • encloses medial, lateral and posterior knee joint
26
Q

white connective tissue covering bone where condyles of femur and tibia

A

articular cartilages of the knee

27
Q

synovial membrane of knee

A
  • not seen on models
  • secretes synovial fluid from surface of articular capsule
28
Q

Fluid-filled sac above the knee cap, deep to the quadriceps femoris

A

Suprapatellar Bursa

29
Q

fluid-filled sac superficial to the patella

A

prepatellar bursa

30
Q

fluid-filled sac distal to kneecap

A

infrapatellar bursa

31
Q

fibrocartilage pad on medial condyle of tibia

A

medial meniscus of knee joint

32
Q

fibrocartilage pad on lateral condyle of tibia

A

lateral meniscus of knee joint

33
Q

ligament running from posterior femur to anterior tibia

A

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

  • prevents hyperextension of knee
34
Q

ligament running from anterior femur to posterior tibia

A

posterior cruciate ligament

  • prevents hyperflexion
35
Q
A

lateral (fibular) collateral ligament

  • prevents hyperadduction
36
Q

name of CT replaced here by artificial means

A
  • medial (tibial) collateral ligament

prevents hyperabduction

37
Q
A

patellar ligament

  • attaches patella to tibia
38
Q

2

A

tendon of quadriceps femoris

  • patella is embedded within
39
Q

Joints that allow only gliding movement, as in wrists and ankles

A

Plane Joint

40
Q

Joints that allow motion in only one plane, such as those of the fingers, elbows and knees.

A

4 in image

hinge joints

41
Q

Joint in which the axis of a convex articular surface is parallel with the longitudinal axis of the bone allowing rotation. Seen in the atlanto-axial joint between the first two cervical vertebrae.

A

5 in image

Pivot Joint

42
Q

an ovoid articular surface, or condyle that is received into an elliptical cavity allowing for biplanar movement (flexion, extension, ab/adduction)

seen in metacarpophalangeal joint

A

2 in image

Condyloid Joint

43
Q

joint whose opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave-convex, allowing biplanar movement ( flexion, extension, adduction, abduction) but no axial rotation

ex: sternoclavicular joint

A

3 in image

saddle joint

44
Q

a joint in which the spheroid surface of one rounded bone fits into the cup-like depression of another bone

ex: femur in acetabulum, humerus in glenoid fossa

A

ball and socket join

45
Q

gliding

A

bony surfaces glide over each other

46
Q

flexion

A

decreases the angle of joint

47
Q

extension

A

increases the angle of joint

48
Q

abduction

A

draws a limb out to the side, away from the median sagittal plane

think “abduct” as in to take away

49
Q

adduction

A

a movement which brings a part of the anatomy closer to the middle sagittal plane of the body

50
Q

circumduction

A

movement of limb that describes a cone

proximal end is still, distal end moves in circle

51
Q

rotation

A

turning bone around its long axis

52
Q

supination

A

rotate forearm laterally so palm faces anteriorly

53
Q

pronation

A

rotate forearm medially so palm faces posteriorly

54
Q

inversion

A

moving foot’s sole toward midline

55
Q

eversion

A

moving foot’s sole laterally

56
Q

protraction

A

jutting out of jaw

57
Q

retraction

A

moving jaw backward

58
Q

elevation

A

lifting limb or body part superiorly

59
Q

depression

A

moving body part inferiorly

60
Q

opposition

A

bringing thumb and index finger tips together

61
Q

dorsiflexion/plantar flexion

A

up and down movements of foot, respectively

62
Q
A

Z Old Anatomy (21 decks)

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