I.T. Images Flashcards
Images
modular PSU
solid state drive
HDD
integrated drive electronics (IDE)
AKA
parallel advanced technology attachment (PATA)
Serial Cable
Aka
RC-232
A 24-pin main motherboard power cable and port.
VGA
SCIS
PSU
RAID 0 (Striping without Parity)
RAID 1
RAID 5 (Striping with Distributed Parity)
RAID 10 (Stripe of Mirrors)
Drive Enclosures
Flash Drive
Memory Card Reader
optical drive
DDR SDRAM DIMM CARD
Small Outline DIMM (SODIMM).
BIOS
PATCH PANEL
Enterprise Switch
Unshielded twisted Pair cable
Shielded twisted pair (STP)
Real Time Clock (RTC)
Real Time Clock (RTC)
Capacitors
are barrel-like components that regulate the flow of electricity to the system chips.
Peripheral Component Interconnect Express Interface (PCIe)
Motherboard
Full-size ATX boards are 12 inches wide by 9.6 inches deep (or 305 mm x 244 mm). An ATX board can contain up to seven expansion slots.
Mini-ITX is 6.7 inches (170 mm x 170 mm) square with one expansion slot. These are designed for small cases, but do note that most mini-ITX boards can be mounted in ATX cases.
Memory system
Molex Power Connectors
Internal storage device data cables are unpowered.
Molex connector is usually white or clear plastic and has 4 pins. The color coding of the wire insulation represents the DC voltage: red (5 VDC), yellow (12 VDC), and black (ground).
Integrated Drive Electronics Interface
Parallel ATA (PATA), originally AT Attachment, also known as Integrated Drive Electronics
(IDE), is a standard interface designed for IBM PC-compatible computers.
It’s a legacy connector for storage.
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI, SKUZ-ee)
is a set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices, best known for its use with storage devices such as hard disk drives
SATA ports
Serial Advanced Technology Attachment Interface
The 7-pin data connector does not supply power. A separate 15-pin SATA power connector is used to connect the device to the PC’s power supply.
Lightning Interface
SATA uses cables of up to 1 m (39 in.) terminated with compact 7-pin connectors. Each SATA host adapter port supports a single device.
a suitable adapter cable, such as Lightning-to-USB A or Lightning-to-USB C.
ThunderBolt
Version 2 of the standard supports links of up to 20 Gbps. Like DisplayPort multiple monitors can be connected to a single port by daisy-chaining. Thunderbolt 3 supports up to 40 Gbps over a short, high-quality cable (up to 0.5 m/1.6 ft.).
HDMI cable
is rated as either Standard (Category 1) or High Speed (Category 2). High Speed cable supports greater lengths and is required for v1.4 features, such as 4K and refresh rates over 60 Hz. HDMI versions 2.0 and 2.1 specify Premium High Speed (up to 18 Gbps) and Ultra High Speed (up to 48 Gbps) cable ratings.
DisplayPort Interface
Bandwidth can be allocated in bonded lanes (up to four). The bitrate of each lane was originally 2.7 Gbps but is now (with version 2.0) up to 20 Gbps.
USB 3 Type A connections are physically compatible with USB 1.1 and 2.0 connections, but the Type B/Type B Micro connections are not.
Standard/speed/connector/legacy
Interfaces, Ports and Connectors
front chassis
motherboard/components
back chassis
Motherboard headers for: USB ports, power button, and power supply connectors, Audio ports
GPU (graphics processing unit) card
Sound Card - Audio playback, and record sound from mic.
audio jacks are 3.5 mm (⅛ inch) mono or stereo jacks. These are also referred to as phone plugs or mini tip, ring, sleeve (TRS) connectors.
A basic sound chip may be provided as part of the motherboard chipset
Network Interface Cards (NIC)
Most computers have an Ethernet network adapter already installed as part of the motherboard chipset.
NIC cards are upgrade.
There are also wifi and cellular cards.
Display Video Interface (DVI)
Connectors for older display devices/video cards, through analog
(VGA) Video Graphics Array Interface
full HD (1920x1080), analog, The connector is a D-shell type
Small computer system interface (SCSI)
They are bulky with a lot of wires. Transfer rate at 1byte versus USB/Thunderbolt serial. HD-68 is used with Molex power connectors. SCSI could support data rates up to 320 MBps.
Legacy expansion bus standard allowing for the connection of internal and external devices. Each device on a SCSI bus must be allocated a unique ID. The bus must also be terminated at both ends.
One SCSI host bus adapter (HBA) can control multiple devices attached by internal ribbon cables or external SCSI cables.
Integrated Drive Electronics Interface (IDE)
The interface is also referred to as parallel advanced technology attachment (PATA). The enhanced IDE (EIDE) bus interface uses 16-bit parallel data transfers. Legacy, principal mass storage interface, keyed for proper connection.
Serial Cables
Legacy connection, then USB. Slower data transmission of Recommended Standard #232 (RS-232). Supports data rates up to about 115 Kbps only.
In Windows, the serial port is referred to as a Communications (COM) port.
RS-232 specifies a 25-pin hardware interface, but in practice, PC manufacturers used the cheaper 9-pin D-subminiature (DB-9) female port shown above.
Power Supply Unit (PSU)
Compatibility of Form Factor Motherboards, only use in North America with voltage of 100 - 120VAC.
20-pin to 24-pin Motherboard Adapter
The ATX PSU standard has gone through several revisions
compatibility with older motherboards with a 20-pin port.
Fan Cooling System
Current runs through components and the heat can destroy components like the processor.
Heat Sink is a metal with fins and thermal paste regulates heat from CPU through heat sink. Doesn’t require extra energy.
Liquid Cooling Systems
High End Gaming generates more heat and need this to keep it cool.
It’s a system of loops and water that then draws heat from the system.
Mass Storage Devices
Non-volatile storage devices hold data when the system is powered off. These devices are also referred to as mass storage. Mass storage devices use magnetic, optical, or solid-state technology to store data.
Non-volatile, Fixed disk, standard widths: 5.25 inches, 3.5 inches, and 2.5 inches. chassis has several drive bays to fit these form factors.
Some of the mass storage drive vendors include Seagate, Western Digital, Hitachi, Fujitsu, Toshiba, and Samsung.
Solid-State Drive
uses flash memory technology to implement persistent mass storage.
Risks from total failure of the device due to mechanical shock and wear are generally lower.
Might be the only internal drive, sometimes act for applications with HDD carrying user data.
an SSD might be packaged in a 2.5-inch caddy and installed to a SATA port using the normal SATA data and power connectors. An NVMe SSD can either be packaged for installation to a PCIe slot as an expansion card or to an M.2 slot.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
with a capacity of 512 bytes.
revolutions per minute (RPM). High performance drives are rated at 15,000 or 10,000 rpm; average performance is 7,200 or 5,400 rpm.
Most HDDs use a SATA interface, though you may come across legacy devices using EIDE/PATA or SCSI interfaces. There are two main form factors for HDDs. The mainstream type used in desktop PCs are 3.5-inch units. The 2.5 -inch form factor is used for laptops and as portable external drives. Devices with 2.5-inch form factors can also vary in height, with 15 mm, 9.5 mm, 7 mm, and 5 mm form factors available.
Redundant Array Independent Disks/ Software RAID (RAID)
Redundancy sacrifices some disk capacity but provides fault tolerance. To the OS, the RAID array appears as a single storage resource, or volume, and can be partitioned and formatted like any other drive.
Error correcting code (ECC) RAM
is used for workstations and servers that require a high level of reliability. ECC can also detect errors of 2, 3, or 4 bits but cannot correct them. Instead, it will generate an error message and halt the system.
Intel uses land grid array (LGA) socket form factor CPUs. The LGA form factor positions the pins that connect the CPU on the socket. The CPU is placed on a hinged plate and then secured to the socket using a locking lever.
AMD uses pin grid array (PGA) form factor chips predominantly. The PGA form factor positions the pins on the underside of the processor package. The CPU is placed gently into the socket and then secured using a locking lever. Care must be taken to orient pin 1 on the CPU correctly with pin 1 on the socket so as not to bend or break any of the pins.
UEFI setup programs use a graphical interface and have mouse support, though advanced menus may still require keyboard navigation
MultiMeter Tester for PSU
POST issues
Normal POSTâsystem is OK. Most modern PCs are configured to boot silently, however
2 short beeps
POST issues
error code shown on screen.
1 beep
POST issues
usually indicates that the system is functioning normally and passed the test successfully
No beep
POST issues
Power supply, motherboard problem, or faulty onboard speaker.
Continuous beep
POST issues
Problem with system memory modules or memory controller.
Repeating short beeps
POST issues
Power supply fault or motherboard problem.
1 long, 1 short beep
POST issues
Motherboard problem.
1 long, 2 or 3 short beeps
POST issues
Video adapter error.
3 long beeps
POST issues
Keyboard issue (check that a key is not depressed).
SNMP agents and management system
PuTTY Telnet client.
Communications between RADIUS server, client, and supplicant in AAA architecture.
Configuring an email account.
Operation of delivery and mailbox email protocols
URL for an HTTPS website.
A typical remote access VPN configuration
Observing a UDP header in the final frame of the DHCP lease process with the Wireshark protocol analyzer.
Observing the TCP handshake with the Wireshark protocol analyzer
Communications at the transport layer
IPv6 Network Prefixes
2001:0db8:0000:0000:0abc:0000:def0:1234
IPv6 Notation
DHCP server configuration
If the masked portions of the source and destination IP addresses match, then the destination interface is assumed to be on the same IP network or subnet. For example:
IPv4
32bits/group of 8 bits (1 byte) of octets
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Router
Filter Splitter
DSL
Access Point
COAXIAL CABLING
OPTICAL CABLING
Loopback Plug
Cable tester
Crimper
Punchdown tool
Cable Stripper and Snips
RJ45 connectors
RJ11 connectors,widely used in telephone systems and with broadband digital subscriber line (DSL) modems.
PATCH PANELS
enterprise LAN
Small Office Home Office (SOHO) aka Internet Router aka Enterprise LAN
■ 100BASE-T
Ethernet has a speed of 100 megabits per second (Mbps).
1000BASE-T
is a standard for transmitting data at 1 gigabit per second over copper cables, the mainstream choice of standard for most LANs.
10GBASE-T
refers to a copper cabling standard working at 10 Gbps.
