Joint plans

Question 1

Knee

Answer 1

Movement= flexion/ extension, medial/ lateral rotation
Degrees of freedom= 1. Sagittal and transverse
Bones= tibial & femoral condyles
Ligaments= anterior & posterior cruciate, medial & lateral collateral, oblique & arcuate popliteal
Blood supply= tibial, femoral, popliteal
Nerve supply= branches of obturator, sciatic and femoral nerves
muscles= bicep femoris, rectus femoris, vastus laterali, semitendinous, semimembranosus

Question 2

Hip

Answer 2

Movement= flexion/ extension, adduction/ abduction, rotation
Bones= ilium, ischium, acetabulum, head of femur
Ligaments= iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, pubofemoral
blood supply= medial/ lateral circumflex artery
nerve supply= branches of sciatic, obturator and femoral
muscles= gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, bicep femoris, iliacus, quadratus femoris

Question 3

ankle

Answer 3

movement= plantar flexion/ doors flexion
degrees of freedom= 1. sagittal
bones= tibia & fibula. AS- Talus
ligaments= medial: tibiotalar, tibiocalcaneon. Lateral: tibiofibular, calcaneofibular
blood supply= branches of posterior & tibial arteries
nerve supply= branches of sciatic nerve: tibial and deep peroneal
muscles= flexors: tibialis, tibialis posterior, gastrocnemius, soleus. Extensors: tibial anterior

Question 4

wrist

Answer 4

Name/ type= Radiocarpal. Synovial condyloid joint.
Movement= Flexion/ extension, abduction/ adduction
Degrees of freedom= 2. Frontal & sagittal plane
Bones= Proximal: Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform. Distal: Trapezium, trapezoid, humate, capitate.
Ligaments= Radial collateral & ulnar collateral. Dorsal radiocarpal & palmar radiocarpal.
Blood supply= Dorsal carpal arch & palmar carpal arch are blood vessels between the main ulna and radial arteries.
Nerve supply= Branches of ulnar, radial and median nerves.
Muscles= Flexor carpiradialis and carpiulnaris. Extensor carpiradialis longus, brevis and ulnaris.

Question 5

shoulder

Answer 5

Name/ type= Glenohumeral. Synovial ball & socket.
Movement= Flexion/ extension, abduction/ adduction, medial/ lateral rotation, horizontal abduction/ adduction.
Degrees of freedom= 3. Frontal, sagittal, transverse plane.
Bones= Head of humerus & glenoid fossa of scapula. Articulating surface: humeral head and glenoid cavity of scapula.
Ligaments= Glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, coraclavicular.
Blood supply= Subclavian and axillary arteries.
Nerve supply= Subrascapular, suprascapular, musculocutaneous, axillary, lateral pectoral.
Muscles= Flexors: Deltoid, pectoralis major. Extensors: Deltoid, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major.