Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What’s another word for a joint

A

An articulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a joint

A

Where two or more bones meet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three types of joints

A

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, and Synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of joint has a joint cavity

A

Synovial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are fibrous joints made up of

A

Dense regular CT (collagen fibers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What kind of mobility do fibrous joints have

A

Synarthrotic or Amphiarthrotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What’s the construction of cartilaginous joints

A

Cartilage connects the bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What’s an example of a fibrous joint

A

Skull sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the mobility of cartilaginous joints

A

Synarthrotic or Amphiarthrotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s an example of a cartilaginous joint

A

Intervertebral discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Whats the construction of a synovial joint

A

Ligaments and articular capsule connect bones and the ends of the bones are covered by articular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What’s the movement of synovial joints

A

Diarthrotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a synarthrosis

A

An immobile joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly movable joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is diarthrosis

A

A freely movable joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the types of fibrous joints

A

Suture, syndesmosis, and gomphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the characteristics of sutures

A

Synarthrotic, short dense regular CT fibers connecting flat bones, allows for skull growth but fuses slowly as we age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does syndesmosis stand for

A

Syn means united, desm means ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the characteristics of a syndesmosis

A

Most are amphiarthrotic because they’re dense regular CT fibers longer than sutures, and they’re typically found between long bones (e.g. radius and ulna)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the characteristics of a gomphosis

A

Synarthrotic, the periodontal ligament connects the tooth to the bone if the socket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the kinds of cartilaginous joints

A

Symphysis and synchondroses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the characteristics of a symphysis

A

Amphiarthrotic, bones are separated by a fibrocartilage pad (e.g. pubic symphysis joining pelvis and front)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the characteristics of a synchondrosis

A

Synarthrotic, bones united by hyaline cartilage (e.g. epiphyseal plate of long bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the articular capsule made of

A

Sheath-like dense irregular CT with a fibrous capsule on the outside and the synovial membrane inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the function of the synovial membrane

A

To provide lubricating synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the fibrous capsule

A

Dense irregular CT that’s an extension of the periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the synovial membrane

A

Loose CT that is vascular and produces synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What does synovial fluid do

A

Lubricates the inside of the capsule, blood filtrate (water and nutrients), adds glycoproteins from secretory cells of CT, and nourishes chondrocytes (like sponge, pressure changes on cartilage makes fluid move in and out of the cartilage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What cell in the synovial membrane secreted synovial fluid and makes glycoproteins

A

Fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the articular disc

A

Fibrocartilage disc inside some synovial joints (e.g meniscus, TMJ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis

A

Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks inner loose CT in capsules and causes inflammation of synovial membranes (causes pain and swelling of joints)

32
Q

What is the timeline of rheumatoid arthritis

A

Inflamed synovial membrane forms a granular pannus, cartilage and bone are damaged by this pannus, fibrous scar tissue slowly replaces pannus and can cause bones to fuse

33
Q

What is osteoarthritis

A

Most common due to normal aging process and can be hereditary. Articular cartilage breaks down via normal enzyme activity or excessive use (can heal but not quickly and needs a sense of movement), results in bone on bone contact that damages articular surface

34
Q

What is gouty arthritis (gout)

A

Lots of uric acid in the blood precipitates out as crystals into synovial joints (tophus), body then starts inflammatory response to digest crystals that also causes bone erosion

35
Q

What is uric acid

A

Normal waste product produced by the liver during purine metabolization (spinach, red meat, shrimp, etc) and expelled by kidneys

36
Q

Where does gout usually first occur

A

The big toe because BP is low due to distance from the heart

37
Q

What are the movements of diarthrotic joints

A

Translational, uniaxial, biaxial, and multiaxial

38
Q

What is translational movement

A

Flat, gliding surfaces where the joint can move in multiple directions but only within one plane (e.g. wrists)

39
Q

What is uniaxial movement

A

Joint moves around one axis allowing for flexion and extension

40
Q

What is biaxial movement

A

Joint moves around 2 axes allowing for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction (e.g. knuckles)

41
Q

What is multiaxial movement

A

Joint moves around 3 or more axes allowing for circumduction, abduction, adduction, flexion, and extension, often least stable (e.g. shoulder)

42
Q

What are the types of 6 synovial joints based on movement

A

Hinge joints, pivot joints, plane joints, condyloid joints, saddle joints, and ball-and-socket joints

43
Q

What type of movement is a hinge joint

A

Uniaxial (e.g. elbow and finger joints) allowing for flexion and extension

44
Q

What type of movement is a pivot joint

A

Uniaxial (e.g. the middle of the radius bone) allowing for pronation and supination

45
Q

What type of movement does a plane joint have

A

Translational (e.g. ankle and waving)

46
Q

What are the characteristics of a condyloid joint

A

Biaxial (e.g. knuckles and the knee) allowing for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, comprised of a rounded part and a more conclaves cavity

47
Q

What type of movement does a saddle joint have

A

Biaxial (e.g. the base of the thumb) allowing for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

48
Q

What type of movement does a ball-and-socket joint have

A

Multiaxial (e.g. shoulders and hip) allowing for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and rotation

49
Q

What is a bursa

A

A closed fibrous sac like a water balloon lined by the synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid in ball and socket joints (can be outside the joint)

50
Q

What is the function of a bursa

A

To roll and reduce friction between ligaments and bones (ball bearing effect)

51
Q

What is bursitis

A

Inflammation and swelling of the bursa (though it can be removed because it will grow back and repair itself)

52
Q

What is the tendon sheath

A

An elongated bursa-like structure (like a pancake) wrapping around tendons in high friction tight spaced areas

53
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Inflammation of tendon sheaths and usually buildup of fluid that puts pressure on nerves passing through the carpal tunnel

54
Q

What bones make up the knee

A

The femur, patella, and tibia

55
Q

What bone is not part of the knee, despite articulating with the tibia

A

The fibula

56
Q

What are the joints of the knee

A

The tibiofemoral (tibia and femur) and femoropatellar (femur and patella) share one joint capsule and cavity

57
Q

What are the characteristics of the femoropatellar joint

A

Plane joint (glides) that works with the quadriceps femoris muscle in leg extension, the patella acts as a pulley to exert more force

58
Q

What is chondromalacia patellae

A

Inflammation of cartilage of patella. Patellar glade and femoral tilt causes abnormal patella position that shifts force onto one part of the knee and softens cartilage on the other part

59
Q

What are the characteristics of a tibiofemoral joint

A

Bichondylar hinge joint between tibia and femur that must withstand body weight (stability and mobility) allowing for flexion, extension, medial and lateral rotation, bones meet at an angle

60
Q

What are the characteristics of a bichondylar hinge joint

A

Articulations between both lateral and medial chondyles allowing for more movement than either hinge or chondyl joints

61
Q

How does the tibiofemoral joint get stability

A

Ligaments, tendons of quadriceps, and menisci (fibrocartilaginous discs creating a bit more of a concave surface)

62
Q

What are the 4 ligaments outside the capsule of the knee

A

Oblique popliteal, arcuate popliteal, tibial (medial) collateral, and fibular (lateral) collateral

63
Q

What does popliteal indicate

A

That it’s located at the back of the knee

64
Q

Where is the oblique popliteal ligament

A

At an angle expanding through the posterior portion capsule

65
Q

Where is the arcuate popliteal ligament

A

Forming an arc/bow attaching the head of the fibula to the posterior region of the capsule to stabilize

66
Q

Where is the tibial collateral ligament and what does it do

A

To the inside/left of the knee attaching the tibia to the femur and the medial meniscus to prevent medial movement of the leg and stop leg extension

67
Q

Where is the fibular collateral ligament and what does it do

A

On the outside/right of the knee attaching the fibula to the femur to prevent lateral movement and stop leg extension

68
Q

What are the 2 ligaments inside the knee capsule and what do they do

A

The cruciate ligaments (anterior and posterior) allow the knee to lock

69
Q

Where is the anterior cruciate ligament located

A

At the supero-anterior tibia an posterior surface of the femur (crosses so that it goes back and up)

70
Q

Where is the posterior cruciate ligament located

A

Attaches the posterior region of the tibia and more anterior region of the femur

71
Q

What does the posterior cruciate ligament do

A

Prevents anterior sliding of the femur (stops the femur from shifting forwards and backwards and the tibia from shifting back)

72
Q

What does the anterior cruciate ligament do

A

Prevents anterior sliding of the tibia (stops the tibia from shifting forwards and the femur from sliding back)

73
Q

What are the menisci

A

Horseshoe shaped fibrocartilaginous discs that sit in top of the tibial plateau. Medial one is open c shape, lateral is closed c shape

74
Q

What do the menisci do

A

Enlarge contact between tibia and femur, guide and support chondyles, and increases surface for weight to transfer across

75
Q

How is the anterior cruciate ligament repaired

A

Using a piece of the patellar ligament that attached the patellar to the femur

76
Q

What is a sprain

A

A stretched or torn ligament

77
Q

What is a strain

A

A stretched or torn tendon or muscle

Anatomy (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions