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Anatomy > Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A group of similar cells and binding extracellular matrix joined together

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2
Q

What are the 7 characteristics of epithelium

A

Cellularity (little extracellular space), cell junctions (for strength and communication), polarity (apical and basal surfaces), sits on basement membrane, avascular, innervated, regeneration

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3
Q

What is the basal region

A

The base region under underlying tissue

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4
Q

What is the apical region

A

The free edge of epithelium that you can touch

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5
Q

What is the the basement membrane

A

Basal lamina and reticular fibers of underlying connective tissue that offers cells a place to anchor via proteins

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6
Q

What are the kinds of cell junctions

A

Tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes

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7
Q

What is the basal lamina

A

A sheet of proteins that provides cells a surface to build on

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8
Q

How is the basal membrane connected to the basement membrane

A

Via reticular protein fibers

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9
Q

What are microvilli

A

Folds of plasma membrane made of epithelial tissue that maximize surface area for absorption

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10
Q

What are cilla

A

Whiplike, mobile extensions of cell surface whose internal organization allows them to move in order to move mucus (e.g. in reproductive tissue in the ovum)

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11
Q

What are the functions of epithelial tissue

A

Secretion (stomach, salivary gland), protection (skin), absorption and diffusion of nutrients or gases (alveoli)

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12
Q

What is the difference between simple and stratified epithelium

A

Simple is one layer, stratified is multiple layers (new cells made at the basal layer)

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13
Q

What shape is a squamous epithelial cell

A

Flattened

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14
Q

What shape is a cuboidal epithelial cell

A

Cube shaped

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15
Q

What shape is a columnar epithelial cell

A

Tall

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16
Q

What are three shapes of epithelial cells

A

Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

17
Q

How are stratified epithelia named

A

By the cell shape on the apical surface

18
Q

What do simple squamous epithelia do and where

A

Diffusion (lungs), filtration (kidney), secretion (serous membranes)

19
Q

What do simple cuboidal epithelia do and where

A

Absorption (kidney), secretion (some glands)

20
Q

What do simple columnar epithelia do and where

A

Absorption (GI tract), movement - i.e of mucus because they may or may not be ciliated (lungs), secretion (mucus)

21
Q

What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

A single layer of cells sitting on the basement membrane varying in height - usually ciliated - that aids in secretion and movement (mucus of respiratory system)

22
Q

What do stratified squamous epithelia do and where

A

They may be keratinized or non-keratinized but used regardless for protection (skin and oral cavity)

23
Q

What do stratified cuboidal epithelia do and where

A

Protection (salivary ducts)

24
Q

What do stratified columnar epithelia do and where

A

Protection (male urethra), secretion (some glands) - not common

25
Q

What is transitional epithelium?

A

Multiple layers of cells that change shape when stretched/have no standard shape (allows bladder to expand as it fills with urine)

26
Q

What are the 2 types of epithelium according to location

A

Membranous (in majority of body coverings and linings) and glandular (specialized epithelial tissue that produces glandular secretions)

27
Q

What are the two types of glands

A

Endocrine and exocrine

28
Q

Describe endocrine glands

A

They lack ducts and produce hormones which pass into nearby tissues or blood vessels

29
Q

Describe exocrine glands

A

They produce everything that endocrine glands don’t and secrete via ducts into body cavities or onto the body surface

30
Q

How can ducts of exocrine glands be characterized

A

Simple (unbranched) or compound (branched), tubular or alveolar (round)

31
Q

What are the 4 major tissue types

A

Muscle, nervous, epithelium, connective

Anatomy (16 decks)

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