Cardiovascular Part I: Blood Flashcards
2 parts of the Circulatory System
composed of the cardiovascular system (2-way circulation of blood) and the lymphatic system (one-way transport of lymph)
3 Parts of the Cardiovascular System
- blood
- heart
- blood vessels
4 Components of the Lymphatic Systems
- lymphatic vessels
- lymphocytes
- lymphoid tissue
- lymphoid organs
How is blood a connective tissue?
It consists of:
- cells (erythrocytes and leukocytes)
- fibers (fibrin strands formed by clotting factors)
- ground substance (plasma)
Functions of blood
- carries respiratory gases, nutrients and hormones
- regulates body temperature
Classification of Blood Components
- living cells - “formed elements”
- non-living matrix - “plasma”
Hematocrit
- packed cell volume
- a volume percentage of erythrocytes
- 47 +/- 5% in males
- 42 +/- 5% in females
Blood Plasma
- straw-colored, sticky fluid portion of blood
- 90% water, makes up 55% of blood volume
- contains ions, gases, nutrients, wastes and proteins
- three main proteins:
- albumin
- globulins
- fibrinogen
albumin
- smallest, most abundant plasma protein
- contributes to viscosity and **osmolarity **
- transports solutes and buffers pH (7.34 - 7.45)
Fibrinogen
- soluble fibrin precursor
- fibrin forms sticky network for clotting
Globulins
- contributes to immune function
- known as antibodies
serum
- plasma minus its clotting factors (formed elements)
What is a clot?
- platelets trapped in a network of fibrin
3 types of formed elements in blood
Formed elements = cells
- erythrocytes (red, 99%)
- leukocytes (white)
- thrombocytes (platelets)
numerous large, lightly stained cells here:
erythrocytes
- 4-6 million/mm3
- originate in red marrow
- main function is O2 and CO2 transport
anatomy:
- anucleate
- no organelles
- biconcave disks
- packed with hemoglobin
What molecule is this? What are its two main components? What is its function?
Hemoglobin;
Four globins each with a heme pigment;
to transport O2 by its tendency to bind to the Fe2+ on each heme
the general term for the kind cell shown here darkly stained
White Blood Cell (AKA Leukocyte)
- 4,800-11,000/mm3
- carry out immunological functions
What kind of WBCs are these?
Neutrophils (granulocyte)
- most common WBC (60%)
- 2-6 lobes per nuclei attached by chromatin strands
- active bacterial phagocytes
What kind of WBC is this?
eosinophil (granulocyte)
- 1-4% of WBCs
- bilobed nucleus
- increased in allergic response
- phagocytize allergens bound to antibodies
- kill parasitic worms
What kind of WBC is this?
basophil (granulocyte)
- very rare
- usually two lobes per nucleus
- heavily grainy cytoplasmic staining
- contain and release histamine to initiate inflammation
What kind of WBC is this? What are the two types of it and their functions?
lymphocyte ( agranulocyte)
- 20-45% of WBCs
- large, round nucleus almost fills cell (cytoplasm just a rim around the nucleus)
two types:
- B-lymphocytes (bone marrow) - produce antibodies, recognize and mark cells for destruction by macrophages
- T-lymphocytes (thymus) - target alien cells; reject transplants; kill virus-infected cells and some cancers; are cytotoxic
What kind of WBC is this?
monocyte (agranulocyte)
- 4-8% of WBCs
- horseshoe/kidney-shaped nucleus
- active phagocytes
- become macrophages when in tissues
- largest WBC
thrombocytes (aka platelets)
- fragments of megakaryocytes
- membrane-bound cytoplasm fragments without nuclei
- essential to clotting; adhere to blood vessel tears
