Connective Tissue

Question 1

What are connective tissues

Answer 1

Cells separated from one another by an abundant extracellular matrix

Question 2

What are the 4 functions of connective tissue

Answer 2

Connecting other tissues and organs together, forming skeletal tissue, carrying and storing nutrients, and supporting blood vessels and nerves

Question 3

What are the 4 kinds of connective tissue

Answer 3

Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood

Question 4

What is the extracellular matrix

Answer 4

Ground substance (what fibers are suspended in) and protein fibers - the non-living component

Question 5

What kinds of fibers can be found in connective tissue

Answer 5

Collagen, elastic, and reticular

Question 6

What is the function of collagen fibers

Answer 6

Strength and support (most abundant)

Question 7

What is the function of elastic fibers

Answer 7

Stretch/elasticity and rebounding (e.g. in the skin)

Question 8

What is the function of reticular fibers

Answer 8

Short fibers creating a support network like a spiderweb for cells to attach or anchor (e.g. in the lymph nodes)

Question 9

What consistency is ground substance

Answer 9

Jelly like - most common (CT proper, cartilage), fluid (blood), or mineralized/hard (bone)

Question 10

What are other characteristics of connective tissue

Answer 10

It is vascularized and innervated

Question 11

What are the subtypes of CT proper

Answer 11

Loose and dense

Question 12

What types of cells are in CT proper

Answer 12

Fibroblasts, defense cells, and fat cells

Question 13

What fibers are found in CT proper

Answer 13

All 3 - elastic, reticular, and collagen

Question 14

What is the function of CT proper

Answer 14

It is a binding tissue that resists mechanical stress, mainly tension

Question 15

What does the suffix “blasts” indicate

Answer 15

That the cells are immature and produce supporting fibers found in the extracellular matrix (and other things too)

Question 16

What are the subtypes of cartilage

Answer 16

Hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic

Question 17

What types of cells are found in cartilage

Answer 17

Chondrocytes and chondroblasts (in growing cartilage)

Question 18

What types of fibers are in cartilage

Answer 18

Collagen and occasionally elastic

Question 19

What are the functions of cartilage

Answer 19

To resist compression (because of water in extracellular matrix) and cushion and support body structures

Question 20

What are the subtypes of bone tissue

Answer 20

Compact and spongy

Question 21

What types of cells are found in bone tissue

Answer 21

Osteocytes and osteoblasts

Question 22

What types of fibers are found in bone tissue

Answer 22

Collagen

Question 23

What is the function of bone tissue

Answer 23

Offering support and resisting compression and tension

Question 24

What types of cells are found in blood

Answer 24

Erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets

Question 25

What types of fibers are found in blood

Answer 25

None

Question 26

What is the function of blood

Answer 26

To carry oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, and other substances (e.g. hormones)

Question 27

What are the subtypes of loose connective tissue

Answer 27

Areolar, adipose, and reticular

Question 28

What are the subclasses of dense connective tissue

Answer 28

Regular, irregular, and elastic

Question 29

What are the 7 cellular components of areolar connective tissue

Answer 29

Mast cells, macrophages, neutrophils, plasma cells, fat cells (adipocytes), lymphocytes, and fibroblasts

Question 30

What is the function of areolar connective tissue

Answer 30

Supporting epithelial tissues and offering a barrier to pathogens

Question 31

What are the 3 characteristics and functions of adipose tissue

Answer 31

Good for protection and nutrient storage, has a high concentration of fats cells full of lipids, found in the hypodermis

Question 32

What are the characteristics of reticular connective tissue

Answer 32

It’s a network of reticular fibers found in organs like spleen where there is a high concentration of blood cells

Question 33

What are the characteristics of dense regular CT?

Answer 33

Collagen fibers run parallel to one another (e.g. in ligaments and tendons) when you can predict where the force is coming from

Question 34

What causes hyper extension?

Answer 34

Longer ligaments

Question 35

What are the characteristics of dense irregular CT?

Answer 35

Collagen fibers running in many directions (e.g. in joint capsule and muscle fascia)

Question 36

What are the characteristics of elastic CT

Answer 36

Lots of elastic fibers so common in organs stretching and quickly going back to their original shape (e.g. in large arteries helping heart relax and mediating high/low blood pressure)

Question 37

What happens in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP)

Answer 37

Fibers are replaced by bone tissue

Question 38

What is a membrane

Answer 38

Epithelial tissue and CT proper

Question 39

What are the 3 kinds of membranes

Answer 39

Cutaneous, mucous, and serous

Question 40

What is the cutaneous membrane

Answer 40

And organ also known as the skin made up of the epidermis (epithelium) and the dermis (connective tissue)

Question 41

Where are mucous membranes

Answer 41

Lining organs that open to outside the body (e.g. in nasal cavity, mouth, esophagus, intestines, and lung bronchi)

Question 42

Where are serous membranes

Answer 42

Surrounding the outside of organs and lining body cavities to help anchor things (e.g. outer wall of stomach)

Question 43

In a mucous membrane, what part secretes the mucus coating

Answer 43

The epithelial cells

Question 44

What are the 2 layers of the serous membranes

Answer 44

Visceral layer surrounding organs and parietal layer lining the body cavity

Question 45

What is the function of serous membranes

Answer 45

Epithelial cells secrete lubrication fluid to prevent friction between organs

Question 46

Where are the 3 locations of serous membranes

Answer 46

Peritoneum, pleura, and pericardium

Question 47

Where is the peritoneum

Answer 47

Abdominopelvic cavity and surrounding abdominopelvic organs

Question 48

Where is the pleura

Answer 48

Pleural cavity surrounding lungs

Question 49

Where is the pericardium

Answer 49

Pericardial cavity surrounding heart